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Corporal punishment of children in their education are important issues that historically have been accepted and Yankvhsh Unfortunately in today's society has neglected the rights of children and adults of these rights by violated. Islamic jurisprudence is recommended to right what ways? As well as laws have been codified in law what is? In the verses of Quran and Hadith from the infallible Imams come from (PBUH) emphasizes the reverence, love, forgiveness, compassion and Rfq and productive than children. On Islamic law, as is early in the punishment of child esteem and under certain conditions as a measure to maintain the system for training and behavior modification, family and children, voided, and to protect the interests, sanctions such as liability and responsibility, provided is. In this regard, in particular understanding of Islam and Shiite jurisprudence that laws in our country is the source and the directive could be an important step for appropriate legislation B for children. The law tries years of punishment and corporal punishment of children to prevent and eliminate this phenomenon in human society and in recent years a comprehensive international instrument to assert the rights of children and the prohibition of corporal punishment for exercising their raised have. Thus, at the outset, and seemingly contradictory approaches is formed. Therefore, in this study, explain and evaluate the real subject of two approaches have been tried according to the interests, rights, education, interests and protect the interests of children, the ways to close the two approaches together will be offered.

The authors examine the global diffusion of international population policy, which they consider a cultural item. The process of cultural diffusion is often seen as spontaneous: items of Western culture are in demand because they are universally attractive. Yet cultural flows may also be directed, they may be unattractive to their intended recipients, and their acceptance may depend on persuasion and material incentives. The authors consider the range of responses of national elites to the new population policy adopted by the United Nations at Cairo in 1994. Strongly influenced by feminists, the Cairo Program of Action promotes gender equity and reproductive health and demotes previous concerns with population growth. The data are interviews with representatives of governmental and nongovernmental organizations involved in population and health in five developing countries. To interpret the interviews, the authors draw on two theoretical frameworks. The first emphasizes the attractiveness of new cultural items and the creation of a normative consensus about their value. The second emphasizes differentials in power and resources among global actors and argues that the diffusion of cultural items can be directed by powerful donor states. Interviews in Bangladesh, Ghana, Jordan, Malawi, and Senegal portray a mixed reception to Cairo: enthusiastic embrace of certain aspects of the Cairo policy by some members of the national elite and a realistic assessment of donor power by virtually all. Strategies of rhetoric and action appear to be aimed at maintaining and directing the flows of donor funds.

This response describes the circumstances that led Professor Mervyn Frost to write his article on tragedy in international relations. In examining his argument, it identifies several points of agreement but two points of disagreement. The first is over the evidence for the evolution of a global human rights culture; the second over the weight to be attached to the impediments to progress represented by the external world. These points are illustrated by reference to international developments since September 2001. The conclusion is that the modern world, despite its public commitment to the progressive idiom of democratic politics, and enlightened attempts to promote a democratic world order, cannot easily escape tragic outcomes.

Slowly but steadily, a new international institution is emerging in East Asia: the ASEAN + 3 forum, comprising the ten members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus China, Japan and South Korea. ASEAN + 3 is an interesting case of institution-building in that it is constructed around the core of an already existing institution, ASEAN, which was founded in 1967. The following analysis of this multilateral forum seeks to answer two theoretical questions: (i) Why do states cooperate? (ii) What happens to their interests and identities once they communicate with each other? In view of this task, I will offer a social constructivist variant of international relations theory to explain the instigation of the process on the one hand and the processual construction of the institution on the other. The underlying belief is that not only do states influence the development of international institutions, but that institutions can also exert influence on foreign policy behaviour. (IfAs-Nabers)

The Åland Islands constitute a very special case in international law. This island territory under Finland's sovereignty has been demilitarised and neutralised for more than one hundred and forty years and autonomous for more than seventy years. In 1921 the Council of the League of Nations laid down international guarantees for the autonomy and the Swedish character of Åland, and a multilateral convention on Åland's demilitarisation and neutralisation was concluded in the same year. The convention is still in force and Åland's autonomy is firmly anchored in both customary international law and Finnish constitutional law. This volume is the first to comprehensively analyse Åland's international legal status. Coverage of its articles includes: analyses of the status and content of Åland's autonomy, military issues, and the relationship between Åland and the EU. The solution achieved for Åland may provide a valuable model of autonomy. This book is important not only for experts and students of international law, but for anyone concerned with territorial autonomy as a possible means for enhancing political rights of minorities