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[Full article is in English]English:
Estimated at 12 million, the Roma population constitutes one of the largest and most disadvantaged ethnic minority groups in Europe and the most socially marginalized and stigmatized group in the European Union (Council of Europe, 2009, 2010). In recent years, following the two waves of EU expansion in 2004 and 2007, the problem of Roma integration into educational systems generated great attention among EU member states. The European Commission's policy of promoting multilingualism and cultural diversity to foster European citizenship has led to promising results. However, the current economic crisis and lack of effective political integration within EU member states have promoted policies of protectionism. This article provides an analysis of the current situation of Roma children from Eastern Europe, highlighting the opportunities for improving instruction and protecting human rights for this highly vulnerable school-age population. We propose specific measures based on a bilingual and cross-culturally inclusive educational model.Spanish:
Estimada en doce millones, la población romaní es uno de los grupos
étnicos minoritarios más numeroso, desfavorecido, marginalizado y socialmente
estigmatizado de la Unión Europea (Consejo de Europa, 2009,
2010). Después de las dos olas de ampliación de la UE en 2004 y 2007, el
problema de la integración de los romaníes en los sistemas de educación
generó gran atención entre los estados miembros. La política de la CE
para promover el multilingüismo y la diversidad cultural a fin de fortalecer
la ciudadanía europea ha llevado a resultados prometedores. Sin
embargo, ante la crisis económica actual y la falta de una política efectiva
de integración en la UE, predominan políticas de proteccionismo. Este
artículo analiza la situación actual de los niños romaní en Europa del
Este, subrayando las oportunidades para mejorar la instrucción y protección
de los derechos humanos de esta sumamente vulnerable población
en edad escolar. Proponemos medidas específi cas basadas en un modelo
escolar bilingüe y transculturalmente inclusivo.French
Estimée en 12 millions, la population rom constitue un des plus grands
groupes ethniques défavorisés minoritaires en Europe et le groupe
le plus marginalisé socialement et stigmatisé de l'Union Européenne
(Council of Europe, 2009, 2010). Au cours des années récentes, suite à
deux vagues d'expansion de l'EU en 2004 et 2007, le problème de l'intégration
des Roms dans les systèmes éducatifs a provoqué une att ention
soutenue dans les États membres de l'UE. La politique de la Commission
Européenne en matière de promotion du multilinguisme et de la diversité
culturelle destinée á favoriser la citoyenneté européenne a abouti à
des résultats promett eurs. Cependant, la crise économique actuelle et
l'absence d'une intégration politique réelle entre les États membres de
l'UE ont favorisé des politiques protectionnistes. Cet article présente une
analyse de la situation actuelle des enfants roms d'Europe de l'Est et met
en lumière les opportunités d'améliorer l'instruction et de protéger les
droits humains pour cett e population scolaire très vulnérable. Nous proposons
des mesures spécifi ques fondées sur un modèle éducatif bilingue
et ouvert à l'interculturel.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of work-to-family enrichment in totality. Using grounded theory, the study aims to understand antecedents, moderators, and consequences of work-to-family enrichment. This study also investigates strategies adopted by individuals to enhance their work-family enrichment experience.Design/methodology/approach– The paper opted for an exploratory study using the open-ended approach of grounded theory. This paper builds a model to understand the phenomenon by applying Strauss and Corbin's (1990) "paradigm model" approach of grounded theory. The paper throws light on the key tenets of grounded theory research and explains use of grounded theory as a rigorous method for business research. Data were collected by taking 24 in-depth interviews with employees representing middle management segment of consulting, IT and FMCG firms in India.Findings– This study reports "perceived work-family culture" of an organization as an antecedent of "work-to-family enrichment." It also finds "community resources" and "family role salience" as significant contributors in enriching the experience of professionals. Work-to-family enrichment experience has positive influence on "employer brand attraction" and "organizational citizenship behavior" and has negative influence on "intention to quit." The study has also added to the literature by identifying Psychological Capital as one of the consequences. The study has highlighted segmentation, i.e. by maintaining work and family boundaries, support from extended family members or close friends, engaging in activities that provides happiness and personal peace like being a part of NGO, time management and scheduling, engaging in shopping and availing community facilities like good day cares as major strategies used by Indian professionals to enhance their work-to-family enrichment.Research limitations/implications– The study demonstrates application of grounded theory for understanding a phenomenon holistically. It is one of its kinds of study conducted to understand work-to-family enrichment.Practical implications– This is a unique study, where attempts have been made to understand and integrate work-to-family enrichment phenomenon in totality. The paper provides insights to the managers about the importance of suitable work-family culture and other factors to ensure successful implementation of work-family policies. The paper also identifies strategies adopted by individuals to attain work-family enrichment.Social implications– Demographic shifts, changing market and economic trends, technological advances and competitive forces have made work-family interface an important issue for both academicians and practitioners. In India, these changes can be experienced in terms of demographic profile of work force. Changes in the definitions of work and family, shifting family structure, changing profile of work (due to technological advancement, women empowerment, etc.) are transforming the work-family interactions in emerging economies. According to Hewitt's Attrition and Retention Asia Pacific Study, the need for a balance between work and personal life has become an integral element of employee's expectations from their work organization.Originality/value– This paper fulfils an identified need to study and explore positive side of work-family interface especially in emerging economies like India. This is the first attempt to study the relationships in the work-family domain from a grounded theory approach in Indian context and probably one of the first few in the literature.

A struggle in the peripheries: a few remarks on devolution in the UKThe paper looks at the major issues underlying devolution in the United Kingdom, i.e. a process whereby the historically diverse areas and regions constituting the seemingly uniform state have been slowly striving for independence, along with the formation of local, regional and even national identities. Hinging on the idea of 'multicultural citizenship', the paper seeks to analyse the ongoing public discourse centered on the gradual transfer of centralized London-based power to local and regional bodies across the UK. This discourse forms the pivotal background of devolution, overtly pointing to the idea of the so-called 'new opening' of the entire British political scene, clearly promoting the notion of strengthening the position of Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and English regions as increasingly autonomous geographical and cultural areas as part of a weakening monolith by the name of the United Kingdom. Resting almost entirely on historic tensions between British identity and Scottish identity, it is made clear that the Scottish public debate has basically neglected the issues of the assimilation of its cultural minorities with the 'post-devolution' reality. The devolution discourse stems from the rancorous debates and polemics which have taken place throughout the three hundred years of the Scottish and English Union, covering several social and political contexts, including the growing demands voiced by the SNP. Indeed, it has a major impact on the formation of Scots' national distinctiveness alongside Scotland's gradual emergence as a separate part of the British Isles. Walka na peryferiach: kilka uwag na temat procesu dewolucji w Wielkiej BrytaniiArtykuł omawia główne zagadnienia leżące u podstaw procesu dewolucyjnego w Zjednoczonym Królestwie, tj. stopniowego uniezależniania się historycznych krain – regionów współtworzących to pozornie jednolite państwo, oraz tworzenie się w tym procesie tożsamości lokalnych, regionalnych, a nawet narodowych. Bazując na pojęciu "obywatelstwa wielokulturowego", dokonano analizy podjętego w tym państwie ożywionego dyskursu publicznego w kwestiach związanych ze stopniowym przekazywaniem władzy skupionej centralnie – w Londynie – instytucjom lokalnym i regionalnym. Dyskurs ten stanowi istotne zaplecze procesu dewolucji, wyraźnie wskazując na ideę tzw. "nowego otwarcia" całej brytyjskiej sceny politycznej, jednoznacznie promując umacnianie pozycji Szkocji, Walii i Irlandii Północnej oraz angielskich regionów jako niezależnych obszarów geograficzno-kulturowych w ramach słabnącego monolitu państwowego Zjednoczonego Królestwa. Dyskurs dewolucyjny ma swe źródła w burzliwych debatach i polemikach toczących się w ciągu trzystu lat istnienia unii angielsko-szkockiej. Obejmuje wiele środowisk społecznych i politycznych, w tym rosnącą w siłę Szkocką Partię Narodową (SNP) i ma istotny wpływ na kształtowanie się poczucia narodowej odrębności Szkotów oraz stopniowego umacniania pozycji tego "regionu – obszaru – kraju" na Wyspach Brytyjskich. Artykuł przybliża istotę dążeń odśrodkowych na przykładzie Szkocji, której coraz bardziej wyraziste dążenia niepodległościowe – ich apogeum jest zaplanowane na wrzesień referendum niepodległościowe – oznaczać będą istotne zmiany konstytucyjne, stanowiąc poważne wyzwanie dla spójności całego Zjednoczonego Królestwa. W ten sposób uwidacznia się istotny z punktu widzenia spójności kulturowej problem przyszłości tego państwa w obliczu możliwych dalszych zmian terytorialnych.

A antropologia do neoliberalismo se polarizou entre um modelo econômico hegemônico, ancorado por variantes do domínio de mercado, e uma abordagem rebelde, alimentada por derivações da noção foucaultiana de governamentalidade. Ambas as noções dissimulam o que é "neo" no neoliberalismo: a reengenharia e a reestruturação do Estado como a agência principal que estabelece regras e conforma as subjetividades, relações sociais e representações coletivas apropriadas à produção de mercados. Eu desenvolvo o conceito de Bourdieu de "campo burocrático", para propor uma via media entre essas duas abordagens, que concebe o neoliberalismo como uma articulação entre Estado, mercado e cidadania, aparelhando o primeiro para impor a marca do segundo à terceira. Essa concepção repatria a penalidade para o centro da produção de um Estado-centauro, que pratica o laissez-faire no topo da estrutura de classes e o paternalismo punitivo na base. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Neoliberalismo. Governamentalidade. Campo burocrático. Estado penal. Política social. Bourdieu. THREE STEPS TO A HISTORICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF ACTUALLY EXISTING NEOLIBERALISM Loïc Wacquant The anthropology of neoliberalism has become polarized between a hegemonic economic model anchored by variants of market rule and an insurgent approach fueled by derivations of the Foucaultian notion of governmentality. Both conceptions obscure what is "neo" about neoliberalism: the reengineering and redeployment of the state as the agency that sets the rules and fabricates the subjectivities, social relations, and collective representations suited to realizing markets. I develop Bourdieu's concept of "bureaucratic field" to propose a via media between these two approaches that construes neoliberalism as an articulation of state, market, and citizenship that harnesses the first to impose the stamp of the second onto the third. This conception repatriates penality at the core of the production of a Centaurstate that practices laissez-faire at the top of the class structure and punitive paternalism at the bottom. KEYWORDS: Neoliberalism. Governmentality. Bureaucratic field. Penal state. Workfare. BourdieuTROIS PROPOSITIONS POUR UNE ANTHROPOLOGIE HISTORIQUE DU NÉOLIBÉRALISME RÉEL Loïc Wacquant L´anthropologie du néolibéralisme est polarisée entre un modèle économique hégémonique, ancré par la notion d'empire du marché, et une approche rebelle, nourrie par des dérivations de la notion foucaultienne de gouvernementalité. Ces deux conceptions antagonistes convergent en ceci qu'elles dissimulent ce qui est "néo" dans le néolibéralisme: le recalibrage et le redéploiement de l'État comme instance qui fixe des règles et fabrique les subjectivités, les rapports sociaux et les représentations collectives propices à la réalisation des marchés. Je développe le concept de "champ bureaucratique" chez Bourdieu pour frayer une voie moyenne entre ces deux approches qui conçoit le néolibéralisme comme une articulation entre État, marché et citoyenneté qui mobilise le premier terme pour imprimer le second sur le troisième. Cette conception rapatrie la pénalité au coeur de la production d'un État-centaure qui pratique le laissez-faire en haut de la structure de classe et le paternalisme punitif en bas. MOTS-CLEFS: Néoliberalisme. Gouvernementalité. Champ bureaucratique. État pénal. Politique sociale disciplinaire. Bourdieu. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

O objetivo é refletir sobre processos de ambientalização e politização do consumo e do cotidiano, enfatizando o multifacetado campo da alimentação. O artigo se volta para os diferentes usos das práticas de compra de alimentos orgânicos, entendendo os consumidores como atores sociais. A problemática central encontra-se nas seguintes questões: as práticas de compra de alimentos orgânicos são percebidas como forma de ação política? De que forma os consumidores lidam com os discursos e cobranças de responsabilidades pela crise ambiental? Com uma etnografia das práticas de compra de alimentos orgânicos e entrevistas em profundidade, o artigo identifica um aumento da autonomia política individual no encontro das esferas pública e privada no campo do consumo. A compra de orgânicos é percebida como um repertório de ação política romântico-individualista, sendo que essas práticas alimentam pontes com a cidadania, abrindo possibilidades para novos engajamentos coletivos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ambientalização e politização do consumo, cotidiano, práticas de compra, alimentação orgânica.SENSIBILISATION À L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET POLITISATION DE LA CONSOMMATION POUR L'ACHAT DES PRODUITS BIOS Marcelo Castañeda L'objectif visé est de réfléchir aux processus de sensibilisation à l'environnement et de politisation de la consommation dans la vie quotidienne, en mettant l'accent sur les diverses facettes de l'alimentation. L'article traite des différentes habitudes concernant l'achat des aliments biologiques et considère les consommateurs comme des acteurs sociaux. Le problème central tourne autour des questions suivantes: L'achat de produits alimentaires biologiques est-il perçu comme une attitude politique? De quelle manière les consommateurs réagissentils aux discours et aux appels à la responsabilité envers la crise environnementale? Sur la base d'une etnographie des comportements d'achat d'aliments bios et d'interviews approfondies, l'article identifie une croissance de l'autonomie politique individuelle par rapport aux sphères publiques et privées dans le domaine de la consommation. L'achat de produits biologiques est considéré comme un répertoire de l'action politique romantique individuelle. Ces pratiques ouvrent la voie à la citoyenneté et offrent la possibilité d'un engagement collectif. MOTS-CLÉS: sensibilisation à l'environnement et politisation de la consommation, quotidien, pratiques d'achats, alimentation biologique.ENVIROMENTALIZATION AND POLITICIZATION OF CONSUMPTION IN ORGANIC FOOD PURCHASING PRACTICES Marcelo Castañeda This article's main objective is to reflect upon the processes of environmentalization and politicization of consumption in daily life, emphasizing the multisided field of alimentation. The text focuses on different forms of organic food purchasing practices, by considering the consumers as social actors. The main research questions are the following: Are the organic food purchasing practices perceived as a form of political action? How do consumers deal with the environmental discourse and the demand of responsibility regarding the environmental crisis? Through an ethnographic study of the organic food purchasing practices, the article reveals an increasing individual autonomy concerning political choices in the field of consumption, when public and private spheres meet. Organic food purchasing is perceived as part of a repertoire of individualistic romantic political actions, building bridges to citizenship and creating possibilities for new collective actions. KEY-WORDS: environmentalization and politicization of consumption, daily life, purchasing practices, organic food. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh

AbstractTo explain cross‐class spatial relations in 'post‐neoliberal' Buenos Aires, this article develops the notion of microcitizenships, defined as group‐specific quasi‐legal relationships with the local state, entailing both recognition and service provision in order to grant exclusive yet temporary rights to particularized legitimate uses of urban space. This conceptualization contrasts in particular with prominent theorizations of liberal, insurgent and flexible citizenship. Microcitizenships capture the newly fractious, rather than merely fragmented, nature of social rights after the adoption of more inclusive and nationalist discourses in the recovery period following the neoliberal crisis of 2001–02. Argentina has been an icon of both neoliberal and post‐neoliberal globalization, making its capital city ideal for the study of changing forms of belonging in the new political–economic context. Taking three central neighborhoods redeveloped in the neoliberal period (1989–2001) which were landmarks of fragmentation, I find they are now characterized by clashes among groups negotiating very different claims of legitimate presence in the same sites. I use ethnographic and interview‐based evidence to outline three types of conflicting membership: 'excessive', 'weekend' and 'transposable' citizens. All employ post‐neoliberal idioms but invoke legitimizations specifically from disparate geographic scales to stake their claims. Thus, amid inclusionary rhetoric, ironically there are microcitizenships that embody spatio‐temporally circumscribed, precarious and especially fractious forms of belonging in the city. Closing considerations address how this concept resonates with a range of contemporary urban contexts.RésuméCet article explique les rapports spatiaux entre classes dans le Buenos Aires 'post‐néolibéral'. Pour ce faire, il utilise la notion de micro‐citoyennetés, définie comme les relations quasi‐juridiques qu'un groupe spécifique entretient avec l'État local, ce qui suppose à la fois une reconnaissance et la fourniture de services afin que puissent être octroyés des droits exclusifs, mais temporaires, à un usage légitime et particularisé de l'espace urbain. Ce concept diffère notamment des principales théorisations de la citoyenneté libérale, 'insurgée' et 'flexible'. Les micro‐citoyennetés restituent la dissension – plus que la simple fragmentation – qui caractérise les droits sociaux après que des discours prônant l'inclusion et le nationalisme ont été adoptés lors du redressement qui a suivi la crise du néolibéralisme de 2001–2002. L'Argentine a été une icône de la mondialisation néolibérale et post‐néolibérale, faisant de sa capitale un cas idéal pour étudier les formes évolutives d'appartenance dans le nouveau contexte politico‐économique. L'étude de trois quartiers du centre, réaménagés et symboliques de la fragmentation à l'époque néolibérale (1989–2001), révèle qu'ils se caractérisent à présent par des heurts entre groupes négociant des revendications très différentes d'une présence légitime dans des lieux identiques. Des éléments ethnographiques et issus d'entretiens permettent de déterminer trois types d'appartenance antagonistes: citoyens 'sans bornes', 'pour le week‐end' et 'transposables'. Tous sont de style post‐néolibéral, mais invoquent des échelons géographiques différents pour justifier leur légitimité et leurs demandes. Ainsi, au milieu d'une rhétorique d'inclusion, on trouve paradoxalement des micro‐citoyennetés qui incarnent des formes d'appartenance à la ville qui sont à la fois circonscrites sur un plan spatio‐temporel, précaires et particulièrement acrimonieuses. Pour finir, sont abordées les manières dont ce concept s'accorde avec divers contextes urbains contemporains.

Abstract. An exponential improvement of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models was observed during the last decade (Lynch, 2008). Civil Protection (CP) systems exploited Meteo services in order to redeploy their actions towards the prediction and prevention of events rather than towards an exclusively response-oriented mechanism1. Nevertheless, experience tells us that NWP models, even if assisted by real time observations, are far from being deterministic. Complications frequently emerge in medium to long range forecasting, which are subject to sudden modifications. On the other hand, short term forecasts, if seen through the lens of criminal trials2, are to the same extent, scarcely reliable (Molini et al., 2009). One particular episode related with wrong forecasts, in the Italian panorama, has deeply frightened CP operators as the NWP model in force missed a meteorological adversity which, in fact, caused death and dealt severe damage in the province of Vibo Valentia (2006). This event turned into a very discussed trial, lasting over three years, and intended against whom assumed the legal position of guardianship within the CP. A first set of data is now available showing that in concomitance with the trial of Vibo Valentia the number of alerts issued raised almost three folds. We sustain the hypothesis that the beginning of the process of overcriminalization (Husak, 2008) of CPs is currently increasing the number of false alerts with the consequent effect of weakening alert perception and response by the citizenship (Brezntiz, 1984). The common misunderstanding of such an issue, i.e. the inherent uncertainty in weather predictions, mainly by prosecutors and judges, and generally by whom deals with law and justice, is creating the basis for a defensive behaviour3 within CPs. This paper intends, thus, to analyse the social and legal relevance of uncertainty in the process of issuing meteo-hydrological alerts by CPs. Footnotes: 1 The Italian Civil Protection is working in this direction since 1992 (L. 225/92). An example of this effort is clearly given by the Prime Minister Decree (DPCM 20/12/2001 "Linee guida relative ai piani regionali per la programmazione delle attivita' di previsione, prevenzione e lotta attiva contro gli incendi boschivi – Guidelines for regional plans for the planning of prediction, prevention and forest fires fighting activities") that, already in 2001, emphasized "the most appropriate approach to pursue the preservation of forests is to promote and encourage prediction and prevention activities rather than giving priority to the emergency-phase focused on fire-fighting". 2 Supreme Court of the United States, In re Winship (No. 778), No. 778 argued: 20 January 1970, decided: 31 March 1970: Proof beyond a reasonable doubt, which is required by the Due Process Clause in criminal trials, is among the "essentials of due process and fair treatment" 3 In Kessler and McClellan (1996): "Defensive medicine is a potentially serious social problem: if fear of liability drives health care providers to administer treatments that do not have worthwhile medical benefits, then the current liability system may generate inefficiencies much larger than the costs of compensating malpractice claimants".

The Atlantic World, 1450-2000, edited by Toyin Falola & Kevin D. Roberts (reviewed by Aaron Spencer Fogleman) The Slave Ship: A Human History, by Marcus Rediker (reviewed by Justin Roberts) Extending the Frontiers: Essays on the New Transatlantic Slave Trade Database, edited by David Eltis & David Richardson (reviewed by Joseph C. Miller) "New Negroes from Africa": Slave Trade Abolition and Free African Settlement in the Nineteenth-Century Caribbean, by Rosanne Marion Adderley (reviewed by Nicolette Bethel) Atlantic Diasporas: Jews, Conversos, and Crypto-Jews in the Age of Mercantilism, 1500-1800, edited by Richard L. Kagan & Philip D. Morgan (reviewed by Jonathan Schorsch) Brother's Keeper: The United States, Race, and Empire in the British Caribbean, 1937-1962, by Jason C. Parker (reviewed by Charlie Whitham) Labour and the Multiracial Project in the Caribbean: Its History and Promise, by Sara Abraham (reviewed by Douglas Midgett) Envisioning Caribbean Futures: Jamaican Perspectives, by Brian Meeks (reviewed by Gina Athena Ulysse) Archibald Monteath: Igbo, Jamaican, Moravian, by Maureen Warner-Lewis (reviewed by Jon Sensbach) Left of Karl Marx: The Political Life of Black Communist Claudia Jones, by Carole Boyce Davies (reviewed by Linden Lewis) Displacements and Transformations in Caribbean Cultures, edited by Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert & Ivette Romero-Cesareo (reviewed by Bill Maurer) Caribbean Migration to Western Europe and the United States: Essays on Incorporation, Identity, and Citizenship, edited by Margarita Cervantes-Rodríguez, Ramón Grosfoguel & Eric Mielants (reviewed by Gert Oostindie) Home Cooking in the Global Village: Caribbean Food from Buccaneers to Ecotourists, by Richard Wilk (reviewed by William H. Fisher) Dead Man in Paradise: Unraveling a Murder from a Time of Revolution, by J.B. MacKinnon (reviewed by Edward Paulino) Tropical Zion: General Trujillo, FDR, and the Jews of Sosúa, by Allen Wells (reviewed by Michael R. Hall) Downtown Ladies: Informal Commercial Importers, a Haitian Anthropologist, and Self-Making in Jamaica, by Gina A. Ulysse (reviewed by Jean Besson) Une ethnologue à Port-au-Prince: Question de couleur et luttes pour le classement socio-racial dans la capitale haïtienne, by Natacha Giafferi-Dombre (reviewed by Catherine Benoît) Haitian Vodou: Spirit, Myth, and Reality, edited by Patrick Bellegarde-Smith & Claudine Michel (reviewed by Susan Kwosek) Cuba: Religion, Social Capital, and Development, by Adrian H. Hearn (reviewed by Nadine Fernandez) "Mek Some Noise": Gospel Music and the Ethics of Style in Trinidad, by Timothy Rommen (reviewed by Daniel A. Segal)Routes and Roots: Navigating Caribbean and Pacific Island Literatures, by Elizabeth M. DeLoughrey (reviewed by Anthony Carrigan) Claude McKay, Code Name Sasha: Queer Black Marxism and the Harlem Renaissance, by Gary Edward Holcomb (reviewed by Brent Hayes Edwards) The Sense of Community in French Caribbean Fiction, by Celia Britton (reviewed by J. Michael Dash) Imaging the Chinese in Cuban Literature and Culture, by Ignacio López-Calvo (reviewed by Stephen Wilkinson) Pre-Columbian Jamaica, by P. Allsworth-Jones (reviewed by William F. Keegan) Underwater and Maritime Archaeology in Latin America and the Caribbean, edited by Margaret E. Leshikar-Denton & Pilar Luna Erreguerena (reviewed by Erika Laanela)

The Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe was signed by the heads of government of the 25 European Union member states and three candidate states on 29 October 2004. The Treaty in effect is the proposed constitution, a long and elaborate document comprising 448 Articles (grouped into four Parts, with additional divisions into Titles, Chapters, and Sections, but numbered consecutively throughout) and 29 Protocols—annexes to the Treaty. Five articles and four protocols are concerned with issues of border control, immigration, and asylum policy. The articles are found in the chapter titled Area of Freedom, Security and Justice in Part III of the Treaty (The Policies and Functioning of the Union). These are reproduced below, along with one of the protocols (number 21). (Of the other protocols concerned with migration, one adds to the Treaty the provisions of the Schengen Acquis, the agreement among all EU members except the United Kingdom and Ireland, plus the non‐EU states Norway and Iceland, to eliminate border controls at their common frontiers, and requires acceptance of the Acquis by any new member. Two other protocols set out reservations on the part of the UK and Ireland on border control and asylum matters—basically, an "opt‐in" stance, allowing their participation in Treaty provisions on a case‐by‐case basis.)The constitution is highly detailed in scope but often vague in content, merely specifying topics on which policies will be developed or laws enacted. Thus the "common immigration policy" that is signaled in Article III‐267 is yet to be shaped, and the Treaty offers few hints of what it may look like. A reluctance on the part of member states to cede sovereignty in the area of immigration is not limited to the British Isles. It is seen also in the retained right of all members to restrict non‐EU labor migrants (Article III‐267, Para. 5) and to conclude bilateral agreements on border crossing with non‐EU states (Protocol 21). It is notable that the Treaty, while stressing that all nationals of member states are citizens of the Union with the right "to move and reside freely" within its territory, does not attempt to harmonize conditions or procedures under which migrants can acquire citizenship: indeed, it says nothing at all on the matter. (A "framework law," mentioned at various points in the text, is a law that prescribes the result to be achieved but leaves to each member state "the choice of form and methods.")Actual adoption of the constitution requires ratification by the governments of all EU members. If this demanding hurdle is passed (requiring parliamentary approval or, in some cases, a referendum), the constitution would come into force on 1 November 2006—or after the final ratification, if later. Under Article IV‐443, if the treaty is ratified by four‐fifths of members within the two years but is rejected by one or more states, "the matter shall be referred to the European Council"—the quarterly summit meeting of heads of government.

Books reviewed:Sally, Graham, (ed.) A Man about Town: The Letters of James Graham, Victorian Entrepreneur 1854‐1864Pamela, Jeanne Fulton, (ed.) The Minerva Journal of John Washington Price: A Voyage from Cork, Ireland, to Sydney, New South Wales, 1798‐1800Susan, Lawrence, Dolly's Creek: An Archaeology of a Victorian Goldfields CommunityDon, Garden, Theodore Fink. A Talent for UbiquityJohn, Ritchie, (ed.) Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 15. 1940‐1980. Kem‐PieKay, Saunders and Roger, Daniels, (eds) Alien Justice. Wartime Internment in Australia and North AmericaMark, Johnston, Fighting the Enemy: Australian Soldiers and their Adversaries in World War IIFrank, Bongiorno, The People's Party: Victorian Labor and the Radical TraditionBrian, Costar and Nicholas, Economou, (eds) The Kennett Revolution. Victorian Politics in the 1990sMichael, Thompson, Labor Without Class: The Gentrification of the Labor PartyIan, Hancock, National and Permanent? The Federal Organisation of the Liberal Party of Australia 1944‐1965Ian, Cook, Liberalism in AustraliaJohn, Chesterman and Brian, Galligan, (eds) Defining Australian Citizenship: Selected DocumentsSue, Richardson, (ed.) Reshaping the Labour Market: Regulation, Efficiency and Equality in AustraliaS., Bell, (ed.) The Unemployment Crisis in Australia: Which Way Out?Bain, Attwood and Andrew, Markus, The Struggle for Aboriginal Rights: A Documentary HistoryTony, Coady (ed.) Why Universities MatterJohn, Wiseman, Global Nation? Australia and the Politics of GlobalisationDonald, Denoon, (ed.) with Stewart, Firth; Jocelyn, Linnekin; Malama, Meleisea and Karen, Nero, The Cambridge History of the Pacific IslandersRichard, Price British Society, 1680‐1880: Dynamism, Containment and ChangeKathleen, Wilson, The Sense of the People: Politics, Culture and Imperialism in England, 1715‐1785John, Brewer and Eckhart, Hellmuth, (eds) Rethinking Leviathan: The Eighteenth‐Century State in Britain and GermanyJörn, Rüsen, (ed.) Westliches Geschichtsdenken. Eine interkulturelle DebatteJohn B., Hattendorf, (ed.), with a foreword by Paul Kennedy Naval Strategy and Policy in the Mediterranean. Past, Present and FutureJean‐Claude, Favez,, (eds and trans by John and Beryl Fletcher) The Red Cross and the HolocaustIstván, Deák; Jan T., Gross and Tony, Judt, (eds) The Politics of Retribution in Europe: World War II and its AftermathPeter, Grose, Operation Rollback: America's Secret War Behind the Iron CurtainHira, Sing, (foreword by André Béteille) Colonial Hegemony and Popular Resistance. Princes, Peasants and Paramount PowerMartin, Doornbos and Sudipta, Kaviraj, Dynamics of State Formation, India and Europe Compared. Indo‐Dutch Studies on Development Alternatives, 19Marie‐Claire, Bergère, (Janet Lloyd trans) Sun Yat‐SenSherman, Cochran, (ed.) Inventing Nanjing Road: Commercial Culture in Shanghai, 1900‐1945Frederick C., Teiwes with Warren, Sun, China's Road to Disaster, Mao, Central Politicians, and Provincial Leaders in the Unfolding of the Great Leap Forward 1955‐1959Richard J., Aldrich, Intelligence and the War against Japan: Britain, America and the Politics of Secret ServiceDr Maung, Maung, The 1988 Uprising in Burma. Monograph 49Manoranjan, Mohanty and Partha, Math Mukherji with Olle, Törnquist, (eds) People's Rights: Social Movements and the State in the Third WorldDiane B., Paul, The Politics of Heredity: Essays on Eugenics, Biomedicine and the Nature‐Nurture DebateJoseph, Hamburger, John Stuart Mill on Liberty and ControlApril, Carter and Geoffrey, Stokes, (eds) Liberal Democracy and its Critics: Perspectives in Contemporary Political ThoughtJudith N., Shklar, (ed. by Stanley Hoffmann and Dennis F. Thompson) Redeeming American Political ThoughtJennifer, Platt, A History of Sociological Research Methods in America: 1920‐1960

Books reviewed:Behrend, Heike & Ute Luig (eds). Spirit possession: modernity and power in Africa.Deloache, Judy & Alma Gottlieb (eds). A world of babies: imagined childcare guides for seven societies.Krause, Inge‐Britt. Therapy across culturesLewis, Gilbert. A failure of treatmentGeneralBeaglehole, J.C. (ed.). The journals of Captain James Cook on his voyages of discoveryCharlesworth, Simon J. A phenomenology of working class experienceCrowe, Ivan. The quest for food: its role in human evolution and migration.Gates, Hill. Looking for Chengdu: a woman's adventures in China.Gorkin, Michael, Marta Pineda & Gloria Leal. From grandmother to granddaughter: Salvadoran women's stories.Kroeber, Paul D. The Salish language family: reconstructing syntax (Stud. Anthrop. Nth Amer. Indians).Lee, Gaylen D. Walking where we lived: memoirs of a Mono Indian family.Okano, Kaori & Motonori Tsuchiya. Education in contemporary Japan: inequality and diversity (Contemp. Jap. Soc. Ser.).Rheubottom, David. Age, marriage, and politics in fifteenth‐century Ragusa (Oxford Stud. social cult. Anthrop.).Smith, Shawn Michelle. American archives: gender, race, and class in visual culture.Southall, Aidan. The city in time and space.Weinberger‐Thomas, Catherine. Ashes of immortality: widow‐burning in India.White, Luise. Speaking with vampires: rumor and history in colonial Africa (Stud. Hist. Soc. Cult.).Wolfe, Patrick. Settler colonialism and the transformation of anthropology: the politics and poetics of an ethnographic event (Writing past Colonialism Ser.).ReligionKanafani‐zahar, Aïda. Le mouton et le mûrier: rituel du sacrifice dans la montagne libanaise (Coll. Ethnol.‐Controverses).Rappaport, Roy A. Ritual and religion in the making of humanity (Cambridge Stud. soc. cult. Anthrop.).Sundkler, Bengt & Christopher Steed. A history of the church in Africa (Studia Missionalia Upsaliensia 74).Taves, Ann. Fits, trances and visions: experiencing religion and explaining experience from Wesley to James.Viswanathan, G. Outside the fold: conversion, modernity, and belief.Economic Anthropology & DevelopmentAbeyratne, Sirimal. Economic change and political conflict in developing countries: with special reference to Sri LankaArce, Alberto & Norman Long (eds). Anthropology, development and modernities: exploring discourses, counter‐tendencies and violence.Berkes, Fikret & Carl Folke (eds). Linking social and ecological systems: management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience.Jeffery, Roger & Nandini Sundar (eds). A new moral economy for Indian forests? Discourses of community and participation.Sillitoe, Paul. Social change in Melanesia: development and history.Dahl, Jens. Saqqaq: an Inuit hunting community in the modern world.Social AnthropologyEdwards, Jeanette. Born and bred: idioms of kinship and new reproductive technologies in England (Oxford Stud. soc. cult. Anthrop.).Gao, Mobo C.F. Gao village: rural life in modern China.Gould, Sydney H. A new system for the formal analysis of kinship.James, Deborah. Songs of the women migrants: performance and identity in South Africa (Internat. African Library).Lassiter, Luke E. The power of kiowa song.Lee, Richard B. & Richard Daly (eds). The Cambridge encyclopedia of hunters and gatherers.Miller, Daniel & Don Slater. The Internet: an ethnographic approach.Ong, Aihwa. Flexible citizenship: the cultural logics of transnationality.de Pina‐cabral, João & Antónia Pedroso de Lima (eds). Elites: choice, leadership and succession.Sluka, Jeffrey A. (ed.). Death squad: the anthropology of state terror (Ethnogr. polit. Violence).Widlok, Thomas. Living on mangetti: 'Bushman' autonomy and Namibian independence (Oxford Stud. soc. cult. Anthrop.).Wilmsen, Edwin N. Journeys with fliesYoung, Antonia. Women who become men: Albanian sworn virgins (Dress, Body, Culture).

The social sciences have generally ignored the motor car and its awesome consequences for social life, especially in their analysis of the urban. Urban studies in particular has failed to consider the overwhelming impact of the automobile in transforming the time‐space 'scapes' of the modern urban/suburban dweller. Focusing on forms of mobility into, across and through the city, we consider how the car reconfigures urban life, involving distinct ways of dwelling, travelling and socializing in, and through, an automobilized time‐space. We trace urban sociology's paradoxical resistance to cultures of mobility, and argue that civil society should be reconceptualized as a 'civil society of automobility'. We then explore how automobility makes instantaneous time and the negotiation of extensive space central to how social life is configured. As people dwell in and socially interact through their cars, they become hyphenated car‐drivers: at home in movement, transcending distance to complete a series of activities within fragmented moments of time. Urban social life has always entailed various mobilities but the car transforms these in a distinct combination of flexibility and coercion. Automobility is a complex amalgam of interlocking machines, social practices and ways of dwelling which have reshaped citizenship and the public sphere via the mobilization of modern civil societies. In the conclusion we trace a vision of an evolved automobility for the cities of tomorrow in which public space might again be made 'public'.Les sciences sociales ignorent généralement la voiture et ses conséquences impressionnantes sur la vie sociale, notamment dans le domaine urbain. En effet, les études urbaines ont négligé la spectaculaire incidence de l'automobile dans la transformation des 'paysages' spatio‐temporels que connaît l'habitant des villes et des banlieues d'aujourd'hui. En s'attachant aux formes de mobilité dans, à travers et d'un bout à l'autre de la ville, nos travaux observent de quelle manière la voiture reconfigure la vie urbaine, impliquant des modes d'habitat, de déplacement et de socialisation distincts dans et à travers un espace‐temps 'automobilisé'. Notre recherche montre la résistance paradoxale de la sociologie urbaine à l'égard des cultures de mobilité, en suggérant une reconceptualisation de la société civile en tant que 'société civile de mobilité automobile'. L'article explore ensuite comment, du fait de cette mobilité, l'instantanéité et la négociation d'un espace étendu deviennent essentiels dans la configuration de la vie sociale. Les individus habitant dans leur voiture et vivant des interactions sociales au‐travers de celle‐ci, ils se transforment en conducteurs automobiles par nature: étant chez eux en déplacement et transcendant la distance pour réaliser un enchaînement d'activités dans un cadre temporel fragmenté. La vie sociale urbaine a toujours englobé des mobilités variées, mais la voiture transforme celles‐ci en une combinaison particulière de flexibilité et de contrainte. La mobilité automobile est un amalgame complexe de machines imbriquées, de pratiques sociales et de modes d'habitat qui ont refa??onné la citoyenneté et la sphère publique via la mobilisation des sociétés civiles modernes. En conclusion, l'article décrit une vision d'une mobilité automobile évoluée pour les villes de demain où l'espace public pourrait redevenir 'public'

Die Corona-Pandemie hat auch für die Kommunalstatistik neue Herausforderung gebracht. In dem Beitrag werden Daten zur Corona-Inzidenz in der Stadt Offenbach nach verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten untersucht. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf der Analyse der Infektionsdynamik nach der Staatsangehörigkeit. Es zeigt sich, dass Nicht-Deutsche eine zum Teil deutlich höhere Inzidenz aufweisen als der Durchschnitt der Bevölkerung, dass es aber zugleich große Unterschiede bei den einzelnen Nationalitäten gibt. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, ob sich in den Daten Hinweise auf kulturelle Einflussfaktoren auf das Infektionsgeschehen gibt.