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The discovery in neurology that the two sides of the brain think in distinct ways that are both opposed to each other and complementary might have consequences in a number of academic disciplines, and in philosophy and political consciousness as well. It is the purpose of this paper to apply concepts from the brain theory to an analysis of the rational foundations of scientific inquiry. To pursue this argument, it is nnecessary to take a position on the side of materialism or idealism, although the theory certainly is related to that issue. And it should be made clear, at the outset, that we see no possibility that the explanation of ideas can be reduced to a physical theory such as physics. ; http://web.ku.edu/~starjrnl

The articles collected in this book provide much of the technical material behind the work that was presented in 'The Human Factor', and the commentaries by Alex Kirlik situate these articles in their broader historical, scientific and ethical context

Cocaine poses interesting problems for neurophysiologists and neuropharmacologists and there is important new data on the effects of cocaine on the brain (its initial site of action at the cellular level now appearing to be the dopamine transporter). Includes chapters on the far-reaching toxic effects of cocaine, on the epidemiology and the economics of drug addiction, on the past and present use of cocaine in the U.S. and in South America, and on the moral issues raised by drug use and abuse

Philosophers of science have long used reconstructive reasoning to develop historical explanations covering the origins of natural phenomenon. The application of the scientific method is a powerful tool for solving crimes through reconstruction of the events. Scientific Foundations of Crime Scene Reconstruction: Introducing Method to Mayhem demonstrates how to use the scientific method and exercise the critical thinking that is essential for the development of sound data and the construction of reliable explanations. Provides a clear yet rigorous account of the scientific method accessible to

The normal approach to the study of the foundations of psychoanalysis is to focus on Sigmund Freud's classical texts. In this book, however, Vesa Talvitie approaches the issue from the perspective of the foundations of behavioural sciences in general. He studies the nature of psychological terms and explanations, and the relation between neuroscience and psychology. Due to the wide perspective, the author is able to create a fresh view to the stubborn debate concerning the scientific status of psychoanalysis.The author shows that both advocates and critics of psychoanalysis have a tendency to misconstrue the nature of psychoanalytic theorizing, and thus have had unrealistic expectations of psychoanalytic explanations. The book tries to differentiate between those aspects of psychoanalysis which should be considered scientific, and those aspects of psychotherapies in general which should not come into the scientific category. This books will be found to be a valuable contribution to the field of psychoanalytic studies.

Chosen for the 2011 ASLI Choice - Honorable Mention (History Category) for a compendium of the key scientific papers that undergird the global warming forecast.Global warming is arguably the defining scientific issue of modern times, but it is not widely appreciated that the foundations of our understanding were laid almost two centuries ago with the postulation of a greenhouse effect by Fourier in 1827. The sensitivity of climate to changes in atmospheric CO2 was first estimated about one century ago, and the rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration was discovered half a century ago. The fundamentals of the science underlying the forecast for human-induced climate change were being published and debated long before the issue rose to public prominence in the last few decades.The Warming Papersis a compendium of the classic scientific papers that constitute the foundation of the global warming forecast. The paper trail ranges from Fourier and Arrhenius in the 19th Century to Manabe and Hansen in modern times. Archer and Pierrehumbert provide introductions and commentary which places the papers in their context and provide students with tools to develop and extend their understanding of the subject.The book captures the excitement and the uncertainty that always exist at the cutting edge of research, and is invaluable reading for students of climate science, scientists, historians of science, and others interested in climate change.

The principle of conferral tames the EU competence to regulate research in a comprehensive manner, yet furthering research is one of its aspirations. Data protection, however, is an area within which the EU has legislated extensively. During the development of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), an important issue to tackle was how to balance the ambitious EU aspirations and differing stakeholder interests, on the one hand, with limited competences in research regulation, on the other, and how to determine the extent to which data protection could be used as a means to further scientific research in the EU legal order. The outcome is the GDPR multifaceted research regime that sets forth EU policy and opens up for further regulations from the Member States as well as the EU. The research regime that the GDPR has created poses numerous questions. Key among these is, what are the implications of the operationalisation of Article 89 GDPR in biobanking? This chapter sets out some of the underlying tensions in the area and pins down key conceptual foundations for the book. It provides insights into the EU's interests in the area of biobanking and maps out central elements of the research regime that has been built within the GDPR. Thereafter, it analyses the key concepts used in the book, including biobank and biobanking, scientific research as undertaken under the GDPR, individual rights and public interest. Lastly, it shares some preliminary reflections as starting points for the analysis to come.

The principle of conferral tames the EU competence to regulate research in a comprehensive manner, yet furthering research is one of its aspirations. Data protection, however, is an area within which the EU has legislated extensively. During the development of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), an important issue to tackle was how to balance the ambitious EU aspirations and differing stakeholder interests, on the one hand, with limited competences in research regulation, on the other, and how to determine the extent to which data protection could be used as a means to further scientific research in the EU legal order. The outcome is the GDPR multifaceted research regime that sets forth EU policy and opens up for further regulations from the Member States as well as the EU. The research regime that the GDPR has created poses numerous questions. Key among these is, what are the implications of the operationalisation of Article 89 GDPR in biobanking? This chapter sets out some of the underlying tensions in the area and pins down key conceptual foundations for the book. It provides insights into the EU's interests in the area of biobanking and maps out central elements of the research regime that has been built within the GDPR. Thereafter, it analyses the key concepts used in the book, including biobank and biobanking, scientific research as undertaken under the GDPR, individual rights and public interest. Lastly, it shares some preliminary reflections as starting points for the analysis to come.

Part A: Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance -- Chapter 1 - Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance - Why, What and How (Yannis Charalabidis,Zoi Lachana, Charalampos Alexopoulos).-Chapter 2 - Digital governance as a scientific concept (Tove Engvall, Leif Skiftenes Flak) -- Chapter 3 - Digital Government Research: A Diverse Domain (Hans J. Scholl) -- Chapter 4 - On the Structure of the Digital Governance Domain ( Zoi Lachana, Yannis Charalabidis, Panagiotis Keramidis) -- Chapter 5 - Digital Governance education: Survey of the programs and curricula ( Demetrios Sarantis, Soumaya Ben Dhaou, Charalampos Alexopoulos, Alexander Ronzhyn, Francesco Mureddu) -- Chapter 6 - Discussing the Foundations for Interpretivist Digital Government Research (Keegan McBride, Yuri Misnikov, Dirk Draheim) -- Part B: Digital Governance Problem and Solution Space -- Chapter 7 - Understanding Digital Transformation in Government( Frank Danielsen, Leif Skiftenes Flak, Øystein Sæbø),- Chapter 8 - A Public Value Impact Assessment Framework for Digital Governance (Anne Fleur van Veenstra, Tjerk Timan) -- Chapter 9 - Fostering a data-centric public administration: strategies, policy models and technologies ( Francesco Mureddu, David Osimo, Angeles Kenny, Matthew Upson, Vassilios Peristeras) -- Chapter 10 - A Methodology for Evaluating and Improving Digital Governance Systems Based on Information Systems Success Models and Public Value Theory (Euripidis Loukis) -- Chapter 11 - Understanding the impact of public policy context on the implementation orientation for the digital transformation of interoperable public services (Raul M. Abril) -- Joep Crompvoets) -- Chapter 12 - Agent Based Modeling in Digital Governance Research: A Review and Future Research Directions ( Prakash C. Sukhwal, Atreyi Kankanhalli) -- Part C: Perspectives and Future Research Directions for Digital Governance -- Chapter 13 - Government 3.0: Scenarios and Roadmap of Research ( Alexander Ronzhyn, Maria A. Wimmer) -- Chapter 14 - Building Digital Governance Competencies: Baseline for a Curriculum and Master Programme (Gabriela Viale Pereira, Alexander Ronzhyn, Maria A. Wimmer) -- Chapter 15 - E-Justice: A Review and Agenda for Future Research ( Nilay Yavuz, Naci Karkın, Mete Yıldız) -- Chapter 16 - Digitalisation and Developing a Participatory Culture: Participation, Co-production, Co-destruction ( Noella Edelmann ).