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"Dieses Papier untersucht den institutionellen Wandel des internationalen Steuerregimes
in Reaktion auf eine zunehmende Politisierung internationaler Steuerangelegenheiten.
Gesellschaftliche Politisierung, die im Bereich der internationalen Besteuerung
ein sehr junges Phänomen ist, hat ihre Ursache in einer Governancelücke. Das traditionelle
institutionelle Arrangement zur Vermeidung von internationaler Doppelbesteuerung
hat nicht-intendierte Nebenfolgen in der Form von schädlichem und unfairem
Steuerwettbewerb. Als Reaktion auf dieses Problem haben zivilgesellschaftliche
Akteure den Mangel an Effektivität und Fairness skandalisiert. Sie versuchen nationale
Regierungen und internationale Organisationen zu mehr internationaler Regulierung
des Steuerwettbewerbs anzutreiben. Anders als in Teilen der Literatur angenommen
wird, ist die gesellschaftliche Politisierung nicht das Resultat eines Zuwachses an
politischem Einfluss von nicht ausreichend legitimierten internationalen Institutionen,
sondern sie thematisiert im Gegenteil den Mangel an effektiven internationalen
Institutionen. Die zivilgesellschaftlichen Forderungen haben bisher nicht zu institutionellen
Reformen geführt. Stattdessen lässt sich lediglich indirekter und inkrementeller
Wandel beobachten, der nicht ausreichend ist, um das Problem schädlichen Steuerwettbewerbs
zu lösen." (Autorenreferat)

This text provides an introduction to key aspects of contemporary international relations, examining such important issues as the nature of international relations since 1945, war, security and intervention, and problems of sovereignty.

This paper conceptualizes the phenomenon of revenge in international politics and seeks to specify the conditions that increase or diminish the tendency of states to take revenge against enemies. We situate the discussion of revenge within the broader context of emotions in IR. We argue that whether or not a state will take revenge depends on the combinations of three interrelated and mutually constitutive variables: (1) the degree to which a state emotionally experiences harm against it as morally outrageous, (2) the extent of humiliation the harmed state feels, and (3) the degree to which international retaliation is institutionalized by rules and laws that govern the use of cross-border force. We examine the Second Lebanon War (July 2006) as a case of revenge in international politics. Adapted from the source document.

International Strategic Alliance is the combination of two or more firm future objective, which achieved by together practices of the MNCs. The term "strategic alliance" can means many things. In its broadest sense, it can apply to virtually any of collaboration between two or more firms, including one or more of the following activities: design contracts; technology transfer agreements; joint product development; distribution agreement; marketing and promotional collaboration; intellectual advice.

Intro -- Contents -- Greeting from the Rector by Yehuda Elkana -- Acknowledgments -- Tibor Varady-Introduction by Editors -- John J. Barcelo III. Expanded Judicial Review of Awards After Hall Street and in Comparative Perspective -- David J. Bederman. Tibor Várady's Advocacy Before the International Court of Justice -- Peter Behrens. From "Real Seat" to "Legal Seat": Germany's Private International Company Law Revolution -- Laszlo Burian. The Impact of Community Law on the Determination of the Personal Law of Companies -- Richard M. Buxbaum. Public Law, Ordre Public and Arbitration: A Procedural Scenario and a Suggestion -- Richard D. Freer. Forging American Arbitration Policy: Judicial Interpretation of the Federal Arbitration Act -- Guy Haarscher. The Decline of Free Thinking -- Attila Harmathy. Questions of Arbitration and the Case Law of the European Court of Justice -- Peter Hay. Recognition of a Recognition Judgment Within the European Union: "Double Exequatur" and the Public Policy Barrier -- Laszlo Kecskes. European Union Legislation and Private International Law: A View from Hungary -- Janos Kis: Constitutional Democracy: Outline of a Defense -- Ferenc Madl. The European Dream and its Evolution in the Architecture of the Treaties of Integration -- Vladimir Pavic. 'Non-Signatories' and the Long Arm of Arbitral Jurisdiction -- Hans-Eric Rasmussen-Bonne. The Pendulum Swings Back: The Cooperative Approach of German Courts to International Service of Process -- Kurt Siehr. Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit über Kulturgutstreitigkeiten -- Lajos Vekas. About the Rome II Regulation: The European Unification of the Conflict Rules to Torts -- Johan D. van der Vyver. The United States and the Jurisprudence of International Tribunals -- Bibliography of Tibor Varady -- List of Authors.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- Part I History of Environmental Governance -- 1 Paolo Contini and Peter H. Sand (1972), 'Methods to Expedite Environment Protection: International Ecostandards', The American Journal of International Law, 66, pp. 37-59 -- 2 Maurice F. Strong (1973), 'One Year after Stockholm: An Ecological Approach to Management', Foreign Affairs, 51, pp. 690-707 -- Part II Nature of Environmental Governance Problem -- 3 Garrett Hardin (1968), 'The Tragedy of the Commons', Science, 162, pp. 1243-8 -- 4 Thomas Dietz, Elinor Ostrom and Paul C. Stern (2003), 'The Struggle to Govern the Commons: Tragedy of the Commons', Science, 302, pp. 1907-12 -- 5 Martin W. Holdgate (1982), 'The Environmental Information Needs of the Decision-Maker', Nature and Resources, 18, pp. 5-10 -- Part III Realism and Power Politics -- 6 Kenneth N. Waltz (1979), 'The Management of International Affairs', in Kenneth N. Waltz, Theory of International Politics, New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 194-210 -- 210a, 210b -- Part IV Institutional Bargaining -- 7 Oran R. Young (1989), 'The Politics of International Regime Formation: Managing Natural Resources and the Environment', International Organization, 43, pp. 349-75 -- 8 Marc A. Levy, Peter M. Haas and Robert O. Keohane (1992), 'Institutions for the Earth: Promoting International Environmental Protection', Environment, 34, pp. 12-7 -- 29-36 -- 9 Detlef Sprinz and Tapani Vaahtoranta (1994), 'The Interest-Based Explanation of International Environmental Policy', International Organization, 48, pp. 77-105 -- 10 George W. Downs (2000), 'Constructing Effective Environmental Regimes', Annual Review of Political Science, 3, pp. 25-42 -- Part V Scientific Governance

Hafner-Burton, E. ; Von Stein, J. ; Gartzke, E.: International organizations count. - S. 175-188 Dorussen, H. ; Ward, H.: International organizations and the Kantian peace: a network perspective. - S. 189-212 Hafner-Burton, E. ; Montgomery, A.: Power or plenty: how do international trade institutions affect economic sanctions? - S. 213-242 Von Stein, J.: The international law and politics of climate change: ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention and the Kyoto Protocol. - S. 243-268 Mansfield, E. D. ; Pevehouse, J. C.: Democratization and the varieties of international organizations. - S. 269-294 Hansen, H. E. ; McLaughlin Mitchell, S. ; Nemeth, S. C.: IO mediation of interstate conflicts: moving beyond the global versus regional dichotomy. - S. 295-325 Snidal, D.: Commentary on the special issue. - S. 326-333 Milner, H. V.: Commentary on the special issue. - S. 334-337