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In Foundations of Governance, experts from each of Canada's provinces come together to assess the extent to which municipal governments have the capacity to act autonomously, purposefully, and collaboratively in the intergovernmental arena.

For effective program evaluation, it is necessary to specify a counterfactual state, i.e., what would have happened without the program. Conventional approaches to program evaluation, preoccupied with technical and value issues, fail to address directly the need for counterfactual arguments. They also fail to recognize the indispensable role of positive theories of technical and behavioral processes in making these arguments. In order to understand the impact of the General Revenue Sharing (GRS) program on the fiscal behavior of municipal governments, Patrick Larkey develops and demonstrates an unconventional approach to program evaluation that overcomes these failures.Drawing on the positive theories of budgetary decisionmaking processes as well as longitudinal revenue and expenditure data from primary sources, the author specifies, estimates, and tests four "bureaucratic process" models for each of five city governments receiving GRS funds. Using these models to generate complex, counterfactual hypotheses, he then compares the counterfactual patterns with observed patterns to understand the fiscal effects of GRS.Originally published in 1979.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905

Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Introduction: Thinking Globally and Acting Locally-Exploring the Relationships Between Community, Archaeological Heritage, and Local Government -- Introduction -- Urban Archaeology Versus Municipal Archaeology -- The Focus of This Book -- The Case Studies in the Book -- Section I -- Section II -- Conclusion -- References -- The Challenges and Accomplishments of Local Government Archaeology Programs in the Commonwealth of Nations -- 2 Planning Archaeology in World Cities: Looking at London -- Introduction -- A Brief Introduction to Greater London -- Archaeology and Planning -- The Background of London's Archaeology -- Part I: An Issue of Access and Funding -- Part II: The Rescue Movement and the Setting up of Archaeological Units -- Part III: A Change in the Organisational Landscape -- London's Archaeology Today -- An Archaeological Archive -- Roles, Partnerships and Communities -- Concluding Discussion: Why It Works, or Does It? -- References -- 3 Preservation, Participation and the Pursuit of Knowledge: Strategic Policy and Archaeological Practice Within the City of York 1989-2015 -- Introduction -- Before 1972 -- 1972-1989 -- 1989-2015 -- References -- 4 Crowdsourcing the Story of Bristol -- Introduction -- The Past in the Landscape -- Digitising Place -- The Heritage Information Cycle -- Getting to Know Your Place -- Crowdsourcing the Story of Place -- Towards a Shared Understanding -- Sourcing the Crowd -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Archaeological Resource Management in Toronto: Planning, Preservation, and Interpretation -- Introduction -- Legislative Background -- Toronto's Heritage Policies -- Archaeological Management Planning in Ontario: The Toronto Process -- Community Involvement and Public Outreach -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References

Front -- Contents -- Inside the Year Book -- The Politics of Apolitical Leadership: Professional Management in a Digital and Divided Society -- 311/CRM Systems: A Potential Path to Service Improvement, Budget Savings, and Citizen Satisfaction -- Local Government Use of Development Impact Fees: More Fallout from a Poor Economy? -- Local Government Employee Health Insurance Programs, 2011 -- Off the Beaten Path: Sustainability Activities in Small Towns and Rural Municipalities -- CAO Salary and Compensation: The Big Picture -- E-Government 2011: Trends and Innovations -- Award-Winning Innovations in 2011: Exploring the Boundaries of Transformation -- Public Pensions Face Record Pace of Change -- Police and Fire Personnel, Salaries, and Expenditures for 2011 -- Directory Tables -- Professional, Special Assistance, and Educational Organizations Serving Local and State Governments -- Authors and Contributors -- Cumulative Index, 2008-2012.

Front -- Contents -- Inside the Year Book -- Reflections on the First Decade of the 21st Century: Leadership Implications for Local Government -- Second-Order Devolution? What City Managers Have to Say -- Alternative Notions of Community: Understanding Local Government Responses to Immigrants -- Economic Development Strategies for Recessionary Times: Survey Results from 2009 -- The Early Stage of Local Government Action to Promote Sustainability -- Achieving Greater Accountability in Social Programs -- The Hurt Dividend: Residents' Appreciation for Local Government Services in Tough Times -- How Local Governments Are Navigating the Fiscal Crisis: Taking Stock and Looking Forward -- Police and Fire Personnel, Salaries, and Expenditures for 2010 -- U.S., Canadian, and International Organizations Serving Local Governments -- Professional, Special Assistance, and Educational Organizations Serving Local and State Governments -- Authors and Contributors -- Cumulative Index, 2007-2011.

Front -- Contents -- Inside the Year Book -- Growing Income Disparity and the Implications for Local Government -- Perspectives on Changes in City Government Structure -- Local Government Support for Food System Development: An Initial Scan of the Landscape -- Building Child- and Age-Friendly Communities in Tight Fiscal Times -- Collaborative Governance and Leadership: A 2012 Survey of Local Government Collaboration -- Electronic Democracy at the Grass Roots -- Volunteer Use in Local Government Service Delivery -- Recurrent Themes in Local Government Innovation -- CAO Salary and Compensation: Stability Is the Trend -- Police and Fire Personnel, Salaries, and Expenditures for 2012 -- Directory Tables -- Professional, Special Assistance, and Educational Organizations Serving Local and State Governments -- Authors and Contributors -- Cumulative Index, 2009-2013.

Konya and Eskisehir: a (political) history of two cities -- Becoming a mayor in Turkey -- Municipalism between local and national -- "Doing" everyday municipalism -- Relations of benefit - service, welfare and patronage -- Planning the urban(s) -- Cultural policy, shaping locality.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1. Genesis, Objectives and Rationale, Process and Methodology: The Story behind Local Governments Self-Assessments -- Genesis -- Objectives and Rationale for Local Governments Self-Assessments: Connecting the Dots between Municipal Investments and Finances -- Local Governments Self-Assessments: Process and Methodology -- References -- Additional Readings -- Chapter 2. Making Sense of the City and Sorting Out Investment Needs and Priorities: The Urban Audit/Self-Assessment -- Objectives and Approach -- Block 1. City Profile -- Block 2. City Diagnosis and Needs Assessment -- Block 3. Priority Investment Programs: Selection, Consultation, and Implementation -- The "So What?" Question: Beyond Investments, A Solution Package of Supporting Measures -- Note -- References -- Additional Readings -- Chapter 3. Getting the Finances in Order: The Municipal Finances Self-Assessment -- Objectives and Rationale -- MFSA Methodology -- Step 1: Setting Up Core Databases -- Step 2: Historical Analysis -- Step 3: Ratio Analysis -- Step 4: Financial Projections -- Step 5: Financial Management Assessment -- Step 6: MFSA Action Plan -- References -- Chapter 4. Way Forward and Perspectives for the Future: Transformative Actions for a New Urban Agenda -- Beyond the Nuts and Bolts of Local Governments Self-Assessments: A World of Applications -- Institutionalization of LGSA: Integrating LGSA into Current Practice of Local Governments -- LGSA Contribution to City-Based Knowledge Products: Data with a Purpose, Data with a Voice, Deep Dive into Storytelling -- LGSAs: Tapping External Sources of Funding and Accessing Multiple Windows of Financing -- From LGSAs to Green Financing -- From LGSAs to Municipal Programs: Partnership Agreements and the Municipal Contract.

This book explores sub-municipal units (SMU) role in decision making, decentralized institutional innovation, social innovation and, in rural areas, service delivery. Focusing on fourteen European countries, the book examines the impact of political cultures, administrative traditions and local government systems on the functioning of the SMUs. An under-explored topic in the literature, this book provides a comprehensive, comparative European, thematically broad, descriptive book on sub-municipal governance.#xE032