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Les femmes de la classe ouvrière : survie psychologique et sociale.
Dans ce texte, l'auteur se propose d'étudier certains aspects du discours produit autour des femmes de la classe ouvrière, dans un contexte, la période d'après-guerre, où la notion de classe ouvrière, à la fois surestimée, dénigrée et crainte, pose problème. Dans ces discours et ces pratiques, les femmes ont une place centrale en tant que mères ayant à leur charge la production de citoyens dans un ordre démocratique bourgeois en extension. En effet, le discours de la mobilité sociale, de l'égalité des chances transforme en pathologie tout échec d'entrer dans la classe moyenne définie comme normale. Il s'agit donc de "normaliser" les groupes potentiellement pathologiques et entre autres les mères de la classe ouvrière dont la capacité à exercer la maternité doit être mise sous surveillance. Inadéquates, ne sont-elles pas responsables d'un large éventail de maux sociaux (criminalité, délinquance...) ?
Ce modèle normatif et normalisant, ce nouveau mode de régulation sociale fait l'impasse sur les conséquences de l'oppression, et sur les réalités psychologiques qui découlent de la souffrance vécue, d'une subjectivité construite à travers des "vérités" projetées sur 1' ''autre".
L'auteur a mené une recherche auprès de femmes d'origine ouvrière ayant eu accès à l'Université pour comprendre la spécificité de ce groupe et les mécanismes de défense mis en place pour vivre et survivre l'oppression.

Социально-экологические проблемы современности ; Равенство между мужчинами и женщинами в сфере экономики, доступа к образованию, услугам здравоохранения, сфере обеспечения политических прав и свобод является одним из важнейших в мире индикаторов уровня демократизации общества. Содействие гендерному равенству способствует устойчивому развитию экономических и социальных систем. Тем не менее, ни у одной страны мира не получилось добиться полного равноправия между мужчинам и женщинами = Equality between men and women in the field of economy, education, health and politics is the most important indicator of the level of democratization of society. Promotion of gender equality contributes to the sustainable development of economic and social system. But not country in the world, could not achieve this

The article examines in detail the problems associated with the development of Buddhism, which introduced a personal aspect to religion and embodied the idea of the need for compassion for all living beings. A special place is occupied by the analysis of the moral and social component of this religion. Buddhism is seen as a protest movement that originated in India and is directed against the frozen hierarchy, mechanical ritualism and greed of the Brahmins. This religion challenged the Brahmin hierarchy, appealing primarily to warriors, kings, and the mass of the free population. The Buddhist community was a brotherhood of mendicant monks who did not perform any rituals, but only showed people the way to salvation by the example of their lives. Buddhism is also one of the radical reformist teachings, not only intellectually, but also socially. He called people, first of all, to inner perfection, the last stage of which can be achieved only through kindness and benevolence to all living beings. The central point of this article is devoted to the debate about the reality of the Buddha's existence, his teaching and the transformations of this teaching. A significant place is given to the description of the way of life of Buddhist monks, the relationship within the Buddhist community and with the laity. The reasons for the attractiveness of Buddhism and its easy adaptability to other religious doctrines are substantiated. The possibilities of transformation of Buddhism, including within the framework of syncretic creeds, as well as in the activities of totalitarian and pseudo-religious sects, are shown. Examples of the politicization of this religion and its inclusion in the activities of fundamentalist organizations are given. ; В статье детально рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с развитием буддизма, который привнес в религию личностный аспект и воплотил идею о необходимости сострадания ко всем живым существам. Особое место занимает анализ нравственной и социальной составляющей данной религии. Буддизм рассматривается как протестное движение, зародившееся в Индии, и направленное против застывшего иерархизма, механической обрядовости и корыстолюбия брахманов. Эта религия поставила под сомнение брахманскую иерархию, апеллировал в первую очередь к воинам, царям и массе свободного населения. Буддистская община представляла собой братство нищенствующих монахов, которые не совершали никаких обрядов, а лишь примером своей жизни указывали людям путь к спасению. Буддизм — это также одно из радикальных реформистских учений не только в интеллектуальном, но и в социальном аспектах. Он призывал людей, прежде всего, к внутреннему совершенствованию, последней ступени которого можно достичь лишь благодаря доброте и доброжелательности ко всем живым существам. Центральное место в данной статье посвящено спору о реальности существования Будды, его учению и трансформациям этого учения. Значительное место отводится описанию образа жизни буддийских монахов, взаимоотношениям внутри буддийской общины и с мирянами. Обоснованы причины привлекательности буддизма и его легкой адаптивности к другим религиозным доктринам. Показаны возможности трансформации буддизма, в том числе и в рамках синкретических вероучений, а также в деятельности тоталитарных и псевдорелигиозных сект. Приведены примеры политизации этой религии и ее включения в активность фундаменталистских организаций.

In the theoretical part was made yielded a holistic approach to sustainable development (SD). In order to examine energetical discourse in online media, was made the online media review and analyzed information presentation. News framing theory analysis revealed how the media builds knowledge from the news and how this affects the political, economical and social reality. Also described the manipulation of society (propaganda) mechanisms. Prepared energetic discourse shaping and it's features, in online media, analysis methodology in social and environmental aspects, also made quantitative and qualitative study, which analyzed online news sites Deli.lt, Lrytas.lt and Balsas.lt energetic-themed text's in 2012 February 1-2013 January 31 period(a total 619 articles). The conclusion was made in the end of work.

In the theoretical part was made yielded a holistic approach to sustainable development (SD). In order to examine energetical discourse in online media, was made the online media review and analyzed information presentation. News framing theory analysis revealed how the media builds knowledge from the news and how this affects the political, economical and social reality. Also described the manipulation of society (propaganda) mechanisms. Prepared energetic discourse shaping and it's features, in online media, analysis methodology in social and environmental aspects, also made quantitative and qualitative study, which analyzed online news sites Deli.lt, Lrytas.lt and Balsas.lt energetic-themed text's in 2012 February 1-2013 January 31 period(a total 619 articles). The conclusion was made in the end of work.

In the theoretical part was made yielded a holistic approach to sustainable development (SD). In order to examine energetical discourse in online media, was made the online media review and analyzed information presentation. News framing theory analysis revealed how the media builds knowledge from the news and how this affects the political, economical and social reality. Also described the manipulation of society (propaganda) mechanisms. Prepared energetic discourse shaping and it's features, in online media, analysis methodology in social and environmental aspects, also made quantitative and qualitative study, which analyzed online news sites Deli.lt, Lrytas.lt and Balsas.lt energetic-themed text's in 2012 February 1-2013 January 31 period(a total 619 articles). The conclusion was made in the end of work.

Public procurement concentrates large public sector's purchasing power, and has a significant impact on each country's economic development. The purpose of public procurement procedure is transparency, non-discrimination and accordance to the principles of fair competition in acquisition of goods, services and works necessary for the smooth functioning of the public administration. Besides, public procurement can be one of the most important instruments for sustainable development and other purposes useful to the whole society and the economy of the country. This article briefly discusses the concept of sustainable public procurement, reveals its main ideas and applications. One of them, the social sphere, was chosen the main object of the research. The possibility to decrease unemployment, to increase an integration of socially vulnerable group, and to achieve other socially-oriented goals through an effective implementation of the social aspect of sustainable public procurement has been illustrated. Thus, the article analyses the concept of social procurement, assesses the current situation in Lithuania, overviews the good practice of other countries and provides recommendations for measures to extend the application of socially oriented procurement.