Suchergebnisse

Women Empowerment is a well known development term in recent era. There are little methods available to measure it and analyse it. Empowerment has intrinsic, extrinsic as well as instrumental value. Apart from this, empowerment can be economic, social or political. In the broader form, empowerment means to delegate the power of freedom in choice and action. Women empowerment delegates more authority and control to women over those resources and decisions that affect their life. Un-empowered women have very limited power to negotiate better for their life in many ways formal or informal, direct or indirect and legal or illegal. There is no direct impact of financial aid covered under the scheme with respect to the selected respondents. But the aspects and areas covered in the scheme do economically support rural women and for their empowerment. Overall the respondents are satisfied with the entire coverage and the facilities provided by Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram.Classification-JEL : D31, D63, J16, N15

Corrigendum: 10.1016/j.wsif.2018.07.007. ; The rise of neonationalist politics and racist activism has characterised many European countries in recent years. Moreover, there is a growing public focus on gendered and sexualised intimacies. These two tendencies have increasingly intertwined and sexual violence has become a site for struggles over feminist and (anti)racist politics. The article examines what I call the 'crisis' of white hegemony arising in the aftermath of the arrival of a large number of refugees in 2015-2016 and the different strategies that women's and feminist activism has developed. Within white nationalism, there is an upsurge of 'white border guard femininities': white women who mobilise on social media and in far-right groups. Simultaneously, antiracist feminist activism has strengthened. It seeks to confront racist discourses of foreign perpetrators and to redirect the discussion by addressing structural aspects of racial and gendered hierarchies and voicing experiences of harassment that are bypassed in the public discussions. ; Peer reviewed

The Government of Cuba proposed in the year 2011 an update of the economic and social model, where the management of energy is an element of influence in the economy of the country. This led to the approval of a policy for the development of renewable sources and the efficient use of energy. Another important aspect is the National Plan for development until 2030, which considers the use of natural resources including energy, environmental impacts, and its link with the local development. However, in the municipalities, there are few studies on local energy management (LEM), and they lack the essential elements to guarantee it. This study defined the elements of LEM for the management models of local governance in Cuba, the energy context, and the scenario for the development of LEM in the country. The results suggest a model for LEM that integrates its elements to the functions of local government in energy decisions that influence the economy, society, the environment and local development.

The Council of Islamic Ideology is key component in all institutions where promotion of Islamic ideology is paramount. The Council has given tremendous input in developing and amending the Islamic laws. According to the article 230 of the Constitution of Pakistan, it is pertinent that the council has to advise the legislative and establishment on the development and application of Islamic laws. Moreover, the Council also responds on the Human rights laws after assessing their validity under Islam. For instance, article 2 of the International Law has been removed due to its of clarity in comparison to the Islamic Constitution and amendments have been done in article 3 and 10(1) of the International convention for Economic, Cultural and Social Rights thus playing a viable role. The recommendations of the Council on Human rights laws are pragmatic in various aspects as they fill the lacuna in the constitution. Moreover, International organizations scathingly defy the contemporary recommendations of the council on the rights of women and children.

Migration and integration, especially the reception of refugees and displaced peoples, are widely shared social and political challenges across Europe. The purpose of GLIMER is to understand how the governance and local integration of migrants and Europe's refugees is developing, and in ways that can be utilised through best practice sharing and reporting. Inspired by the success of 'welcoming cities' in southern Italy, we will work with civil society groups, local authorities, citizens and refugee groups in order to support sustainable the meaningful integration of diverse communities. We will focus on cities in both Southern and Northern Europe and a key aspect of the project will be dedicated to investigating how the local governance of new arrivals can secure successful integration across a range of indicators. This research will be carried out in close collaboration with practitioners with the aim of co-producing knowledge that can be beneficial for a range of stakeholders including civil society groups and NGOs as well as municipalities.

Abstract The struggle of women in achieving equality and justice has been carried out long ago, whether in the economic, social, cultural, and political aspects, in fact it has not been able to raise the dignity of women to be equal to men. Various laws and regulations governing women's rights include those implied in the Convention on Elimination of All Forms Discrimination Againts Women (CEDAW), namely the rights possessed by a woman, both because she is a human being and as a woman. Even though CEDAW has been rati ed, there are still discriminatory regulations, such as the Investment Law, Marriage Law, the Law on Placement and Protection of Overseas Workers, the Citizenship Act, and other Regional Regulations. Therefore, legal protection of women's human rights is very important, for women whose rights have been violated, especially since there are many cases of female labor violence working to help improve the family economy abroad. Keywords: legal protection; women's human rights; female labor violence .

Abstract. The article analyzes various functional paradigms of the state, which will help to reveal the essential, organic aspect of a state-organized society existence. A state of any historical type implements itself in activity and, therefore, has a functional basis in which the unchanging is embodied that is inherent in it at all stages of evolution. Universal functions implement the essential characteristics of a state as an institutional expression of activities aimed at "common affair" solution. A functionally organized state embodies a certain type of activity that satisfies the need for self-preservation and purposeful organization. Therefore, the functional approach to the study of the state phenomenon allows us to reveal the most important properties belonging to all states, at any evolution stage in which the social purpose of the state as such and, ultimately, its objective (essential) and subjective meaning is manifested.Keywords: Functions of the State, Evolution of the State, Statehood, Political Society, Historical forms of the State, Еssence and legal nature of the State, State purpose.

This article sets out to study the professors' community in the Red Professorate Institute in regards to the community's homogeneity and its didactic potential. Based on statistical and autobiographical documents deposited in the State archive of the Russian Federation, the author comes to the conclusion that the Institute did not succeed in crystallizing the cadres of a new type of Soviet professorship, due to their being no common features between its members: neither on the level of education and qualification characteristics, nor in the social homogeneity, nor in their political loyalty. The community was bright, polyphonic, heterogeneous, mobile, variable, sometimes responding to encouraging requests from the authorities (such as, for example, party membership), and sometimes ignoring them. In the socio-demographic aspect, the Institute of Red Professors did not completely become an ideological institution, how it was planned by Soviet government (although it was secured in curricula and programs of the disciplines). It was one of the places where the intelligentsia worked, where their knowledge and skills, often acquired even before 1917, were in demand.

Purpose
People with intellectual disabilities (ID) can be vulnerable to developing mental health problems. It has been found that participating in regular exercise can help to improve emotional well-being, both in typically developing people and those with ID. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the experiences of community clients with ID who have engaged in a football training programme, and the perceived impacts on attitudes, mood and behaviour.


Design/methodology/approach
Interviews with seven patients from generic or forensic community ID services were conducted. The transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.


Findings
Two master themes were identified from the interviews, "Striving" and "Togetherness".


Originality/value
The most important factors related to taking part in the football programme were the social, emotional and personal growth associated with being part of a team and general enjoyment of being part of something. Although aspects of football knowledge and physical fitness were still evident, their impact seemed to be less significant. The experience of football was overwhelmingly positive.

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are established not with the aim of making profits but rather to provide social values by implementing different projects and activities. Transmitting complete information about these projects to society is a key element of transparency, as they operate within an atmosphere of public trust. Although there is a large body of literature on transparency in NGOs from a global perspective, very little research has been conducted on transparency within the area of projects and activities. This study takes a deeper look at this line and contributes to the literature on transparency in NGOs by proposing an index to measure the information transparency of the projects implemented by these organizations. The index captures three dimensions of the information about the projects (technical, financial, and scope) and makes it possible to: analyze the level of transparency of the portfolio of projects, detect the specific aspects that could be improved in each organization, and carry out comparisons among organizations.

The Discourse of Child Protection and its ensuing political responses are discussed here following a 6 month analysis of media platforms in which child protection reforms were recommended following child abuse and neglect reports. The headlines, in social and other media were analysed to identify the significant aspects of reactions to horrifying tales, stories and reports of child deaths, injuries and other abuses. Clear evidence emerges of a disturbing discourse of deferral and political inaction that is only relieved when inquiries and Royal Commissions advocate strong and immediate changes. In addition, this study shows that lacunae (or what is missing in text or discourse) show that the voice of children is only heard after the event of horrific abuse and often relies on whistle-blowers or advocates. Despite the warnings and research of many distinguished child protection academics a cycle emerges which needs to reflect community desires to protect children via legislation and stronger regulations. Further, some inquiries have indicated stronger regulation and training of beleaguered child welfare staff.

AbstractThe 2003 U.S. invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq had profound consequences for the people living in that nation. In this essay, I provide a brief overview of the dramatic changes that transpired in Iraq due to the war. I then move on to highlight the contributions U.S. sociologists have made in studies regarding the conflict, based on a review of articles published from 2003–2016 in ten generalist U.S.‐based journals. My review shows that while U.S. sociology has made significant contributions to further collective knowledge about American aspects of the Iraq War, U.S. sociologists have paid very little attention to the actual impacts of the invasion and occupation on Iraqi social organizations, Iraqi culture, and on the lives of individual Iraqis. I make the case that these historically significant events deserve more scholarly attention than they have been given so far. I further argue that U.S. sociologists have a special responsibility to document, study, and explain the consequences of their government's behavior when it causes extensive harm to people living in another land.

This study investigated the pragmatic competence of Chinese heritage learners (CHLs) on the use of three Chinese-specific mitigation devices: Chinese sentence final particles (SFPs), yixia/xia "for a while", and reduplication of verbs. Their performances were compared with those of foreign language learners of Chinese (CFLs) and native Chinese speakers (NSs). Twenty-three NSs and 60 Chinese language learners in the intermediate and advanced-level classes (31 CHLs and 29 CFLs) participated in the study. Participants completed a computerized written production task that included two types of situations (PD-low and high situations) based on two contextual factors: the power relationship (P) and social distance (D). The statistical findings showed no notable significant heritage advantage; however, the post-hoc analysis revealed the unique nature of CHLs' pragmatic competence, vacillating between CFLs and NSs. Specifically, CHLs outperformed CFLs in the use of SFPs and yixia/xia in both PD-low and high situations, but they fell behind the
NSs in certain aspects, especially in their linguistic knowledge on SFPs and yixia/xia.

Reactions to the brutal Syrian War from European governments and Europe's Muslims have been diverse and subject to many shifts over the past few years. This paper focuses on how Albanian political and Islamic religious figures living in the Balkans have come to interpret the war. I focus on discourse, the ways in which these different agents communicate with their audience, and the wider contexts they evoke. Government sources and religiously themed lectures delivered by prominent imams on the social networking site YouTube are used to assess these trends. The most obvious aspect of these debates is the ways in which these agents use the war to press their own agendas, the government to affirm their commitment to the "West" and an ethnicized view of Islam, while Islamic religious leaders use it to reconnect their audiences to a more cosmopolitan vision of their past. War thus becomes a catalyst for a resurgent contestation between different groups vying for control over what it means to be "Albanian" and "Muslim" in the twenty-first century.

This paper involves developing financial utility function that considers compliance to a certain qualitative characteristic and studies the impact on market equilibrium prices, should this criterion be Sharia compliance, fair-trade, environmental, social and governance principles or other ethical aspect. The goal is to show that individual utility can depend on other parameters than wealth and risk aversion, that therefore influence equilibrium market prices. This has been done by examining a possible utility function that takes into account individual sensitivity to the criterion and the intrinsic quality of compliance of this parameter. In order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed utility function, a simulation is made using agent-based approach with NetLogo platform. Upon examination of the impact of these parameters, it becomes clear that compliance to a qualitative characteristic would impact individual utility, supply and demand and result in equilibrium prices. This research highlights the importance of ethical arguments on individual decision making and how markets behave to this.