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Rasmussen reviews 'Civil-Military Relations and Democracy' edited by Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner and 'U.S. Civil-Military Relations: In Crisis or Transition?' edited by Don M. Snider and Miranda A. Carlton-Carew.

Die Verfasserin macht anhand unterschiedlicher Entwicklungen in Polen und Rußland Konsequenzen des Demokratisierungsprozesses für das Verhältnis von Militär und ziviler Macht deutlich. Sie zeigt, daß das Verhalten des Militärs im gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozeß nicht von internen Faktoren, sondern von der Gestaltung des Übergangsprozesses zur Demokratie abhängt. Die unterschiedlichen Entwicklungspfade des Verhältnisses von Militär und ziviler Macht in Polen und Rußland können auf jeweils unterschiedliche strategische Entscheidungen in Bezug auf politische Aktivitäten von Militärangehörigen und auf die Kontrolle des Militärs zurückgeführt werden. In Polen wurde die Unterordnung des Militärs unter zivile Eliten dadurch sichergestellt, daß Anreize für ein politisches Engagement von Militärs vermieden wurden. In Rußland, wo zudem demokratische Mechanismen einer Kontrolle des Militärs fehlen, wurde der umgekehrte Weg beschritten. Hier kann in der Zukunft eine Gefahr für die russische Demokratie liegen. (BIOst-Wpt)

This article chronicles the praetorian tradition in Paraguay and documents the recent historical record affecting current civil-military trends. It then shifts to analyze the evolving scenario within Paraguay and maps several alternative transitions emerging from the characteristics of the still-unfolding civil-military relationship. The discussion concludes with an examination of the military's significance for political stability and the prospects for democracy in Paraguay.

[p. 1] ; column 3 ; 4 ¾ col. in. ; The Salt Lake City police have arrested a soldier from Camp Douglas for disorderly conduct. General Morrow demanded his release so he could be tried by military authorities. This request was refused and the cavalry has now broken the soldier out of jail.

"Civil-Military Relations in Asia: Between Democratization and Autocratization" published on by Oxford University Press.

Control and composition of the armed forces, military professionalism, level of violence, and support for democratic reform.

One of the crucial elements of democratization efforts currently under way in South Africa is the establishment of a democratic pattern of civil-military relations. The important issues in this transition process are control and composition of a future South African armed forces. Influential variables that have an impact on this process are military professionalism, the corporate interests of the armed forces, the threat of violence, the method of democratization, and support for reform both within the military and in the larger society. This article outlines the political interaction of actors and influences in an effort to increase our understanding of this essential component of democratization.

This paper analyzes the recent reform initiatives of the civil service system in Korea. The modern civil service system was founded during the Park Jung-Hee Administration. The major characteristics of the system can be summarized as a merit-based, rank-oriented, closed career, and centralized managemetn system. The Korean civil service system was instrumental during the period of government-led growth. However, the 1997 financial crisis and the ensuring economic recession instigated the Korean government reform program, including civil service reform. As the package of civil service reform policies has been formulated and implemented during the Kim Dae-Jung and Roh Moo-Hyun administrations, the Korean civil service system is experiencing a paradigm shift from a rank-oriented, closed career, seniority-based, and centralized management system to a job-oriented, open-career, performance-based, and decentralized system. This article outlines three factors explaining the transformation. For Korean civil service reform to be successful, implementation is required for a certain period of time. The article discusses several tasks that are necessary for fully achieving the reform goals of the participatory government.