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Abstract
This article aims to analyse housing solutions used in nineteenth-century Lisbon to deal with explosive demographic and urban development. It particularly focuses on two specific types of industrial housing ensembles created in Lisbon called pátios and vilas operárias. The goal of this article is to analyse the spatial distribution of pátios and vilas operárias in Lisbon. Through the potential of geographic information systems, we aim to understand in a spatial-quantitative way the spatial patterns of these kinds of industrial housing ensembles for the most deprived population. To do so, we used spatial modelling and spatial analysis procedures, including simple spatial distribution, mean centre, standard distance, directional distance and density estimation (hotspots). The new contribution of this article lies in the increase of scientific knowledge about these forms of working-class housing – the pátios and vilas operárias – and their spatial implementation in Lisbon in the second half of the nineteenth century.

The Portuguese housing market underwent major transformations between 2010 and 2020. Until then, a delicate but resentful stability had long existed, with distorted rent schemes and low annual price increases proportional to the national economy and the income of the Portuguese population. After the financial crisis, several internal and external variables converged to dramatically change this scenario. In recent years, a growing number of researchers have centred their attention on the difficulties that the Portuguese urban middle-class populations are facing in trying to find homes. This paper analyses these challenges and their impact quantitatively, focusing on the affordability of housing for purchase or rent and considering synthetic indicators for average household incomes in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area between the beginning of 2016 and the end of 2019. The results show that the cost of buying or renting a house in the main Portuguese urban system has become much more detached from local incomes. The article concludes with reflections on the structural reasons for the enduring inequalities in the housing markets and the difficulties recognising territorial cohesion and spatial justice as important elements shaping urban and housing policies in Portugal.

This paper focuses on the influence that residential markets and their most recent dynamics have on the cohesion or socio-spatial segregation trends in the Lisbon metropolitan system. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part presents in a resumed form, the main defining elements for Lisbon urban development in this decade of 2010, where the effects of the economic crisis combined with global socioeconomic and technological changes. The second part exposes the components that marked the most recent evolution of the real estate and housing markets in Portugal and particularly in the metropolis of Lisbon. The third describes how such changes have put severe pressures on household's financial capacities; an analysis mostly based on the 2016-2018 evolution of the house price to income ratios, both for purchase and renting situations, in the municipalities of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The final part of the paper reflects on corresponding social and urban new challenges and dilemmas, also focusing on the possible reasons for political mismatches and difficulties in consolidating territorial cohesion, spatial justice and the right to housing as main elements for urban policy sustainment on the metropolis of Lisbon. ; Este texto incide sobre a influência que os mercados residenciais e as suas dinâmicas mais recentes têm nas tendências de coesão ou de segregação socioespacial no sistema metropolitano de Lisboa. O texto desenvolve-se em quatro partes. A primeira parte apresenta de forma sucinta alguns elementos definidores da evolução urbanística de Lisboa nesta vertiginosa década de 2010, onde se conjugaram os efeitos da crise económica europeia com as mutações socioeconómicas e tecnológicas globais. Na segunda parte expõem-se as componentes que têm marcado a evolução mais recente dos mercados imobiliário e habitacional em Portugal e na metrópole de Lisboa. Na terceira descrevem-se como tais mutações nos mercados habitacionais têm pressionado, de forma crescente, as capacidades financeiras das famílias – ...

This study analyzes the housing policies enacted in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century in Portugal and Italy to understand whether the comparison between the two countries' housing domains reflects a divide between the "center" and the "periphery," or, on the contrary, can be observed as "between peripheries." This article stems from a comprehensive literature review on the topic, which is divided into a theoretical discourse on housing, a general European housing scenario, and a historical and contemporary framework of housing policies in Portugal and Italy. The literature review seeks to identify the economic and sociocultural singularities of the two countries through official laws and statistical data. Within a fundamentally theoretical comparative observation, this work aims to identify whether Italy and Portugal are contrasting realities within the housing domain—that is, with housing characteristics typical of the center (Italy) or the periphery (Portugal)—or represent two similar realities that integrate the peripheral context of Europe.

1. This deliverable reports on the demonstration and evaluation of ISP3, which was designed to demonstrate the potential of the SHAMAN framework for digital preservation in the context of e-science institutions and for the research and development community.2. The demonstration process was carried out by means of presentations of the training material to the scientists from LNEC and LIP in Lisbon, Portugal. The audiences for the demonstrations consisted of scientists working with different data and IT support staff.3. The evaluation is based on the reports of focus groups held with two groups of scientists, together with structured data from self-completed questionnaires, administered on the same occasions.4. The SHAMAN 'consciousness raising' event appears to have had useful consequences. In both institutions it appeared to fulfil the aim of drawing attention to the problems of digital preservation and to the role of the SHAMAN framework in finding answers to the problems. To a degree, the participants were already sympathetic to the ideas, since they were working in situations that daily brought their attention to the need for preservation policies. However, the discussions were also useful in extending the concept of digital preservation beyond the existing perceptions within the SHAMAN teams. In particular, the notion of the 'digital object' needs to be expanded to include not only digitized physical objects such as documents and images, but also 'born digital' phenomena such as data streams, software programs and analytical results of experiments. ; Sponsorship : EU: 7th framework programme