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Zusammenfassung: Zivilcourage stellt für die Sozialpsychologie ein wichtiges inhaltliches Thema dar. Politiker appellieren häufig an die Bevölkerung, sich zivilcouragiert zu verhalten, doch wie Zivilcourage konkret gezeigt werden soll, wird dabei nicht vermittelt. Trainingsmaßnahmen können dieses Defizit ausräumen. Voraussetzung dafür ist eine klare und verhaltensnahe Definition des Begriffs und ein in Trainings umsetzbares theoretisches Konzept. Die Sozialpsychologie kommt in die Lage beides zu leisten, d.h. Determinanten von Zivilcourage zu benennen und entsprechend abgeleitete Trainings zu entwickeln. Darüber hinaus besteht in unserem Fach auch Kompetenz zur notwendigen methodisch ausgereiften Evaluation der Trainings. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst situationale und gesellschaftliche Hintergründe von Zivilcourage aufgezeigt. Eine Definition, sowie Determinanten und mögliche Abgrenzungen zu Hilfeverhalten werden vorgestellt. Eine Diskussion von Zivilcouragetrainings, Evaluationsmöglichkeiten und Implementierungen schließt den Beitrag ab.

In the current pandemic, both self-regulated health-protective behavior and government-imposed regulations are needed for successful outbreak mitigation. Going forward, researchers and decision-makers must therefore understand the factors contributing to individuals' engagement in health-protective behavior, and their support for government regulations. Integrating knowledge from the literatures on self-control and cooperation, we explore an informed selection of potential predictors of individuals' health-protective behaviors as well as their support for government regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aiming for a conceptual replication in two European countries, we collected data in Switzerland (N = 352) and the UK before (N = 212) and during lockdown (n = 132) and conducted supervised machine learning for variable selection, followed by OLS regression, cross-sectionally and, in the UK sample, across time. Results showed that personal importance of outbreak mitigation and beliefs surrounding others' cooperation are associated with both health-protective behavior and support for government regulations. Further, Swiss participants high in trait self-control engaged in health-protective behavior more often. Interestingly, perceived risk, age, and political orientation consistently displayed nonsignificant weak to zero associations with both health-protective behavior and support. Together, these findings highlight the contribution of self-control theories in explaining COVID-19-relevant outcomes, and underscore the importance of contextualizing self-control within the cooperative social context. ; peerReviewed ; publishedVersion

Ansätze zur Förderung von Zivilcourage sind ein zentraler Aspekt von Demokratiepädagogik. Im diesem Beitrag zur Demokratiepädagogik wird zunächst eine Begriffsanalyse von Zivilcourage vorgenommen und dann die Bedingungen für zivilcouragiertes Handeln aufgezeigt. Schließlich wird dargelegt, inwieweit Zivilcourage erlernt werden kann.

The Model of Action Phases ( Gollwitzer, 1990 , 2012 ) distinguishes an implemental mindset evoked by planning goal-directed actions, from a deliberative mindset evoked by pondering pros/cons of adopting a particular goal. The present research demonstrates that mindsets affect time predictions. In Study 1 (N = 151), participants in an implemental mindset made shorter time predictions with respect to completing personal goals than participants in a deliberative mindset. In Study 2 (N = 78), we tested a mediating mechanism for the mindset effect by varying the motivation to return a report. The mindset effect was replicated in the low- but not in the high-motivation condition with participants in an implemental mindset returning the report earlier, and being as accurate in their predictions as participants in a deliberative mindset. Results indicate that an implemental (vs. deliberative) mindset increases motivation and therefore leads to shorter, but equally biased time predictions.

Abstract. The present research conceives of morally courageous behavior as goal-directed behavior and extends its investigation from a mere situational approach to a more comprehensive understanding including dispositional determinants related to self-regulatory processes. We tested the assumption that individual difference variables differentially affect the appraisal of the two core constituents of moral courage, namely, norm violation and risk of intervention. In two samples from different cultural (Switzerland/Austria vs. The Netherlands) as well as educational (university vs. representative population sample) backgrounds, participants evaluated norm violation and risk of intervention for six vignettes of situations calling for moral courage. Across both samples, self-transcendence values (benevolence, universalism) predicted the perception of norm violation, whereas personality factors related to affective self-regulation in stressful situations (behavioral inhibition system, state orientation) predicted the perception of intervention risk. These results provide evidence for the imperative of accounting for individual differences in the self-regulation of moral courage behavior.

AbstractDyadic coping has repeatedly been associated with positive outcomes in intimate relationships. However, less is known about the prospective predictors of dyadic coping. This study investigates clarity of other's feelings (CoF) as a potential predictor of supportive dyadic coping in a longitudinal study. In a sample of 368 couples, self‐reported CoF and supportive dyadic coping perceived by the partner were assessed annually over 3 years. Results revealed that interpersonal differences in men and women's CoF are positively associated with interpersonal differences in supportive dyadic coping. Moreover, interpersonal differences in men's CoF predicted long‐term intrapersonal changes in supportive dyadic coping of both partners. Couple intervention programs might strengthen couple's dyadic coping skills by targeting men's understanding of their partner's feelings.