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The secret world of intelligence services, as old as antiquity, is a subject of increasing volatility that in recent years has experienced a flurry of publications. The very secrecy of intelligence is the central problem in researching the subject, & the recent publication trend is rooted not in the current controversies over intelligence following the September 11th attacks & the Iraq War, but rather in the changes in the source situation since the 1990s, particularly access to source documents in the East German archives which also shed light on intelligence service of the Third Reich & during WWII. While the publications vary in focus, introducing the theme & exploring the history of intelligence services, a main focus is the Cold War, including the relationship between the CIA & the KGB. Also covered is the NSA & the experiences & role of intelligence with respect to September 11th. L. Reed

A review essay on books by (1) Karl Mannheim et al (Eds), Konservatismus. Ein Beitrag zur Soziologie des Wissens ([Conservatism. A Contribution to the Sociology of Knowledge] Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Verlag, 2003), (2) Frank Bosch, Die Adenauer-CDU. Grundung, Aufstieg und Krise einer Erfolgspartei 1945-1969 ([The CDU of the Adenauer Era. Foundation, Rise, and Crisis of a Successful Party, 1945-1969] Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2001), (3) Frank Bosch, Das konservative Milieu. Vereinskultur und lokale Sammlungspolitik (1900-1960) ([The Conservative Milieu. Club Culture and Local Assembly Politics (1900-1960)] Gottingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2002), (3) Frank Bosch, Macht und Machtverlust. Die Geschichte der CDU ([Power and Loss of Power. The History of the CDU] Munich: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2002), (5) Alexander Gauland, Anleitung zum Konservativsein ([Introduction to Being a Conservative] Munich: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2002), (6) Dominik Geppert, Thatchers konservative Revolution. Der Richtungwandel der britischen Tories 1975-1979 ([Thatcher's Conservative Revolution. Direction Change of the British Tories. 1975-1979] Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2002), (7) Robert Rill & Ulrich Zellenberg, Konservatismus in Osterreich. Stromungen, Ideen, Personen und Vereinigungen ([Conservatism in Austria. Trends, Ideas, Personalities, and Alliances] Graz: Stocker-Verlag, 1999), & (8) Caspar von Schrenck-Notzing, Lexikon des Konservatismus ([Conservatism Lexicon] Graz: Stocker-Verlag, 1996). Z. Dubiel

Foreign politics are examined in the context of historic & contemporary Germany. The author discusses the dynamics present before & after the German division of the 1940s. He then analyzes the changes the country underwent yet again after the reunification of the 1990s. Due to the events occurring during these turbulent times, the country has had to invent & reinvent itself periodically. Questions regarding self-determination & identity, especially in relation to the rest of the Western & Eastern world, have been posed by German intellectuals & answered throughout the country's history more than once. The roles of such significant personalities as Konrad Adenauer, Willy Brandt, Helmut Kohl, & Erick Honecker in German political history are analyzed. Issues concerning integration & the question of unity are examined, along with Germany's place in the new "modern" Europe Union. 8 References. A. Simms-Clark