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1. Histories of user-generated content : between formal and informal media economies / Ramon Lobato, Julian Thomas and Dan Hunter -- 2. Competing myths of informal economies / Megan Richardson and Jake Goldenfein -- 3. Start with the household / John Quiggin -- 4. Amateur creative digital content and proportional commerce / Steven Hetcher -- 5. YouTube and the formalisation of amateur media / Jean Burgess -- 6. The relationship between user-generated content and commerce / Kimberlee Weatherall -- 7. The manufacture of 'authentic' buzz and the legal relations of MasterChef / Kathy Bowrey -- 8. Harry Potter and the transformation wand : fair use, canonicity and fan activity / David Tan -- 9. The simulation of 'authentic' buzz : T-mobile and the flash-mob dance / Marc Trabsky -- 10. Prestige and professionalisation at the margins of the journalistic field : the case of music writers / Ramon Lobato and Lawson Fletcher -- 11. Swedish subtitling strike called off! : fan-to-fan piracy, translation and the primacy of authorisation / Eva Hemmungs Wirten -- 12. Have amateur media enhanced the possibilities for good media work? / David Hesmondhalgh -- 13. Minecraft as Web 2.0 : amateur creativity and digital games / Greg Lastowka -- 14. Cosplay, creativity and immaterial labours of love / Melissa de Zwart -- 15. Web zero : the amateur and the indie-game developer / Christian McCrea -- 16. Anonymous speech on the Internet / Brian Murchison -- 17. The privacy interest in anonymous blogging / Lisa Austin -- 18. 'Privacy' of social networking texts / Megan Richardson and Julian Thomas.

Intro -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction: Why Can't Life Be Fun? -- Level 1: Getting into the Game: An Introduction to Gamification -- Level 2: Game Thinking: Learning to Think Like a Game Designer -- Level 3: Why Games Work: The Rules of Motivation -- Level 4: The Gamification Toolkit: Game Elements -- Level 5: Game Changer: Six Steps to Gamification -- Level 6: Epic Fails: And How to Avoid Them -- Endgame: In Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Glossary -- Additional Resources -- About the Authors -- About Wharton School Press -- About the Wharton School.

The United States is finally recoiling from the mass incarceration crisis that has plagued it for half a century. The world's largest incarcerator has seen a small drop in prison numbers since 2008. However, the rate of decline is so slow that it would take half a century for incarceration numbers to reduce to historical levels. Further, the drop in prison numbers has occurred against the backdrop of piecemeal reforms, and there is no meaningful, systematic mechanism to reduce incarceration levels. Despite this, there is now, for the first time, a growing public acceptance that prison is a problematic, possibly flawed, sanction. Prison is expensive, inflicts serious unintended suffering on incarcerated people, and profoundly damages families. Alternatives to prison are finally being canvassed. In one respect this is not surprising. The way that we deal with serious offenders has not meaningfully changed for more than 500 years—during all this time, we have simply locked offenders behind high walls. The way we deal with people who have caused serious harm has been more resistant to scientific and technological advances than any other aspect of society. The most radical suggestion regarding prison reform is to abolish prisons. Prison abolition has been a theme in some limited academic quarters for many decades. It had never received anything approaching mainstream credibility as a reform option, but this is now changing. Prominent politicians, social groups, university organizations, and mainstream media commentaries have recently advocated prison abolition. This proposal is no longer a fringe idea. It has gained considerable currency, particularly in light of the dual society-changing phenomena of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement. Yet, the persuasiveness of the proposal to abolish prison evaporates when any degree of intellectual rigor is cast over it. It is likely to go down as naïve idealism due to the absence of any practical alternatives to prison. This Article shores up the notion of ...