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In the context of recent devolution processes in Uganda, operation and maintenance of drinking water infrastructure still pose a major challenge. Given the importance of water user fees and local collective action for operation and maintenance, it is paramount to consider factors influencing the users' willingness to contribute. Based on 802 structured household interviews, this article looks into the link between willingness to contribute and actual contribution and presents variables influencing users' willingness to contribute to water provision. The variables demonstrated by the logistic regression model to increase the likelihood of users' willingness to contribute are categorized as institutional, bio-physical and demographic ones.

In the context of recent devolution processes in Uganda, operation and maintenance of drinking water infrastructure still pose a major challenge. Given the importance of water user fees and local collective action for operation and maintenance, it is paramount to consider factors influencing the users' willingness to contribute. Based on 802 structured household interviews, this article looks into the link between willingness to contribute and actual contribution and presents variables influencing users' willingness to contribute to water provision. The variables demonstrated by the logistic regression model to increase the likelihood of users' willingness to contribute are categorized as institutional, bio-physical and demographic ones. Adapted from the source document.

This article looks into the effects of population decline on local public expenditure. It starts with a theoretical explanation of so-called residual costs, i.e. cost curves of shrinking communities lying above those of growing. Data at the community level of the state Styria (Austria) on expenditure categories which have natural monopoly characteristics from 1997-2007 provides empirical support that expenditure per capita grew significantly stronger in shrinking communities than in growing communities. These results provide evidence that at least some of the public expenditures cannot be adjusted to the population decline in the medium term.

Keywords: residual costs • local public expenditure • population decline • infrastructure • Austria • fiscal federalism

This article looks into the effects of population decline on local public expenditure. It starts with a theoretical explanation of so-called residual costs, i.e. cost curves of shrinking communities lying above those of growing. Data at the community level of the state Styria (Austria) on expenditure categories, which have natural monopoly characteristics from 1997-2007, provide empirical support that expenditure per capita grew significantly stronger in shrinking communities than in growing communities. These results provide evidence that at least some of the public expenditures cannot be adjusted to the population decline in the medium term. Adapted from the source document.

Der früher enge Wirkungszusammenhang zwischen Ernährungsgewohnheiten und regionaler Landschaftsentwicklung ist schwächer geworden. Gerade zur dringend notwendigen Stärkung des Konsumentenvertrauens müssen jedoch die kurzen, regionalen Wertschöpfungsketten der Kommunikation der Herkunft mehr Bedeutung zumessen, um die sozioökonomische Einbettung ihrer Produkte in konkrete Landschaftsräume als zusätzliches Verkaufsargument nutzen zu können. Zudem soll die so geschaffene Transparenz ein gemeinsames Verantwortungsbewusstsein der Produzenten und Hersteller fördern und für Wertschöpfungsketten übergreifende Qualitätssicherung sorgen. Im Wesentlichen lassen sich zwei Strategien einer Regionalisierung der Ernährung unterscheiden: (1) Schließung regionaler Wertschöpfungskreisläufe; (2) Transparenz der regionalen Herkunft durch Kennzeichnung. Die Verfasser illustrieren dies anhand von Beispielen aus Österreich. (ICE2)