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Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Cultural pluralism in the media

This article describes the narratives about refugees and migrants as well as information about the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of mutual understanding, solidarity with others, community-building in a crisis, all presented through the media of photographs. This article is the result of an analysis of visual images on the internet. These two crises reveal different attitudes to solidarity in Europe, both among the citizens as well as politicians of different countries.

Media w ostatnich latach, jak to ujęto we wprowadzeniu, doświadczają mediamorfozy. Dotyczy to także mediów publicznych. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie istoty tych zmian w kontekście polityki pluralizmu kulturowego. A także odpowiedź na pytanie, w jakim zakresie zmiany technologiczne, sposób korzystania z mediów, ale także zmiany społeczne, ruchy migracyjne decydują o zakresie realizacji pluralizmu kulturowego. Za przykład posłużyła Szwajcarska Organizacja Radiowo-Telewizyjna – SRG SSR idee Suisse.

This article is divided into three main parts. The first is an overview of the situation of the Roma minorities in Slovenia and Poland. The second part of the article presents minority broadcast media and the main elements of the legal and institutional framework they operate in. Finally, this article focuses on the visibility of Roma in the media. This article draws attention to cultural pluralism and how cultural pluralism is implemented by the public service broadcasters in Poland and Slovenia, particularly in the context of the presence of Roma minorities in the media. The research is based on 15 interviews carried out in Slovenia and Poland between 2006-2009 with journalists, editors, researchers, workers of NGOs, government representatives and Roma minority leaders. This study is also based on policy documents, reports of governments, NGOs and international organisations, academic literature and content analysis of Roma minority media.

The aim of our research is to explore the activities in the area of humanitarian diplomacy. We are seeking to find an answer to the question to what extent public diplomacy, based on humanitarian diplomacy, intercultural dialogue, respecting human rights can be effective in positioning a country in a high position on the international stage. The aim of this article is to analyze humanitarian diplomacy as a significant tool in the conduct of foreign affairs. We would also like to answer the question of the role that humanitarian diplomacy plays in the foreign policy of Switzerland and Sweden, and secondly to what extent values such as humanitarian aid, human rights and promotion of intercultural dialogue reinforce the images of the countries in question and constitute a key element of the Swiss and Swedish models of public diplomacy.

This paper describes efforts in creating a new image of the city, on the example of Wrocław in Poland, using the case of its application of European Capital of Culture in 2016. We explore how the idea of multiculturality, that became a leading theme in Wrocław's application for ECoC 2016, had been crafted in practice in the city that is, in fact, highly homogenous. We also analyze how history is being used in city branding and how it can be creatively used to managed the image of the city among the wide public. We conclude that Wrocław has been successful in creating the image of multiculturality and constitute an interesting example to study by both theoreticians and practitioners of public management.

<p>Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu połączenie dwóch aspektów badań w ramach stosunków międzynarodowych: studiów nad diasporami oraz dyplomacją, jak również uwzględnia innych aktorów takich jak miasta i ich rolę w stosunkach międzynarodowych. Staramy się odpowiedzieć na pytanie kim są aktorzy zaangażowani w ten proces, w jaki sposób on przebiega oraz jakie są jego kierunki. Artykuł ma również wskazać powiązania między diasporami a dyplomacją miast. Przyglądamy się współczesnym miastom, ich polityce i relacjom z diasporami, ale z perspektywy historycznej. Interesuje nas bowiem w jaki sposób można skutecznie wykorzystać w obecność przez lata w przestrzeni publicznej diaspor prowadzenie dziś polityki integracji społecznej i realizacji zadań z zakresu city diplomacy.</p>

Historical Memory of Cities. The Concepts of City Diplomacy
Cities play a very important role in contemporary international relations. We introduce the concept of city diplomacy in this paper. Many important themes addressed by cities within the framework of city diplomacy are those related to history. Cities often build their promotional narratives around them. We look at selected contemporary cities and their policies in the area of cultural diversity, taking into account the historical perspective. For many cities, the building of a community of memories and the running of a coherent narrative using history are becoming very important elements in strengthening their identity and image. The article will point to museums as an example of such activity.

Cities create a transcultural sphere and a platform for transcultural dialogue.Cities play an important cultural-creative role and they try to become policy player onat the international level. The aim of this study is to evaluate the actions taken in cities from two perspectives. On the one hand how the multicultural (multi-lingual and multi-religious) cityscape is shaped, how the city is governed in order to create a space termed as a 'meeting place'. On the other hand how these undertakings affect the image of the city on the international stage and how they contribute to the city diplomacy strategy.