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For the author the great structural changes undergone by modern European society in what some havecalled the Second Demographic Transition represent fresh challenges for Urbanistics especially when thismust handle the planning of equality within diversity. The paper examines the upshot for city and territorialplanning of bearing in mind the urban calls on this deriving from the new analytic consideration of gender.Amongst these, the spatial consequences of accepting and giving its due to looking after and caring for othersas another form of productive effort on the same standing as wage earning are here forwarded to explainhow these question planning assumptions as to the siting of housing, the work place, leisure and the providingof facilities. In the area of transport, the paper proposes the adopting of a new concept, namely citizenmobility. The paper is rounded out by a cataloguing of the policies, programmes and regulations in force inboth Europe and Spain in particular that require government to promote gender equality in housing andcity and territorial planning policies. ; Los grandes cambios estructurales en las sociedades europeas que han dado en llamarse SegundaTransición Demográfica plantean nuevos retos al urbanismo, en particular el de cómo planificar parala igualdad en la diversidad. Este artículo explora las implicaciones urbanísticas derivadas de considerarlas necesidades en la ciudad desde el punto de vista de la nueva categoría analítica del género. Entre ellas,las consecuencias espaciales de reconocer y revalorizar el trabajo de cuidado y atención a las personas comoun trabajo tan importante como el empleo remunerado. Explica cómo ello pone en cuestión nociones urbanísticasasumidas sobre los lugares de vivienda, empleo, ocio y equipamiento. En un campo específico, el deltransporte, el artículo propone la introducción de un nuevo concepto, la movilidad del cuidado. Por último,hace referencia a las políticas, programas y regulaciones legales, desarrolladas en Europa y en España, quehoy obligan a todas las administraciones públicas a promover la igualdad de género en sus políticas urbanasy de vivienda.

In western countries, transformation of relationship between genres, and transformation of the traditional sexual division of work, has completely disrupted family support services and, especially, those ones, directed to dependant people. On the other hand, in social and urban politics, the answer to this challenge is being very weak and very different from one country to another, being women, in particular, the ones who need more clearly, specific spatial necessities on the different scales and sectorial aspects of urbanism. This article defines the concepts of "enew veryday life" and "infrastructures for everyday life", and analyzes their historical background and illustrates them with contemporary experiences. The article ends up with a critical reflection about the Spanish case. ; En los países occidentales, la transformación de las relaciones de género y de la tradicional división sexual del trabajo ha trastocado las necesidades de servicios de apoyo a la familia y, en especial, a las personas dependientes. Sin embargo, en las políticas sociales y urbanísticas, la respuesta a esta situación está siendo débil y muy dispar de unos países a otros. Son, además, las mujeres quienes manifiestan necesidades espaciales más diferenciadas en las distintas escalas y aspectos sectoriales del urbanismo. Este artículo define los conceptos de "nueva vida cotidiana" e "infraestructura para la vida cotidiana", analiza sus antecedentes históricos y los ilustra con experiencias contemporáneas.

The New Urban Agenda, in conjunction with the Sustainable Development Goals, sets a new and ambitious framework within which a new, more effective and systematic generation of policies addressing gender issues in planning should be implemented. I will argue in this article that technical knowledge based on sound research will be a key element on which to build this new round of policies aiming at an effective mainstreaming of gender dimensions within the field of urban policies and planning. Although there is a significant body of research on the topic of gender and cities created over the last four decades, the fact is that up to now this has not translated into effective experiences in the planning domain. While social planning areas in some countries do on occasion consider systematically gender dimensions, there is practically no experience that could be defined as gender mainstreaming into physical planning. The first section of the article focuses on how research and academia can contribute to creating the mechanisms to be set in place for the follow up and review of the New Urban Agenda. The second section looks at key objectives, topics, strategies and criteria that planning needs to take into account if it is to fully take into account gender issues. ; La Nuova Agenda Urbana, insieme agli Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile, stabilisce un nuovo e ambizioso quadro all'interno del quale dovrebbe essere attuata una nuova, più efficace e sistematica generazione di politiche che affrontano questioni di genere nella pianificazione. Sostengo in questo articolo che la conoscenza tecnica, basata su una appropriata ricerca sarà un elemento chiave su cui costruire questo nuovo ciclo di politiche volte ad un'effettiva integrazione della dimensione di genere nel campo delle politiche urbane e della pianificazione. Anche se vi è un corpus significativo di ricerche sul tema del genere e le città sviluppate nel corso degli ultimi quattro decenni, il fatto è che fino ad ora ciò non si è tradotto in esperienze effettive nel campo della pianificazione. Mentre le aree della pianificazione sociale in alcuni paesi a volte prendono in considerazione sistematicamente le dimensioni di genere, non esiste praticamente alcuna esperienza che potrebbe essere definita come esempio di integrazione delle tematiche di genere nella pianificazione fisica. La prima parte di questo articolo si concentra su come la ricerca e il mondo accademico possono contribuire a creare i meccanismi da attuare per il follow-up e la revisione della nuova Agenda urbana. La seconda parte analizza gli obiettivi chiave, gli argomenti, le strategie e i criteri che la pianificazione deve considerare se vuole tenere pienamente conto delle questioni di genere.

Gender is one of five priorities of the European Research Area, as stated in the Communication adopted in July 2012 entitled A Reinforced European Research Area Partnership for Excellence and Growth (EC 2012c). Following this Communication, the EC has fully integrated gender dimensions in its proposal for a regulation on the new research framework program Horizon 2020¸ which includes in article 15 a provision for gender mainstreaming (EC 2011b). One final upcoming policy instrument announced by the EC is the Recommendation on Gender, Science and Innovation that will address member states and be adopted in the next months. Against this European policy background , the international COST network genderSTE (Gender, Science, Technology and Environment) aims at enhancing a better integration of gender dimensions in science and technology at three main levels: i) promoting women's careers in science and technology through structural change of institutions (as recommended by EC) by disseminating existing research and practice; ii) promoting a better integration of gender in the content of science, research and technology, by dissemination existing research on the topic, ie the UE-US Gendered Innovations Project; iii) identifying gender dimensions relevant to environment-related Horizon2020 Grand Challenges and other urban EC initiatives. ; Il genere è una delle cinque priorità dello Spazio europeo della ricerca, come dichiarato nella comunicazione adottata nel luglio 2012 dal titolo A Reinforced European Research Area Partnership for Excellence and Growth (CE 2012C). A seguito di tale comunicazione, la CE ha pienamente integrato le dimensioni di genere nella sua proposta di regolamento sui nuovi programmi quadro di ricerca Horizon 2020¸ che prevede all'articolo 15 una disposizione per il mainstreaming di genere (CE 2011b). Un prossimo strumento di politica annunciato dalla CE è Recommendation on Gender, Science and Innovation, indirizzata agli Stati membri e sarà adottata nei prossimi mesi. In questo contesto di politiche europee, la rete internazionale COST genderSTE (genere, Scienza, Tecnologia e Ambiente) mira a consolidare una migliore integrazione della dimensione di genere nel campo della scienza e della tecnologia a tre livelli principali: i) promuovere le carriere delle donne nella scienza e nella tecnologia attraverso un cambiamento strutturale delle istituzioni (come consigliato dalla CE) per la diffusione di ricerche e pratiche esistenti; ii) promuovere una migliore integrazione di genere nel contenuto della scienza, della ricerca e della tecnologia, mediante la diffusione di ricerche esistenti sul tema, per esempio la EU-US Gendered Innovations Project; iii) individuare le dimensioni di genere rilevanti per le Grandi Sfide di Horizon 2020 e altre iniziative urbane della CE.

Índice El problema del conocimiento El problema de la legitimidad Notas ReferenciasResumenDesde un punto de vista teórico, la crítica fundamental a la planificación participa de la puesta en cuestión, desde los campos de la filosofía y la ciencia política, del modo de conocimiento asociado a la racionalidad científico-técnica de raíz ilustrada, y, sobre todo, de la manera en que tal conocimiento es aplicado a la formulación de proyectos de ingeniería social que pretenden inducir, anticipándose en el tiempo, determinadas transformaciones de la realidad. Esta crítica tiene, en lo que nos concierne, dos facetas relevantes.La primera faceta es de carácter epistemológico, y se refiere a la adecuación del conocimiento científico-técnico en sí: ¿es el conocimiento técnico un conocimiento suficiente y/o adecuado a una comprensión cabal de la realidad? ¿no existen otros modos de conocer, como puede ser, en el caso del urbanismo, el de los habitantes, que sean también necesarios para esta comprensión? ¿es posible, en muchos casos, comprender los fenómenos en su complejidad y, sobre todo, se sabe cómo modificarlos en la dirección deseada? ¿se podrían atribuir algunos conocidos desastres de la planificación a la frecuente prepotencia del saber técnico?La segunda faceta de la crítica se refiere a la legitimidad -rasgo ineludible de la acción pública en una democracia- de la utilización del conocimiento técnico para intentar transformar la realidad en una dirección determinada: ¿quién decide cuál debe ser esa dirección, es decir, cómo se determina la agenda pública? ¿puede tomarse esa decisión sobre criterios exclusivamente de carácter técnico? ¿no se deben la ineficiencia, los efectos contraproducentes, a veces la ingenuidad, de muchos actos de planificación, a la ausencia de una legitimación adecuada en la toma de decisiones?AbstractFrom a theoretical viewpoint, the fundamental criticism levelled against planning originates in the fields of philosophy and political science. It has to do with the mode of knowledge associated with Enlightenment techno-scientific reason, but more importantly, with how this knowledge is applied to formulate social engineering projects intended to induce certain transformations of reality. From a theoretical viewpoint, the fundamental criticism levelled against planning originates in the fields of philosophy and political science. It has to do with the mode of knowledge associated with Enlightenment techno-scientific reason, but more importantly, with how this knowledge is applied to formulate social engineering projects intended to induce certain transformations of reality. This criticism, as it concerns us, has two relevant facets:The first facet is epistemological, and refers to the adequacy of techno-scientific knowledge itself: Is technical knowledge sufficient and/or suitable for a full understanding of reality? Are there not other kinds of knowledge that are also necessary for this understanding, such as, in the case of urbanism, the way the inhabitants know their surroundings? Is it possible, in many cases, to understand phenomena in all their complexity and, above all, to know how to modify them along the desired direction? Could some wellknown planning disasters be attributed to the frequently overbearing nature of technical knowledge?The second facet refers to an unavoidable feature of public action in a democracy: the legitimacy of using technical knowledge to attempt to transform reality in a certain direction: Who decides what this direction should be, i.e., how is the public agenda determined? Can this decision be taken using only technical criteria? Are not inefficiency, counterproductive effects and sometimes the ingenuousness of many planning actions due to the absence of suitable legitimacy in decision-making?

Índice Orígenes del Plan Estatal de Desarrollo y Remodelación Urbana de Nueva Jersey. El contenido sustantivo del Plan: objetivos, políticas estatales y su territorialización. El plan como proceso : el procedimiento de cross acceptance y los instrumentos de puesta en práctica. Conclusiones. Referencias. Resumen Este artículo aborda el problema del control del crecimiento disperso en los actuales contextos descentralizados a través del estudio del caso del estado norteamericano de Nueva Jersey. Se trata de un caso de planificación estatal enteramente negociado, con una amplísimo proceso de participación pública que es considerado por muchos un modelo de planificación por consenso. Desde el punto de vista de sus contenidos sustantivos, se trata de un plan con un claro objetivo de control de la dispersión y de reducción de sus impactos económicos, ambientales y sociales. El plan se fundamenta en tres grandes líneas; control del gasto en infraestructuras, promoción del crecimiento compacto con usos mixtos y coordinación intergubernamental. Desde el punto de vista del plan como proceso y de su instrumentación, se caracteriza por poner en práctica un proceso denominado cross-acceptance, o aceptación cruzada, que incluye un procedimiento de negociación entre el estado, las administraciones locales y regionales, las agencias estatales y los actores sociales y económicos. Su instrumentación se basa en un sistema de incentivos y de vinculación de la inversión pública en infraestructuras y equipamientos a los objetivos del plan. La importancia de su desarrollo y aplicación como un proceso democrático de aprendizaje social, abierto y participativo en el que hay un verdadero debate donde se hace pública la información, se contrastan argumentos y se acuerdan soluciones es el aspecto de mayor interés de esta experiencia desde la perspectiva española. Abstract This article tackles the problem of the control of sprawl in present day decentralized contexts through a case study of the State of New Jersey. This is a case of state planning that was entirely negotiated, with a broad process of public participation, and is considered by many to be a model of planning by consensus building. From the point of view of its substantive content, it is a plan with the clear objective of controlling sprawl and reducing economic, environmental and social impacts. The plan is founded on three major strategies; control of spending on infrastructures, promotion of compact growth with mixed uses and intergovernmental coordination. From the point of view of the plan as a process and of its instrumentation, it is characterized by the putting into practice of a process called cross-acceptance, which includes a procedure of negotiation between the state, local and regional administrations, state agencies and social and economic actors. The instrumentation of the plan is based on a system of incentives and the linking of public investment in infrastructures and equipment to the objectives of the plan. The importance of the development and application of the plan as a democratic process of social learning, open and participatory, in which there is a true public debate where the information is made public, arguments are contrasted and solutions are agreed upon, is the most interesting aspect of this experience from the Spanish perspective.

For the author the great structural changes undergone by modern European society in what some havecalled the Second Demographic Transition represent fresh challenges for Urbanistics especially when thismust handle the planning of equality within diversity. The paper examines the upshot for city and territorialplanning of bearing in mind the urban calls on this deriving from the new analytic consideration of gender.Amongst these, the spatial consequences of accepting and giving its due to looking after and caring for othersas another form of productive effort on the same standing as wage earning are here forwarded to explainhow these question planning assumptions as to the siting of housing, the work place, leisure and the providingof facilities. In the area of transport, the paper proposes the adopting of a new concept, namely citizenmobility. The paper is rounded out by a cataloguing of the policies, programmes and regulations in force inboth Europe and Spain in particular that require government to promote gender equality in housing andcity and territorial planning policies. ; Los grandes cambios estructurales en las sociedades europeas que han dado en llamarse SegundaTransición Demográfica plantean nuevos retos al urbanismo, en particular el de cómo planificar parala igualdad en la diversidad. Este artículo explora las implicaciones urbanísticas derivadas de considerarlas necesidades en la ciudad desde el punto de vista de la nueva categoría analítica del género. Entre ellas,las consecuencias espaciales de reconocer y revalorizar el trabajo de cuidado y atención a las personas comoun trabajo tan importante como el empleo remunerado. Explica cómo ello pone en cuestión nociones urbanísticasasumidas sobre los lugares de vivienda, empleo, ocio y equipamiento. En un campo específico, el deltransporte, el artículo propone la introducción de un nuevo concepto, la movilidad del cuidado. Por último,hace referencia a las políticas, programas y regulaciones legales, desarrolladas en Europa y en España, quehoy obligan a todas las administraciones públicas a promover la igualdad de género en sus políticas urbanasy de vivienda.

En los países occidentales, la transformación de las relaciones de género y de la tradicional división sexual del trabajo ha trastocado las necesidades de servicios de apoyo a la familia y, en especial, a las personas dependientes. Sin embargo, en las políticas sociales y urbanísticas, la respuesta a esta situación está siendo débil y muy dispar de unos países a otros. Son, además, las mujeres quienes manifiestan necesidades espaciales más diferenciadas en las distintas escalas y aspectos sectoriales del urbanismo. Este artículo define los conceptos de "nueva vida cotidiana" e "infraestructura para la vida cotidiana", analiza sus antecedentes históricos y los ilustra con experiencias contemporáneas ; In western countries, transformation of relationship between genres, and transformation of the traditional sexual division of work, has completely disrupted family support services and, especially, those ones, directed to dependant people. On the other hand, in social and urban politics, the answer to this challenge is being very weak and very different from one country to another, being women, in particular, the ones who need more clearly, specific spatial necessities on the different scales and sectorial aspects of urbanism. This article defines the concepts of "enew veryday life" and "infrastructures for everyday life", and analyzes their historical background and illustrates them with contemporary experiences. The article ends up with a critical reflection about the Spanish case

"Engendering Cities examines the contemporary research, policy and practice of designing for gender in urban spaces. Gender matters in city design, yet despite legislative mandates across the globe to provide equal access to services for men and women alike, these issues are still often overlooked or inadequately addressed. This book looks at critical aspects of contemporary cities regarding gender, including topics such as transport, housing, public health, education, caring, infrastructure, as well as issues which are rarely addressed in planning, design and policy such as the importance of toilets for education and clothes washers for freeing time. In the first section, a number of chapters in the book assess past, current and projected conditions in cities vis-a-vis gender issues and needs. In the second section, the book assesses existing policy, planning and design efforts to improve women's and men's concerns in urban living. Finally, it proposes changes to existing policies and practices in urban planning and design, including its thinking (theory) and norms (ethics). The book applies the current scholarship on theory and practice related to gender in a planning context, elaborating on some critical community-focused reflections on gender and design. It will be key reading for scholars and students of planning, architecture, design, gender studies, sociology, anthropology, geography, and political science. It will also be of interest to practitioners and policy makers, providing discussion of emerging topics in the field"--

This paper provides an overview of the history of the first women graduates in architecture in Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey. Based on a review of digital archives and secondary sources written by local researchers, the aim of this research is to contribute to the dissemination and valorisation of women's work and contributions to the history of modern architecture. The three countries under study constitute one of the most interesting European peripheries from the point of view of architecture, but also from the point of view of gender studies and women's history. Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey, with their peculiarities and differences, condense in their recent history the political and cultural milestones that clearly show the direct link between the advance of democracy and women's rights. Similarly, all this has an impact on architecture and urban planning; from the type and focus of projects and plans that are developed as a priority, to the people who are recognised and validated by architectural culture and its historical narrative. The research reveals the barriers and alliances of the first generations of women who studied architecture in Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey. It also reveals certain trends in the way the profession is practised, almost always linked to the socio-political context of the country and the percentage of women in the profession, among other considerations. Working for public institutions is seen as a priority working environment from which many of them have been able to make great contributions to their countries, developing infrastructures, public facilities and regulatory frameworks to improve spatial standards. Housing and heritage conservation are two areas in which these generations of women have been particularly active, some of them becoming international references in this field.

Bringing together a diverse team of leading scholars and professionals, this book offers a variety of insights into ongoing gender mainstreaming policies in Europe with a focus on urban/spatial planning. Gender mainstreaming was first legislated for in the European Union with the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1999 and, although many interesting developments have occurred throughout the decade that followed, there is still much to do in terms of policy, knowledge production, dissemination and education. This work contributes to all three objectives, by advancing the state of knowledge, as well as prov.

This article illustrates the semantic and political implications of suppressing the use of the term gender in the title of a law. The Real Academia Española proposed that the word gender, in the Spanish language, does not have the cultural significance necessary for its use, making the term gender-based violence grammatically incorrect. Instead, the REA proposes the term domestic violence, which functions as a linguistic cover up of the different forms of violence against women, given that domestic violence is perceived as a private matter, thus reducing the public support needed for government to take the necessary steps for its eradication.