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Abstract. Childhood is socially constructed, depending on social, economic and cultural circumstances. Poverty, social differences, conflicts, and social injustice have a negative impact on children's lives. The aim of the article is to present childhoods under conditions of exploitation. Despite general progress, and the emancipation of children's rights, data confirm an increase in the number of children who are engaged in war conflicts, perform difficult and inappropriate work, or in slavery. In conclusion, the exploitation of children is considered in the context of social conditions and processes, neoliberal capitalism, globalisation, and documents that guarantee children's rights.
Keywords: childhood, exploitation, children's rights, social inequalities, globalisation

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Rural youth and societies within post-socialist and transitional contexts -- 1 Leaving the Croatian countryside: local context and rural youth aspirations -- 2 Uneven demographic development within Croatia, 1950s-present: implications for rural quality of life and youth out-migration -- 3 Rural youth and school-based political socialization: the case of Croatia -- 4 Sociocultural capital among rural youth in Croatia -- 5 Coming of age in the Czech countryside: life and educational transition contexts for rural youth -- 6 The contradictions of education in Russia: resilient and struggling schools in the context of rural depopulation and decline -- 7 The case of Serbia: the orientations of rural young adults towards education, work, and emigration -- 8 Diverse migration processes of rural youth and young adults in Hungary -- 9 Roma youth and on-the-ground implementation of Roma education policies in rural Romania -- 10 Vietnamese youth, schools, and communities in transition: a decade after the administrative boundary extension of Hanoi -- Conclusion: Rural people and places in transitional societies: leaning into an uncertain future -- Index.