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Klappentext: Categories of analysis in the social sciences include the binary pair 'nature' and 'culture', as defined by western societies. Anthropologists have often imputed these categories to the world-views of non-western people and the construct has acquired the status of a universal. It has been further argued that culture (that which is regulated by human thought and technology) is universally valued as being superior to nature (the unregulated); and that female is universally associated with nature (and is therefore inferior and to be dominated) and male with culture. The essays in this volume question these propositions. They examine the assumptions behind them analytically and historically, and present ethnographic evidence to show that the dichotomy between nature and culture, and its association with a contrast between the sexes, is a particularity of western thought. The book is a commentary on the way anthropologists working within the western tradition have projected their own ideas on to the thought systems of other peoples. Its form is largely anthropological, but it will have a wide appeal within the social sciences and the humanities, especially among those interested in structuralist thought and women's studies.

ARTICLE USES DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS TO ASSESS SEX & PARTY DIFFERENCES ACROSS 4 ASPECTS OF PARTY ORGANIZATION. RESULTS ILLUSTRATE THAT GENDER ROLES OPERATE MOST DISTINCTLY IN THE AREAS OF ELECTORAL AMBITION & PARTY ACTIVITIES. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE THAT PARTY ACTIVISTS' GENDER-RELATED BEHAVIOR CAN BE BETTER UNDERSTOOD BY DISCOVERING HOW THE CONTEXT OF PARTY ORG. EITHER MODIFIES OR REINFORCES SUCH BEHAVIOR.

Untersuchung der Auswirkungen des Nebeneinander von kapitalistischer und nicht-kapitalistischer Produktionsweise auf Frauenarbeit und Klassenbildung der Frauen; Herausarbeitung der unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen auf Männer und Frauen

Three consecutive waves (1967-1969) of interview data collected in the US National Longitudinal Surveys of the labor market experiences of young people are used to show that if work experience is measured by the formula "age - schooling - six (five)," returns in hourly wages to work experience appear to be much larger for Ms than Fs. Most economists interpret this finding as the result of training & job experience. However, if work experience is measured independently of age & schooling, Fs & Ms have about the same rate of return to a full-time equivalent month of work experience. The gap between Fs' & Ms' wages increases because of age, not work experience. Young Ms are paid more as they age because of age; young Fs are not. 4 Tables, 32 References. Modified HA.

THE AMERICAN VOTER PUBLISHED 1956 DATA SHOWING MALES TO BE MORE LIKELY THAN FEMALES TO CONCEPTUALIZE POLITICS IN ABSTRACT TERMS. THIS ARTICLE EXTENDS THAT ANALYSIS THROUGH 1980, USING DATA FROM THE CPS NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES. THE AGGREGATE GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CONCEPTUALIZATION PERSIST THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE PERIOD. CONTROLS FOR EDUCATION AND POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT FAIL TO DIMINISH THE GENDER GAP IN CONCEPTUALIZATION. HOWEVER, FOR THE 1972 TO 1980 PERIOD, CONTROLLING FOR WOMEN'S SEX-ROLE ORIENTATIONS SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCES MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES IN CONCEPTUALIZATION.

An analysis of the application of the biopolitical perspective to explanations of gender differences in political participation. Using the heuristic device of a causal model, two endocrine-based mechanisms proposed in political science literature are examined: (1) the linking of M androgens with more assertive kinds of political involvement; & (2) the linking of menstruation with cyclical mood changes & political behavior & attitudes. After review of pertinent biological, psychological, & political science literatures, both explanations are rejected. An interactive biobehavioral paradigm is outlined, & several examples are suggested for further exploration of biological factors in political behavior & gender. 4 Figures. HA.

The relationship between two types of question format & racial or gender stereotypes was examined using a probability sample of 381 adult Tallahassee, Fla, residents. One type of format used agree-disagree responses & questions asked only about blacks or women. In the second format, women were compared with men & blacks with whites on the same stereotypes used in the first format. More negative portrayals of blacks & women occurred using the comparative stereotype format, & differences between formats were statistically significant (p<.001) on all 8 stereotype questions. In addition, over 50% of the rs between racial or gender stereotypes & other variables (eg, R's age or education) differed significantly by format. Implications of these results for survey methodology & for the theoretical concept of "stereotype" are discussed. 4 Tables. AA.