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The article deals with the problem of illegal marriages among the Ukrainian Orthodox population of the XVIIIth ‒ the first half of the ХІХth centuries. The Scientific Novelty. The study of the common people family life in the context of various directions of a historical anthropology has determined the topicality, the scientific novelty of the issue under analysis and the need to study a significant array of sources of an administrative, procedural and legal direction, especially, the ego-documents from seven state archives. The Methodology of the Research. The research objectives were solved at the sensory and rational levels of cognition, but with the use of the general scientific (analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization, verification, etc.), special historical methods – prosopographic, a critical analysis and sources deconstruction and the principle of objectivity. The Conclusions. The marriages of persons of both sexes were considered invalid: if concluded between one or both mentally disabled brides; not divorced but remarried; divorced, when one representative of the couple did not have a permission for a new marriage and violated this requirement. The factors that caused a disorderly marital mobility and illegal marriages have been determined ‒ the restrictions on divorce rights, an uncontrolled mobility of the population, the lack of an effective institution of a passport control, church ceremony weddings of brides not in their native parishes, a long-term absence of one marital partner, documents falsification, giving false information by witnesses, etc. It has been determined that violation of matrimonial requirements could give rise to a special type of adultery ‒ bigamy (polygamy (polygyny) and polygamy (polyandry)). According to a civil law, an invalid marriage was terminated and the bigamist had to return to his legal spouse. In the case of divorce – the victim had the right to form a new family union, and the bigamist as a violator was doomed to celibacy. Soldiers' wives had a special status: the divorce process had certain restrictions. Since 1812, on condition of an unknown absence of a military man for seven years, his wife could file for divorce. Beginning in 1841, no terms of a military man absence were taken into account by the court, only a documentary evidence of the death of an officer or soldier allowed his wife to remarry.

This thesis analyses the East Timorese heritage-making process, from an anthropological perspective. The aim of this thesis is to examine the tensions and ambivalences towards heritage, both at an institutional level and in everyday cultural practices, by focusing on the grey areas and intersections between the normative discursive practices developed by governmental apparatuses and local ways of conceiving heritage, particularly in the Venilale area, in the Baukau region. The research is based on 15-month of multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork between the sub-region of Venilale, the region and town of Baukau and the capital city of the country, Dili. The analytical tools offered by the theoretical framework of the Critical Heritage Studies are central in this analysis, which reconfigures heritage as a set of active practices and discursive processes developed by different actors, among which governmental institutions, policymakers and local customary representative. Local understandings regarding the transmission of valuable goods and resources allow to overcome the dichotomic tensions between natural and cultural and tangible and intangible cultural heritage, underlying the Western perspective on heritage. ; Este trabalho analisa os processos de patrimonialização em Timor-Leste, desde uma perspetiva antropológica. O objetivo da tese é examinar as tensões e ambivalências em relação ao património, tanto a nível institucional como nas práticas culturais quotidianas, centrando-se nas zonas cinzentas e nas intersecções entre as práticas discursivas normativas relativas à criação do património, desenvolvidas quer a nível governamental quer a nível local, nomeadamente na zona de Venilale, na região de Baukau. A investigação baseia-se em 15 meses de trabalho de campo etnográfico multi situado, entre a sub-região de Venilale, a região e a cidade de Baukau e a capital do país, Díli. Os instrumentos analíticos oferecidos pelo quadro teórico dos 'Critical Heritage Studies' (Estudos Críticos do Património)são centrais nesta análise, que reconfigura o património como um conjunto de práticas ativas e processos discursivos desenvolvidos por diferentes atores sociais, entre os quais instituições governamentais, decisores políticos e representantes locais. Os entendimentos locais sobre a transmissão de bens e recursos, permitem ultrapassar as tensões dicotómicas entre o património natural e cultural e o património cultural material e imaterial, subjacentes à perspetiva ocidental sobre o património.

The author offers the system of professional training of future officers of missile and artillery armament as a step towards solving the problem of improving the professional training of future officers of missile and artillery armament taking into account new development and modernization patterns of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. This system includes the enforcement of the following pedagogical conditions: 1) increasing the motivation while developing a willingness for professional work; 2) integration of general and specialized knowledge of professional competence of future officers of missile and artillery armament; 3) developing the skills of combat response of future officers of missile and artillery armament; 4) enhancing the professional competency of the scientific and teaching staff in specific military subjects; as well as developing a willingness of future officers of missile and artillery armament for professional activity.The article considers the influence of the mentioned pedagogical conditions of the author's system on the quality of cadets' performance in the courses involved in the pedagogical experiment ("Construction and Operation of the Artillery Devices", "Fundamentals of Missile and Artillery Armament and Maintenance Means", "Missiles and Ammunition", "Construction and Operation of Missile and Artillery Armament and Electric System", "Use of Weapons and Military Vehicles") concerning the implementation of the given system into educational process of higher military educational institution.The analysis, conducted in the article, is indicative of the fact that implementing the author's pedagogical system of professional training of future officers of missile and artillery armament in educational process of military institutions of higher education is effective on the basis of the developed methodology in the context of the mentioned pedagogical conditions.The article also presents the changes introduced in the educational process of training of future officers of missile and artillery armament on the base of the results of the experimental work. ; У статті розглянуто вплив педагогічних умов системи професійної підготовки майбутніх офіцерів ракетно-артилерійського озброєння на якість їхньої успішності з навчальних дисциплін, задіяних у педагогічному експерименті ("Будова та експлуатація артилерійських приладів", "Основи побудови ракетно-артилерійського озброєння та ремонтних засобів", "Ракети і боєприпаси", "Будова та експлуатація ракетно-артилерійського озброєння та електричних систем", "Організація експлуатації озброєння та військової техніки") щодо реалізації у навчальному процесі вищого військового навчального закладу зазначеної авторської системи. Наведено зміни, внесені в освітній процес підготовки майбутніх офіцерів ракетно-артилерійського озброєння на підставі результатів експериментальної роботи.

Student unrest of 1956 in Soviet universities is examined based on the example of the Ural State University and the Ural Polytechnic Institute in Sverdlovsk. Student attitudes are analyzed in terms of social and critical thinking, and the reaction of authorities — in light of the policy towards the intelligentsia. The theoretical and methodological frame of analysis is constructivism, with emphasis put on aspects of bilateral, reciprocal design and temporality. The empirical base consists of documents from the collections of the Documentation Centre of the Social Institutions of Sverdlovsk Region, the University Museum, as well as materials from local and national press. The mid 1950's were marked by a radical revision of the limits of acceptable criticism, which was unfolding until the end of 1956. Unorthodox activity was not regarded as seditious up until a point. The gap, interval between the original action and the resulting stigmatizing mark shows how such a notion crystallized. At some point it seemed as if you could criticize everyone and everything. It is shown that the most crucial effect was produced not by the theme of student statements but rather by a mismatch in the magnitude of the subjects and objects of public criticism. The position of authorities was to depoliticize student activity, while using such a relatively new course as pathologizing objectification: the younger generation was treated as a bearer of specific problems requiring special attention. "Labor education" with emphasis on hard physical labor was used as the universal lifesaver. Sundays at construction sites, hedgehog-fit visits to farms, as well as sending expelled students to factories inform the phenomenon of organic intellectuals "on the contrary" (in the words of A. Gramsci and N. Savelyeva). At the same time, the pragmatic benefits of resolving to admit to universities only those who had sufficient work experience was not reduced to disposing of students' "unhealthy moods", but rather "postponement" of higher education was to attract the youngsters to the virgin lands and construction sites. Students themselves insisted on the political connotations of their actions. The desire of the young generation to "catch the winds of history in their sails" was gradually accumulated in the concept of romance, which had yet to displace the patriotism and heroism that prevailed within the ideological orientations and the official rhetoric of the 50's.

Based on the ideas of historicism and continuity in the development of political and scientific concepts, the article traces the influence of the Cyril and Methodius concept on the creation of an independent state on the principles of respect of the national identity of the Ukrainian people, its leading role in liberating all Slavic peoples from the tsarist government and choosing democratic institutions and the structure of the state following the example of the Federation of North American States. On this basis, the further humanistic tradition of Ukrainians in creating their own military sphere is revealed. Insufficient attention to it had led to sad consequences - the inability to defend the revolutionary achievements of the civil war in the 20s of the last century, the defeat of the national liberation armed resistance to the Stalinist-Bolshevik regime of 30-40's XX centuries in Western Ukraine, the lack of modern military doctrine at the intersection of the XX - XXI centuries and a weakened military organization, which at first could not adequately resist Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine.
However, the positive influence of the Methodists on this part of the national spirit and existence was to foster a new generation of fighters, humanists, scientists to activism and the creation of a theory (doctrine) of the Ukrainian national military sphere. The concept of the Cyril and Methodius was a synchronous liberation movement of Ukrainians together with other Slavic peoples, to jointly oppose the tsar and rely on the strength of the armed people, without elaborating on the army, military organization in general. According to the methodological guidelines, to evaluate the achievements of predecessors not by mistakes, but by what had been done, the humanistic tendency of prominent members of the society to struggle for the freedom in Ukraine is revealed. Cyril and Methodius inspired (Ipokrena) a new generation of fighters, humanists, scientists of the "Kiev" military-theoretical school to substantiate the peculiarities of the Ukrainian national military sphere.
The next generation of Ukrainian thinkers managed to realize the urgent need to create the theoretical foundations of the military sphere on the borderline synthesis of democracy, humanism, revolutionary romance of members of the Cyril and Methodius Society with strict requirements of military necessity.

As a result of the reform of the Ukrainian Civil Procedural Law in 2017, civil justice has undergone significant changes. That is, – courts of first instance may consider civil cases in a general proceeding or in a summary proceeding.

The issue of legislative regulation and practical implementation of summary proceeding in civil litigation is in the focus of scientists and legal practitioners. To date, a separate Chapter 10 of Section III of the current Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, which has the title – "Review of cases in summary proceedings" is devoted to a summary proceeding. This Chapter of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine determines the categories of cases to be considered in the procedure of summary proceedings, as well as the cases that cannot be considered in the procedure of summary proceeding, procedural features and the procedure for considering such cases.

At the same time, there are a number of disadvantages that cause certain problems that negatively affect to the theoretical basis and practical aspect of summary proceeding implementation in civil litigation in the part of the normative consolidation of the summary proceeding in the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine.

Consequently, the issue of "minor cases" and the determination by courts of grounds for the consideration in summary proceeding of civil cases is the subject of our attention in this article.

Particularly these issues concern the lack of legal definition of the concept of "minor cases" at the legislative level, as well as the lack of clear criteria for assigning a particular case to the category of "minor" ones. Special attention should be paid to the effectiveness of the introduction of so-called "cassational filters" for minor cases in the current Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine.

The authors concluded that it is necessary to give a legitimate definition of the concept of minor cases and clear criteria for their definition as well as the fact that the institution of summary proceeding requires further improvement and development.

So, it is considered appropriate to draw attention to motivating the courts` decisions, as well as wider application of the provisions of the principles of proportionality of civil judicial proceedings and cooperation between the parties and the court to ensure the realization of the main task – the effective protection of claimant`s violated rights.

Post-peace accord Colombia is full of paradoxes. Progress in political participation, in inclusion, and heightened social mobilisation are unfolding against a backdrop of persistent violence and insecurity. While the end of the war with the FARC-Ep has enabled relevant democratic advances, the lack of implementation regarding the peace accord as well as the current government's policies raise serious concerns about the prospects for peace and democracy.
The peace agreement between the state and FARC-Ep guerrillas has been a contested subject in Colombian politics. Although the transition has been far from smooth, it has enabled opportunities for peacebuilding and shifted the public debate towards issues such as inequality and corruption.
Amid this transitional context, President Iván Duque's government has not managed to develop a political project according to the post-accord scenario. Unable to either please the most radical factions of his right-wing party, Democratic Centre, or to build a government in line with the demands of the Colombian citizenry, Duque's approval rating has plummeted to just 23 per cent.
Social discontent manifested on the streets in the form of mass demonstrations at the end of 2019. While the demands made point to long-standing problems, the shortcomings of the current government have led to discontent being channelled through the figure of Duque specifically. A salient trait of the protests is the participation of the urban, middle class, and youth.
Meanwhile, violence has not come to a halt. A reconfiguration of non-state armed actors and the emergence of further violence are taking place in different localities against the backdrop of the structural factors that the peace process never resolved. The Colombian government has also failed to protect the lives of social leaders and former FARC-Ep combatants.
The response of the government to citizens' demands raises serious concerns about both the governance capabilities of President Duque and the repercussions thereof for the already undermined credibility of the Colombian state and its democratic institutions. Complicating matters, the half-hearted implementation of the peace agreement and the persistence of violence suggest a grim outlook. In the face of all this, it is crucial to support the efforts of actors committed to peacebuilding endeavours.

The relevance of the publication is due to the need to analyze the effectiveness of the Deposit Guarantee Scheme developed in Ukraine in the context of identified problems related to the clearing of the banking system of Ukraine by withdrawing from the market «schematic» and under-capitalized banks that had poor credit portfolios. The purpose of the article is to investigate the problems of the activity of the Deposit Guarantee Fund in Ukraine and to substantiate recommendations and measures for the improvement of this system. Research methods: terminological and statistical analysis, comparison, logical generalization, analysis, synthesis. The limits of the study: the analysis is limited by the study of internal factors for the period 2013–2018, as well as the available statistical information as of November 2019.The analysis of the main problems of the DGF activities has allowed to identify the key ones, which are currently: incorrect definition of the objectives of the Deposit Guarantee Scheme in Ukraine, which are enshrined in the DGF Development Strategy for 2013–2017; the lack of adequate interaction of the deposit guarantee system with other elements of the system of ensuring financial stability; limited resources of the Fund and lack of tools for profitable placement of own funds; a small amount of the guaranteed deposit amount for bank deposits and a limited number of claimants for reimbursement.The results of the analysis suggested ways to ensure approximation of national banking legislation to guarantee deposits to the requirements of the European Union, in particular to Directive 2014/49/EU and 2014/59/EU: clarification of legal terminology (definition of terms «unavailable contribution»; «contributory contribution»; «guarantee»; «target level»; «low risk assets», etc.); attribution to the main task of the Fund the protection of the rights of all contributors, including legal entities, financial institutions, etc. with the corresponding extension of the Fund's powers; changes to the Fund's financing system and investment principles of the Deposit Guarantee Scheme in line with EU standards, etc.The findings and recommendations obtained from the analysis will have a positive effect on improving the efficiency of the deposit guarantee system in Ukraine and bringing it closer to EU requirements.

Abstract
Technical Education Curricula for Health and Safety (TECHS) is a research collaboration between safety and health professionals and vocational instructors in three Minnesota colleges. Curriculum materials, including full and refresher modules with of classroom presentations, lab activities, homework, and quizzes, were developed for auto body collision technology (ABCT) and machine tool technology (MTT) programs. Curricula were implemented during the 2015–2018 academic years. Graduates' safety-related knowledge, skills, work practices, and workplace safety climate were assessed 1 year postgraduation using an electronic survey. Responses were received from 71 ABCT and 115 MTT graduates. Classroom presentations were used consistently throughout the study. Instructors cited a lack of time as the main barrier to using other materials (lab activities, homework, and quizzes). Graduates with TECHS instruction had significantly greater safety-related knowledge overall (both trades) as well as in two topic areas: eye and respiratory protection (ABCT) and hearing protection and machine guarding (MTT). Our data confirm that nearly all graduates consistently engage in practices such as use of safety glasses, hearing protection, and respirators, use of machine guards, material handling strategies. At 1 year postgraduation, MTT graduates' work practices related to machine guarding improved significantly. Graduates with TECHS instruction had improved in about half of the work practices, but statistical significance was not achieved. Graduates' self-reported work practices were not significantly correlated with their knowledge or skills. Work practices variability was best explained by graduates' attitudes toward safety rules and their rating of the workplace safety climate. TECHS findings confirm that classroom instruction alone has little impact on graduates' work practices. We propose institutions formalize their commitment to safety and health education by ear-marking teaching time for this subject and providing assistance to instructors to facilitate curricula integration. Instructors would benefit from learning more about trade-specific safety and health, and adult education teaching methods. Additional research is needed to understand how students' attitudes toward safety change during vocational college attendance and the first year of employment in the trade, explore implementation supports and barriers at institutional and instructor levels, and assess educational effectiveness beyond the end of the academic program. The entire curricula are available on the study website www.votechsafety.net.

Purpose
Over recent years, few industries have seen such dramatic changes as the healthcare industry. The potential connectivity of digital technologies is completely transforming the healthcare ecosystem. This has resulted in companies increasingly investing in digital transformations to exploit data across channels, operations and patient outreach, by building on a practice approach and actor-network theory and being informed by service-dominant logic, this study aims to contribute by advancing the agential role of third-party actors to prompt innovation and shape service ecosystems.


Design/methodology/approach
This research is grounded in an epistemological contextualism. To gain situated knowledge and address the role of context in knowledge, understanding and meaning the authors adopted a qualitative methodology to study actors in their different contexts. The empirical research was based on case theory. The authors also took guidance from practice scholars about how to investigate actors' practices. The unit of analysis moves from dyadic relationships to focus on practices across different networks of actors.


Findings
This study expands on the conceptualization of triad as proposed by Siltaloppi and Vargo (2017) by moving from the form of triadic relationships – brokerage, mediation and coalition – to the agency of e-health third-parties; and their practices to innovate in the healthcare ecosystem. This study focuses on the actors and the performativity of actions and grounding the conceptual view on an empirical base.


Practical implications
Third-party actors bring about innovative ways of doing business in the healthcare ecosystem. Their actions challenge the status quo and run counter to long-time practices. Third-parties support the complex set of interconnections between different healthcare actors for the provision of new service co-creation opportunities. Considering how these e-health third-parties performs has implications for health managers, patients and other actors.


Originality/value
This study focuses on the actors and the performativity of actions and grounding the conceptual view on an empirical base. The agency of third-party actors is their ability to act among others and to connect multiple social and material structures to boost innovation. They prompt innovation and shape service ecosystems by brokering, mediating and coalescing among a great variety of resources, practices and institutions.

Existen múltiples metodologías de Atención y-o acompañamiento Psicosocial a las víctimas de diversos tipos de violencia, entre ellas la del conflicto armado Metodologías que reconocen el sufrimiento y dolor en contextos socioeconómicos particulares que han sido objeto de confrontaciones armadas (Baró 1990) En el caso de países latinoamericanos en donde han sido predominantes históricos de guerra y conflicto interno se formulan y desarrollan diversas formas de atender a nivel individual, grupal o colectiva ya sea desde lo institucional o desde las organizaciones sociales, en donde procesos concernientes al el arte, la cultura, así como, técnicas relacionadas con la salud en líneas denominadas alternativas o integrativas. Estas metodologías inciden en la reparación emocional, en la reconstrucción de proyecto de vida. De igual manera contribuyen a la recuperación de la confianza en sí mismo, la reconstrucción de las relaciones sociales. El artículo desarrollará algunos elementos generales partiendo de tres preguntas centrales y terminando con la experiencia de haber diseminado la experiencia a estudiantes de pregrado y postgrado de la Universidad de Coímbra (Portugal) que tienen algún tipo de relacionamiento con la atención y acompañamiento a víctimas de diversos tipos de violencia y a quienes les interesaba conocer el caso colombiano.There are multiple methodologies of care and psychosocial support to the victims of various types of violence, including armed conflict. Methodologies that recognize suffering and pain in particular socioeconomic contexts that have experienced armed confrontations (Baró 1990). In the case of Latin American countries, where war and internal conflict have prevailed, different forms of care have been formulated and developed at the individual or collective level, both in institutions and in social organizations, namely processes related to art and culture, as well as the health-related techniques, in line with so-called alternative or integrative techniques. These methodologies affect the emotional repair, the reconstruction of the life project. In the same way, they contribute to the recovery of self-confidence, the reconstruction of social relations. The article will develop some general elements based on three central questions and ends with the dissemination of the experience for undergraduate and graduate students of the University of Coimbra (Portugal) that have some kind of relation with the attention and accompaniment of victims of diverse types of violence and are interested in the Colombian case.

Executive SummaryThe UK faces no easy options in determining how to develop its approach to international trade post-Brexit. If it finally decides to leave the European Customs Union and Single Market, it faces the possibility either of simply crashing out of the EU without a deal; trying to form market-access agreements and Free Trade Areas (FTAs) with the EU and other countries; or unilaterally reducing tariffs and liberalising trade with all countries. Each course raises significant practical difficulties, and entails major disadvantages compared with staying in the Customs Union and Single Market.The economic costs of a 'no-deal' approach stand to be very large, including inevitable tariffs, obstruction of UK access to EU markets, physical disruption at borders, a damping of investment and the much-discussed problem of the Irish border. Assuming 'no-deal' does not happen, negotiating FTAs with other countries would be possible only after a lengthy transition period, as in the Withdrawal Agreement voted down in Parliament, and would depend on the shape of the ultimate post-Brexit trading relationship between the EU and the UK. The process would be difficult, costly, and protracted; would likely be concluded on disadvantageous terms; would be even harder to apply to trade in services; and would yield extremely small gains given the volume of UK non-EU trade that is already covered by FTAs. Finally, unilateral liberalisation, while ameliorating some of the drawbacks of the first two options, faces the same problems of loss of access to European markets and disruption to trade; and would entail severe economic pain with only very gradual gains.The UK needs to conduct a much more profound and considered debate on these issues before deciding to set aside the large benefits of membership of the Customs Union and Single Market for the significant difficulties and tenuous gains offered by the alternatives. Public debate on the economic effects of trade policy has so far lacked the detailed but necessary analysis of these questions. It seems essential to establish a national policy review institution, modelled on the Australian Productivity Commission, in order to stimulate such a debate.

Purpose
Universities can do more to deliver against the sustainable development goals (SDGs), working with faculty, staff and students, as well as their wider stakeholder community and alumni body. They play a critical role in helping shape new ways for the world, educating global citizens and delivering knowledge and innovation into society. Universities can be engines of societal transformation. Using a multiple case study approach, this study aims to explore different ways of strategizing sustainability toward delivering the SDGs are explored in a university setting with an example from the UK, Bulgaria (Europe) and USA.


Design/methodology/approach
The first case is a public UK university that adopted enterprise and sustainability as its academic mission to secure differentiation in a disrupted and increasingly marketized global higher education sector; this became a source of inspiration for change in regional businesses and the local community. The second case is a business sector-led sustainability-driven transformation working with a private university in Bulgaria to catalyze economic regeneration and social innovation. Finally, a case from the office for sustainability in a major US research university is given to show how its engagement program connected faculty and students in sustainability projects within the institution and with external partners.


Findings
Each case is in effect a "living lab," positioning sustainability as an intentional and aspirational strategy with sustainable development and the SDG framework a means to that end. Leadership at all levels, and by students, was key to success in acting with a shared purpose. Partnerships within and with universities can help accelerate delivery of the SDGs, enabling higher education to make a fuller contribution to sustaining the economic, environmental, cultural and intellectual well-being of our global communities.


Originality/value
The role of universities as the engine of transformational sustainability toward delivering the SDGs has been explored by way of three case studies that highlight different means toward that end. The collegiate nature of the higher education sector, with its shared governance models and different constituencies and performance drivers, means that sustainability at a strategic level must be led with leaders at all levels acting with purpose. The "living lab" model can become a part of transformative institutional change that draws on both top-down and bottom-up strategies in pursuit of sustainable development.

Introduction. The article reveals motives of attracting foreign entrepreneurs to Soviet economy, difficulties with hiring local labor force in concessions, contradictions and solutions between Soviet organizations and concessioners. Relations between foreign entrepreneurs and Soviet government agencies as well as Soviet engineers and workers were regulated by the law.

Methods and materials. The author uses the comparative historical method in the work, which makes it possible to compare the number of foreign and domestic labor in concession enterprises, to show the need of attracting foreign specialists to concession and state enterprises, to reveal the cooperation of foreign entrepreneurs with the Soviet state. Sources from The State Archive of the Russian Federation, The Russian State Archive of Economics and The Russian State Archive of Social and Political History were identified for the study. Regulatory acts of state significance (decrees, concession agreements) reflecting the policy of the state in relation to the economic activity of private capitalists; records management documentation (circulars, official correspondence, reporting documentation) covering the real state of affairs at concession enterprises allow to show the peculiarities of relations between Soviet state institutions and foreign entrepreneurs.

Analysis. Sometimes concessioners did not meet the governmental requirements in labor force attraction, which caused mutual claims. The author also analyses hiring foreign professionals in Soviet state enterprises because of their important contribution to the Soviet economy recovery and development. Foreign professionals were involved in the production process organization and local labor force education at Kuznetskiy coalfield minery, Stalingrad tractor factory and other state enterprises. Concessions were equipped with brand-new techniques and technologies and were also involved in the local labor force education.

Results. The article analyzes the reasons of early cancellation of contracts by foreign professionals and workers and their mass departure from the USSR in the 1930s – 1940s. For example, prosecution and custody for industrial accidents were among of such reasons. Despite this, new foreign engineers were forbidden to enter Sakhalin island by Soviet authorities. The article focuses on the correlation between the deterioration of the international situation from the middle 1930s and existence of Japanese concessions in the USSR until the middle 1940s.The author pays a lot of attention to investigate the issue of obeying to the Soviet labor law by concessioners using unpublished archived documents.

RESUMENLa huelga ocurrida en la provincia de Santa Fe, en 1921, fue la experiencia más intensa de acción directa del sector docente durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, en la Argentina. La posición de los profesores y directores de las seis Escuelas Normales provinciales fue heterogénea, con particularidades propias de cada institución y ciudad. En este artículo se reconstruye esa diversidad, en base a fuentes oficiales reservadas. Se explican los motivos institucionales y sociales que incidieron en las conductas y acciones de los profesores. El trabajo busca hacer un aporte al estudio de las identidades y prácticas de los directores escolares, así como a su relación con las asociaciones gremiales.Palabras clave: escuela normal - huelga de profesores – sindicalismo docenteA greve dos professores nas escolas normais: os diretores, entre adesão e denúncia (Santa Fé, Argentina, 1921)RESUMOA greve ocorrida na província de Santa Fé, em 1921, foi a mais intensa experiência de ação direta do setor docente durante a primeira metade do século XX, na Argentina. A posição dos professores e diretores das seis Escolas Normais provinciais foi heterogênea, com características específicas em cada instituição e cidade. Neste artigo, essa diversidade é reconstruída, tendo como base fontes oficiais reservadas. Os motivos institucionais e sociais que influenciaram os comportamentos e ações dos professores são explicados. O trabalho busca contribuir para o estudo das identidades e práticas dos diretores das escolas, bem como sua relação com as associações sindicais.Palavras-chave: escola normal - greve de professores - sindicalismo de professoresThe strike of teachers in normal schools: the directors, between adhesion and complaint (Santa Fe, Argentina, 1921) ABSTRACTThe strike occurred in the province of Santa Fe, in 1921, was the most intense experience of direct action of the teaching sector during the first half of the twentieth century, in Argentina. The position of the professors and directors of the six provincial Normal Schools was heterogeneous, with specific Characteristics of each institution and city. In this article, this diversity is reconstructed, based on reserved official sources. The institutional and social reasons that influenced the behaviors and actions of the teachers are explained. The work seeks to make a contribution to the study of the identities and practices of school directors, as well as their relationship with trade union associations.Keywords: normal school - teachers strike - teacher unionism