With 40 to 48% of children and 58% of adults being overweight and obese, excess weight in both children and adults in Malta has become a major concern. Obesity has considerable effects on mortality and morbidity. The excess direct cost on the Maltese health service associated with overweight and obese individuals as compared with persons of normal weight is estimated to be nearly 20 million Euro per year (in 2008), accounting for 5.7% of total health expenditure. ; peer-reviewed
In the South African Draft Children's Bill of December 2002 an attempt was made to produce a shift towards proactive services for children. The bill contains an innovative design for a national policy framework as a mechanism for intersectoral co-operation between different sectors of government and non-governmental organizations.FrenchDans l'avant-projet de loi sud-africain pour les enfants (Draft Children Bill ) ré digé en dé cembre 2002, on a tenté d'esquisser un virage pour mettre en place des services proactifs à l'intention des enfants. Le projet de loi met de l'avant un concept innovateur: un cadre politique qui servirait de mé canisme pour assurer la coopé ration intersectorielle entre les diffé rents paliers de gouvernement et les organisations non gouvernementales.SpanishEn el Borrador de la Ley de la Infancia en Suda´ frica, de diciembre del 2002, se intentódar un giro hacia servicios proactivos a favor de los ninños. A ley contiene un disenño innovador hacia un marco de política nacional que sirva de mecanismo para cooperación entre distintos sectores gubernamentales y organizaciones no gubernamentales.
PurposeThe current pandemic and ongoing climate risks highlight the limited capacity of various systems, including health and social ones, to respond to population-scale and long-term threats. Practices to reduce the impacts on the health and well-being of populations must evolve from a reactive mode to preventive, proactive and concerted actions beginning at individual and community levels. Experiences and lessons learned from the pandemic will help to better prevent and reduce the psychosocial impacts of floods, or other hydroclimatic risks, in a climate change context.Design/methodology/approachThe present paper first describes the complexity and the challenges associated with climate change and systemic risks. It also presents some systemic frameworks of mental health determinants, and provides an overview of the different types of psychosocial impacts of disasters. Through various Quebec case studies and using lessons learned from past and recent flood-related events, recommendations are made on how to better integrate individual and community factors in disaster response.FindingsResults highlight the fact that people who have been affected by the events are significantly more likely to have mental health problems than those not exposed to flooding. They further demonstrate the adverse and long-term effects of floods on psychological health, notably stemming from indirect stressors at the community and institutional levels. Different strategies are proposed from individual-centered to systemic approaches, in putting forward the advantages from intersectoral and multirisk researches and interventions.Originality/valueThe establishment of an intersectoral flood network, namely the InterSectoral Flood Network of Québec (RIISQ), is presented as an interesting avenue to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and a systemic view of flood risks. Intersectoral work is proving to be a major issue in the management of systemic risks, and should concern communities, health and mental health professionals, and the various levels of governance. As climate change is called upon to lead to more and more systemic risks, close collaboration between all the areas concerned with the management of the factors of vulnerability and exposure of populations will be necessary to respond effectively to damages and impacts (direct and indirect) linked to new meteorological and compound hazards. This means as well to better integrate the communication managers into the risk management team.
Este artículo propone la medición del grado de eficiencia de un sistema productivo mediante un enfoque basado en el concepto de Tasa de Crecimiento Uniforme de la Economía. Esta tasa se obtiene a partir del autovalor dominante de la matriz de coeficientes técnicos de la tabla input-output del país analizado. A su vez, el autovector derecho asociado a dicho autovalor indica la importancia de los diferentes sectores económicos en términos de su influencia sobre el nivel de eficiencia productiva del sistema. La metodología es aplicada al caso de los países pertenecientes a la Unión Europea. ; This paper suggests the measurement of the level of efficiency of a productive system by means of an approach based on the concept of Uniform Rate of Growth of the Economy. This rate is obtained from the dominant eigenvector of the matrix of technical coefficients of the input-output table of the analysed country. In turn, the right-eigenvector associated to such an eigenvalue indicates the importance of the economic sectors in terms of their influence over the level of productive efficiency of the system. This methodology is applied to the countries belonging the European Union.
As reforms have paved the way for India's rapid economic expansion in recent years, particularly in the service sector, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has assumed a dominant role as the underwriter of India's growth. Outside of the commercial applications where ICT has been most extensively applied so far, ICT also holds great potential to drive human development, narrowing gaps between the rich and the poor as well as rural and urban areas. In many development-adjacent sectors, particularly education, agriculture, and health, platforms and initiatives have already demonstrated ICT's promise as a transformational suite of technologies which democratize information and dramatically reduce transaction costs. However, even greater progress is possible if initiatives apply an intersectoral approach which applies best practices from other sectors, highlights synergies between sectors, and identifies pitfalls stemming from hidden competition of priorities between sectors that could otherwise derail a project. Intersectoral analysis also recognizes how advances in the sectors under study contribute to growth in the broader economy. By applying an intersectoral lens, individual programs can be strengthened, new opportunities can be identified, and ICT can be more thoroughly woven into a tapestry that benefits all aspects of people's lives. ICT-driven development has not entirely ignored intersectorality, but opportunities abound for improving these initiatives by applying a more holistic lens. In particular, the field of nutrition is most sorely in need of mainstreaming within the many different siloed development objectives that touch upon it. Data, the foundation of ICT, provides great opportunities for refining programs of all types, but also carries great risks to privacy and potentially social equality. And untapped synergies exist between the cutting-edge advances in the Education sector and educational initiatives in other sectors which have not benefited from the same intentional pedagogical design.
As reforms have paved the way for India's rapid economic expansion in recent years, particularly in the service sector, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has assumed a dominant role as the underwriter of India's growth. Outside of the commercial applications where ICT has been most extensively applied so far, ICT also holds great potential to drive human development, narrowing gaps between the rich and the poor as well as rural and urban areas. In many development-adjacent sectors, particularly education, agriculture, and health, platforms and initiatives have already demonstrated ICT's promise as a transformational suite of technologies which democratize information and dramatically reduce transaction costs. However, even greater progress is possible if initiatives apply an intersectoral approach which applies best practices from other sectors, highlights synergies between sectors, and identifies pitfalls stemming from hidden competition of priorities between sectors that could otherwise derail a project. Intersectoral analysis also recognizes how advances in the sectors under study contribute to growth in the broader economy. By applying an intersectoral lens, individual programs can be strengthened, new opportunities can be identified, and ICT can be more thoroughly woven into a tapestry that benefits all aspects of people's lives. ICT-driven development has not entirely ignored intersectorality, but opportunities abound for improving these initiatives by applying a more holistic lens. In particular, the field of nutrition is most sorely in need of mainstreaming within the many different siloed development objectives that touch upon it. Data, the foundation of ICT, provides great opportunities for refining programs of all types, but also carries great risks to privacy and potentially social equality. And untapped synergies exist between the cutting-edge advances in the Education sector and educational initiatives in other sectors which have not benefited from the same intentional pedagogical design.
INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT-INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICE -- INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: THEORY AND PRACTICE -- INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: EXPERIENCE IN THE ARAL SEA BASIN -- CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE SYRDARYA RIVER BASIN -- PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IWRM) IN THE AMUDARYA RIVER BASIN -- IWRM FINANCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND LEGAL ASPECTS: THE EXAMPLE OF THE "IWRM-FERGHANA" PROJECT -- ENSURING OF STABILITY AND EVEN WATER DISTRIBUTION AT NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS -- THE FUTURE OF THE PRIARALIE -- SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CENTRAL ASIA -- ON PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT -- WATER PRODUCTIVITY INCREASE-THE MAIN GOAL OF IWRM AND WAYS TO OVERCOME POVERTY -- IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ARAL SEA BASIN SOCIOECONOMIC MODEL: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE OPPORTUNITIES TO BE GAINED THROUGH REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION -- ADDRESSING THE NEED FOR INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL -- PROSPECTS FOR CENTRAL ASIA DEVELOPMENT-INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AS REGIONAL ISSUES SOLUTION -- INTERSTATE, INTER-SECTORAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL INTEGRATION -- THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC AND NATIONAL PLANNING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER MANAGEMENT -- TRANSFER OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT TOWARD BASIN PRINCIPLES -- BASIN MANAGEMENT BASED ON RESOURCE CONSERVATION
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Tarlock, A. Dan: Integrated water resources management: theory and practice. - S. 3-21 Khamidov, M. Kh.: Characteristic features of integrated water resources management in the Syrdarya river basin. - S. 25-34 Khudaiberganov, Yu.: Particular characteristics of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the Amudarya river basin. - S. 35-43 Jaloobayev, A.: IWRM financial, economic, and legal aspects: the example of the "IWRM-Ferghana" project. - S. 45-53 Tuchin, A. I.: Ensuring of stability and even water distribution at national and local levels. - S. 55-80 Kamalov, T.: The future of the Priaralie. - S. 81-86 Ryabtsev, A. D.: On public participation in water resources management. - S. 89-94 Muhamedzhanov, Sh.: Water productivity increase: the main goal of IWRM and ways to overcome poverty. - S. 95-103 Ruziev, Makhmud T.; Prikhodko, Valeriy G.: Implementation of the Aral Sea basin socioeconomic model: an assessment of the opportunities to be gained through regional economic integration. - S. 105-123 Dukhovny, V. A.: Prospects for Central Asia development: integrated water resources management as regional issues solution. - S. 127-138 Nazirov, Abdukohir A.: Interstate, inter-sectoral scientific and practical integration. - S. 139-145 Altyev, T.: The role of strategic and national planning in the development of water management. - S. 147-156 Djalalov, A. A.: Transfer of water resources management toward basin principles. - S. 157-166 Bekbolotov, Zh.; Jaloobayev, A.: Basin management based on resource conservation. - S. 167-177
BACKGROUND: Better understanding, documentation and evaluation of different refugee health interventions and their means of health system integration and intersectoral collaboration are needed. OBJECTIVES: Explore the barriers and facilitators to the integration of health services for refugees; the processes involved and the different stakeholders engaged in levaraging intersectoral approaches to protect refugees' right to health on resettlement. DESIGN: Scoping review. METHODS: A search of articles from 2000 onward was done in MEDLINE, Web of Science, Global Health and PsycINFO, Embase. Two frameworks were applied in our analysis, the 'framework for analysing integration of targeted health interventions in systems' and 'Health in All Policies' framework for country action. A comprehensive description of the methods is included in our published protocol. RESULTS: 6117 papers were identified, only 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. Facilitators in implementation included: training for providers, colocation of services, transportation services to enhance access, clear role definitions and appropriate budget allocation and financing. Barriers included: lack of a participatory approach, insufficient resources for providers, absence of financing, unclear roles and insufficient coordination of interprofessional teams; low availability and use of data, and turf wars across governance stakeholders. Successful strategies to address refugee health included: networks of service delivery combining existing public and private services; system navigators; host community engagement to reduce stigma; translation services; legislative support and alternative models of care for women and children. CONCLUSION: Limited evidence was found overall. Further research on intersectoral approaches is needed. Key policy insights gained from barriers and facilitators reported in available studies include: improving coordination between existing programmes; supporting colocation of services; establishing formal system navigator roles ...
BACKGROUND: It is widely recognized that one's health is influenced by a multitude of nonmedical factors, known as the social determinants of health (SDH). The SDH are defined as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, and which are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels". Despite their influence on health, most of the SDH are targeted through government departments and ministries outside of the traditional health sector (e.g. education, housing). As such, the need for intersectoral and multisectoral approaches arises. Intersectoral and multisectoral approaches are thought to be essential to addressing many global health challenges our world faces today and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. There are various ways of undertaking intersectoral and multisectoral action, but there are three widely recognized approaches (Health in All Policies [HiAP], Healthy Cities, and One Health) that each have a unique focus. However, despite the widespread acceptance of the need for intersectoral and multisectoral approaches, knowledge around how to support, achieve and sustain multisectoral action is limited. The goal of this study is to assemble evidence from systematic approaches to reviewing the literature (e.g. scoping review, systematic review) that collate findings on facilitators/enablers and barriers to implementing various intersectoral and multisectoral approaches to health, to strengthen understanding of how to best implement health policies that work across sectors, whichever they may be. METHODS: An umbrella review (i.e. review of reviews) is to be undertaken to collate findings from the peer-reviewed literature, specifically from Ovid MEDLINE and Scopus databases. This umbrella review protocol was developed following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P), and study design informed by the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). DISCUSSION: Countries that ...
The purpose of this study is to investigate if the wage setting in certain sectors of the Swedish economy influences the wage setting in other sectors. The theoretical background is the Scandinavian model of inflation, which states that the wage setting in the sectors exposed to international competition should influence the wage setting in the sheltered sectors of the economy. The Johansen maximum likelihood cointegration approach is applied to quarterly data on Swedish sector wages for the period 1980:1–2002:2. Different vector error correction (VEC) models are created based on assumptions of which sectors are and which sectors are not exposed to international competition. The wage adaptability between sectors is then tested by imposing restrictions on the estimated VEC models. Finally, Granger causality tests are performed in the different restricted/unrestricted VEC models to test for sector wage leadership. The empirical results indicate large wage adaptability between manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail trade, the central government sector and the municipalities and county councils sector. This is in line with the assumptions of the Scandinavian model. Furthermore, the empirical results indicate low wage adaptability between the financial sector and manufacturing, and between the financial sector and the two public sectors. The Granger causality tests provide strong evidence of the existence of intersectoral wage causality, but no evidence of a wage leading role in line with the assumptions of the Scandinavian model for any of the sectors.
Purpose This study aims to identify the nature of the characteristics and the social results of partnerships established between nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the company.
Design/methodology/approach This research is a qualitative collective case study. Data were collected through 12 interviews and analyzed through the content analysis technique.
Findings The findings indicate that in the first case, the partnership is driven by the company's interest in qualifying its supplier, facing a relational identity orientation, establishing philanthropic relationships. In the second case, the search for social legitimacy is evident, in the face of a collectivist identity orientation, in which Petro establishes a relationship of a transactional nature. Thus, the differential in intersectoral collaboration lies in the interaction among company, NGO and cooperatives. The results also show that the dialogue proximity between companies and civil society have a strong relationship with social results for the local communities.
Social implications This study reveals the need to broaden the understanding of the social results of social partnerships to local communities.
Originality/value The nature of the relationship among state, companies, NGOs and local communities in developing countries are different from developed countries. In the first case, companies are called to assume state's role in improving quality of life and income generation.
Objectives: Health in All Policies (HiAP) has been promoted as a means of embedding concern for health impacts in the policy-making process. In South Australia, specific structures and processes to achieve this have been developed and tested. Participants: The HiAP approach is designed to engage policy officers and managers in all sectors of government. Setting: South Australia, one of six Australian states, which operates under a system of cabinet government. There are 15 government departments. Intervention: The primary mechanism of the South Australian HiAP approach is the health lens analysis (HLA)–an intersectoral, partnership process drawing on public health research methods. It has been applied to three separate public policy issues: water security, digital technology and migration. Outcomes: Evaluation findings to date suggest that the HLAs have resulted in the following: increased understanding by policy-makers of the impact of their work on health outcomes; changes in policy direction; development and dissemination of policy-relevant research; greater understanding and stronger partnerships between health and other government departments; and a positive disposition toward employing health lens analyses in future work. Conclusion: There have long been calls for intersectoral action in order to achieve public policy supportive of positive health outcomes. Evaluation to date suggests that the HLA is a promising means of moving the agenda from policy rhetoric to policy action.
AbstractThis paper quantifies the effects of the determinants of intersectoral labor mobility and the effect of intersectoral labor mobility on deforestation in Ghana over the period 1970–2008. A cointegration and error correction modeling approach is employed. The empirical results show that labor mobility from the agricultural to the non-agricultural sector exerts negative effects on deforestation in Ghana in the long run and short run. Relative agricultural income exerts a significant negative effect on intersectoral labor mobility in the long run. Deforestation is influenced positively by population pressure, the price of fertilizer and rainfall, whereas access to irrigation infrastructure exerts a negative effect in the long run. In the short run, real producer prices of cocoa and maize exert significant positive effects on deforestation whereas access to irrigation infrastructure exerts a negative significant effect. Fruitful policy recommendations based on the empirical magnitudes and directions of these effects are made in this paper.
Rapid urbanisation in many low- and middle-income countries in Africa has led to substantial changes in both built and food environments, with resultant changes to housing and diet, respectively. These changes interact with factors that influence risk of disease and healthcare access, and may contribute to, and exacerbate, inequities in health outcomes. Increasing global attention is given to the link between characteristics of built and food environments and health. In addition, international health agendas are calling for intersectoral action, which may be guided by the World Health Organization's Health-in-All-Policies approach, to address the social determinants of health that largely lie outside the reach of the health sector. The thesis uses two lenses to investigate the intersectoral determinants of health exploring: i) non-communicable diseases through a food environment lens in the African region, and ii) infectious diseases through a human settlement built environment lens in South Africa. Firstly, this research investigates the landscape of global, regional (African) and national (South African) policies to identify opportunities to integrate health considerations into diet-related and human settlements policies. Secondly, focusing on the built environment context of Cape Town, South Africa, this thesis provides a practical demonstration of a transdisciplinary research approach to gathering evidence, integrating data from health and non-health sectors, and building support for a future implementation of a Health-in-All-Policies approach within a sub-national government setting. In addition, an improved transdisciplinary research approach was developed to support future efforts to address health inequities through urban planning interventions.
