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On 1 July 2016 the presidents of Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru celebrated the 11th Summit of the Pacific Alliance (PA) in Puerto Varas, Chile. The PA members quite successfully practise a kind of joint "nation-branding" to promote trade and investment and to enhance their international status and visibility. Since its formation in 2012 the PA has attracted the interest of states and business sectors around the world. The PA is basically an economic strategic alliance designed to project and to promote the common interests of its member countries within Latin America and vis-à-vis the United States, Europe, and especially Asia. This explains why the PA is an organisation with many more observer states (49) than member states. These observer states include economic heavyweights such as Japan, China, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as three of the five Southern Common Market (Mercosur) countries and a member of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA). With its trade liberalisation agenda, the PA differentiates itself from other Latin American regional organisations, such as Mercosur and ALBA, and brings a new dynamic to Latin American economic integration. Moreover, it has revived Mexico as an external actor in the South American regional subs ystem. From a geopolitical perspective, the PA strengthens the Pacific shift in South America and economic links with Asia. Furthermore, it offers the US government new opportunities to promote its free trade agenda in Latin America at a time when Washington is showing renewed interest in L atin America. Policy Implications The four member countries of the PA "branded" themselves as gateways to Asia and as "good economies" compared to the "bad economies" of other more stateoriented economies in Latin America. With the recent political shift to the right in the region, the PA may become more influential and thus more capable of advancing trade liberalisation in Latin America. Likewise, the European Union may obtain greater leverage in its relations with Latin America through its close cooperation and free trade agreements with the PA countries.

This article examines the development of nation brand strategy framework for Zimbabwe. The submission is based on the analysis of factors perceived to impact on nation branding programmes. This research aim to contribute towards the development of effective nation branding discourse and practice in Zimbabwe. Specifically, the article was premised on the quest to 1) determine key determinants for the development of Brand Zimbabwe; 2) to ascertain the relative significance of the various facets of national branding practice; and 3) to propose an integrated conceptual framework for nation branding initiatives. The study was designed to follow a mixed approach; a combination of interpretivism and positivism. A total of 372 respondents was drawn from across the society. Respondents came from politicians, scholars, the media, civic organisations, government officials, church and international organisations. This research established that Brand Zimbabwe requires an independent body to integrate all key stakeholders for an effective branding process. The nation branding process should be managed from visioning, formulation through to deployment and monitoring and control of nation brand performance. Zimbabwe's quest for foreign direct investment, international visitation and export revenue requires that the country develops an integrated strategy to deal with its nation brand image question.

Recently a word 'Nation Branding' or 'Branding Bangladesh' is practiced a lot. A nation brand is the total sum of all perceptions of a nation in the mind of international stakeholders which may contain some of the following elements: people, place, culture, language, history, food, fashion, famous faces (celebrities), global brands, etc. The way for a nation to gain a better reputation is to communicate to the international audience that how good you are, is called nation branding. There is a misconception among most of the people that it is required to develop tourism sector of any country in case of nation branding. But nation branding focuses on the nation as a whole – its people, culture and heritage, investment and immigration, governance, exports and tourism. The objective of this paper is to clarify this misconception about nation branding, help our citizens to know about the branding Bangladesh and reveal the possibilities of branding Bangladesh. Process of nation branding –Nation Brand Index and Country Brand Index are discussed in this paper. This research is based on secondary sources and the researcher comes up with the Nation Branding Hexagon for Bangladesh. Hopefully this paper will be helpful for awaking our consumers and making responsible to come forward for unbeaten nation branding for Bangladesh.

"Dieser Artikel untersucht empirisch, ob immaterielle Faktoren wie Länderstereotypen oder Verbrauchereinstellungen über Produkte aus bestimmten Ländern eine Auswirkung auf deren ausländische Direktinvestitionen haben. Die immateriellen Faktoren eines Landes werden mit seinem Landesimage ('Nation Brand') operationalisiert. Das Konzept zum Nation Brand(-ing) eines Landes steht im direkten Zusammenhang mit der Bedeutung und dem Verständnis zur spezifischen Originalität und somit auch zur Qualität des Landes und seiner Produkte. Die Marke des Herstellungslandes dient zugleich als Aushängeschild für dieses Land und hat oft maßgeblichen Einfluss auf Entscheidungen für oder gegen den Konsum von Produkten aus diesem Land. Es liegt daher nahe, sich für einen Standort zu entscheiden, den der Verbraucher mit positiven Attributen bezüglich Herstellung und Qualität in Verbindung bringt. Diese Einsichten führen zum folgenden Hauptergebnis der Analyse: Der Umfang von ausländischen Investitionen im Gastland steigt um 27 Prozent, sobald sein Image bzw. seine immaterielle Faktoren sich um einen Punkt verbessern. Die empirische Analyse nutzt das 'Knowledge-Capital'-Modell und umfasst 30 Investorenländer und 34 Gastländer über den Zeitraum 2005-2006." (Autorenreferat)

PART I. Branding the nation and selling the state : case studies -- Nation branding amidst civil war : publishing U.S. foreign policy documents to define and defend the republic, 1861-66 / William B. McAllister -- From the moralizing appeal for patriotic consumption to nation branding case studies : Austria and Switzerland / Oliver Kuhschelm -- Branding internationalism : displaying art and international cooperation in the interwar period / Ilaria Scaglia -- High culture to the rescue : Japan's nation branding in the United States, 1934-40 / John Gripentrog -- All publicity is good publicity? : advertising, public relations, and the branding of Spain in Britain, 1945-69 / Carolin Viktorin -- The art of branding : rethinking American cultural diplomacy during the Cold War / Michael L. Krenn -- Suriname : nation building and nation branding in a postcolonial state, 1945-2015 / Rosemarijn Hoefte -- A new brand for post-communist Europe / Beata Ociepka -- PART II. Promises and challenges of nation branding : commentaries on case studies -- Historicizing the relationship between nation branding and public diplomacy / Justin Hart -- Nation branding : a twenty-first century tradition / Melissa Aronczyk -- The history of nation branding and nation branding as history / Mads Mordhorst

"Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice provides a theoretical framework, alongside insightful examples from the practice of Nation Branding, in which the principles of brand strategy and management are applied to countries globally. This new edition has been comprehensively updated and its influential original framework modified to reflect the very latest changes the field. It remains an accessible blend of theory and practice rich with international examples and contributions. Updates to this edition: New Academic Perspectives and Practitioner Insights in each chapter. Updated and new cases from a broad range of nations and cultures. Fresh coverage of online branding and social media. New material covering the critical and ethical issues of nation branding, including the limitations. Updated references and sources. Updated online resources, including PowerPoint slides, a test bank, and a glossary. This is an essential introduction to Nation Branding for students of Marketing, Brand Management, Communications, Public and International Relations, as well as policy makers looking for a rigorous yet applied approach"--

This e-book aims to advance the theoretical base of the nation branding domain by providing a forum for the sharing of research findings across multiple dimensions of the nation branding construct. Different perspectives, settings, and methodologies are brought together in order to deepen the intellectual base of the discipline and to share valuable insights into some of the critical issues in contemporary nation branding

Nation branding is regarded as essential for competitiveness among countries, but the idea of branding nations is often derided as lacking seriousness, despite the fact it is an issue that should be of central concern to international relations. While nation branding has been on the radar of scholars for decades, with a focus mostly in marketing, communication, and media studies, as well as political geography, it has only made a small dent into the international relations field. In Nation Branding and International Politics Christopher Browning argues that international relations should take nation branding seriously. Nation branding not only involves the issues of culture, identity, and status - which are of principal concern to IR - but it is also a different and potentially fruitful way of reconceptualizing statehood. Mobilising work on ontological security, anxiety, status, and distinction, and grounding the analysis in a broader historical context, Browning finds that nation branding is politically significant, though not necessarily for the reasons its advocates claim. Specifically, the book raises important questions about nation branding's influence on the constitution of national identity, the reframing of citizenship, and the topography of contemporary geopolitics. Nation Branding and International Politics considers how status, prestige, and reputation are constructed and maintained in international society, and how, perhaps, this construction and maintenance may be changing - just as the practice of nation branding is changing.

The process of globalisation has made the concept of nation brand an important one in the current context. This ensures that there is intense competition among countries for attention, respect and trust in order to achieve their policy goals and objectives. One of the means to try and market a country in the international competition is via the use of nation branding [Marsh & Fawcett, 2011: 517; Fan, 2008; Stock, 2009; Szondi, 2010]. The concept of nation branding has become popular, but some have argued how can a nation be marketed like some kind of product [O'Shaughnessy & O'Shaughnessy, 2000; Seib (a), 2009]? A combination of the increasing competition between different countries and advances in new communication technologies is ensuring a much more interactive communication between governments and foreign publics [Wang, 2005; L'Etang, 2009; Szondi, 2010]. As pointed out by Ying Fan, nation brand and nation branding are two different things. A nation may already have a brand, regardless whether branding is taking place or not [Fan, 2006]. This is formed by the nature of information generated about that nation, the stereotypes and opinions held by publics. Branding may take place to try and reform, repair, enhance or remake the existing image in order for the country in question to be viewed as being more attractive and competitive. Nation branding can be seen as a form of cure or panacea for something that is 'wrong' with a country's image [Fan, 2006]. However, nation branding is not something that is easily undertaken. It needs to take the sum of all of a country's parts into account and get them aligned to a simple and appealing message that resonates with the target audience. Since the mid-2000s, Russia has joined the list of countries that seek to use nation branding to fulfil politically determined and directed national ambitions [Simons, 2011]. How does Russia use nation branding, and what ends is this intended to serve? What are the tangible resources that are exploited to brand the country? Before embarking on answering this question, stock needs to be taken of the current debate on nation branding. This is an increasingly common term and practice, but is not necessarily commonly understood. The foundations of the concept and practice of nation branding are discussed. Soft power forms the subject of the next section. Issues of a definition and the significance of soft power are outlined. This is then connected to the 2013 Concept of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation. The ambitions and goals of the document are connected with the practice of nation branding and the desire for accumulating soft power. Different attempts at nation branding by the Russian Federation are detailed, and how these are connected with the understanding of soft power (and what purpose this serves).

Unter Koreakennern ist die Erkenntnis weit verbreitet, dass der koreanische Nationalismus das größte Problem sein kann, wenn Ausländer sich bemühen, die Wesensart der Koreaner zu verstehen. Es gibt eindeutig einen Nationalismus koreanischer Prägung, der lange Zeit sehr präsent war. Deutlich wird dies beispielsweise, wenn man sich eine Szene aus der Asienkrise Ende der 1990er Jahre vor Augen führt. (KAS-Auslandsinformationen / SWP)