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In the present article author examines the problem of development of University student's socio-cultural competence by reading English fictional literature. The place of literature in intercultural communication in the teaching of foreign languages: that it is a source of information about nature, built on the basis of social and cultural realities, and through it they can know alternative cultural norms and at the same time compare their beliefs and attitudes. In addition, it is also source of developing the cognitive and emotional knowledge of students and through it they can find an easy solution to all the complexities of life. All analyzes was made on the example of fictions by E.Hemingway, Ch.Dickens, S.Mougham, F. Scott Fitzgerald, O.Henry, M.Twain, J.London, T.Morrison, P.John Dos and the approach to using historical facts in developing socio-cultural competence is revealed being supplemented with a number of pre-reading and post-reading activities suggested to students learning English as a second foreign language.

Erasmus Programı, Avrupa Birliği'nin 1987 yılında yükseköğretim alanında oluşturduğu bir eğitim politikası olarak bilinmektedir. Program süreç içerisinde; küreselleşme, teknolojik gelişmeler ve Birliğin genişleyen yapısından kaynaklanan sebeplerden dolayı toplumsal ihtiyaçlara çözüm bulmak amacı güden bir yapıya dönüştürülmüştür. Başladığı yıldan beri 9 milyondan fazla bireyin yükseköğretim başta olmak üzere mesleki eğitim, okul eğitimi, yetişkin eğitimi ve gençlik eğitimi alanlarında faaliyet göstermesine olanak sağlamıştır. Türkiye, Avrupa Birliği'ne aday ülke olarak kabul edilmesi sonrasında 2004 yılında Erasmus Programından faydalanmaya başlamıştır. Literatür taraması yapıldığında böylesine geniş bir yelpazede faaliyet gösteren Erasmus Programı hakkında ülkemizde sınırlı sayıda araştırma yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Literatür taraması ve araştırmaya ilişkin bulgulardan oluşan bu çalışma ile Erasmus Programı'nın Avrupa'ya eğitim almak üzere giden yükseköğretim öğrencileri üzerindeki sosyo-kültürel etkileri incelenmiştir. Öğrencilerin karşılıklı değişimine olanak sağlayan Program çerçevesinde çeşitli dil, din, kültür ve uyruğa mensup öğrenciler bir arada eğitim görmesine rağmen bu sürecin öğrenciler, yükseköğretim kurumları ve ülkeler üzerinde yarattığı etkiler tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye'nin aday ülke konumunda olması nedeniyle yapılacak bu araştırma, gerek Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği'ne entegrasyonu gerekse yükseköğretim kurumlarının geleceği açısından önem arz etmektedi ; Erasmus Programme is known as the European Union educational policy that was launched in 1987. In the course of time; due to the globalisation, technological developments and enlargement of European Union, Erasmus Programme has been transformed into a formation that aims to find solutions for social requirements within the society. Since it began in 1987, Programme has provided the activities over 9 million people on higher education, vocational education, school education, adult education, and youth education. Turkey started to take advantage of Erasmus Programme in 2004 after its admission to European Union as a candidate country. When the literature review is performed on Erasmus Programme that is active on such a wide range of areas, it is seen that there is a limited research made in our country. With this study that including literature review and findings of sample reasearch, socio-cultural effects of Erasmus Programme on higher education students is examined. Although students from diverse range of language, religion and nationality are having education together within the framework of Programme, the effects of this process on higher education students, higher education institutions and countries is not exactly known. In this context, as Turkey is a candidate country to the European Union this study has an importance both in terms of Turkey's integration to the European Union and the future of higher education institutions .

Erasmus Programı, Avrupa Birliği'nin 1987 yılında yükseköğretim alanında oluşturduğu bir eğitim politikası olarak bilinmektedir. Program süreç içerisinde; küreselleşme, teknolojik gelişmeler ve Birliğin genişleyen yapısından kaynaklanan sebeplerden dolayı toplumsal ihtiyaçlara çözüm bulmak amacı güden bir yapıya dönüştürülmüştür. Başladığı yıldan beri 9 milyondan fazla bireyin yükseköğretim başta olmak üzere mesleki eğitim, okul eğitimi, yetişkin eğitimi ve gençlik eğitimi alanlarında faaliyet göstermesine olanak sağlamıştır. Türkiye, Avrupa Birliği'ne aday ülke olarak kabul edilmesi sonrasında 2004 yılında Erasmus Programından faydalanmaya başlamıştır. Literatür taraması yapıldığında böylesine geniş bir yelpazede faaliyet gösteren Erasmus Programı hakkında ülkemizde sınırlı sayıda araştırma yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Literatür taraması ve araştırmaya ilişkin bulgulardan oluşan bu çalışma ile Erasmus Programı'nın Avrupa'ya eğitim almak üzere giden yükseköğretim öğrencileri üzerindeki sosyo-kültürel etkileri incelenmiştir. Öğrencilerin karşılıklı değişimine olanak sağlayan Program çerçevesinde çeşitli dil, din, kültür ve uyruğa mensup öğrenciler bir arada eğitim görmesine rağmen bu sürecin öğrenciler, yükseköğretim kurumları ve ülkeler üzerinde yarattığı etkiler tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye'nin aday ülke konumunda olması nedeniyle yapılacak bu araştırma, gerek Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği'ne entegrasyonu gerekse yükseköğretim kurumlarının geleceği açısından önem arz etmektedir. ; Erasmus Programme is known as the European Union educational policy that was launched in 1987. In the course of time; due to the globalisation, technological developments and enlargement of European Union, Erasmus Programme has been transformed into a formation that aims to find solutions for social requirements within the society. Since it began in 1987, Programme has provided the activities over 9 million people on higher education, vocational education, school education, adult education, and youth education. Turkey started to take advantage of Erasmus Programme in 2004 after its admission to European Union as a candidate country. When the literature review is performed on Erasmus Programme that is active on such a wide range of areas, it is seen that there is a limited research made in our country. With this study that including literature review and findings of sample reasearch, socio-cultural effects of Erasmus Programme on higher education students is examined. Although students from diverse range of language, religion and nationality are having education together within the framework of Programme, the effects of this process on higher education students, higher education institutions and countries is not exactly known. In this context, as Turkey is a candidate country to the European Union this study has an importance both in terms of Turkey's integration to the European Union and the future of higher education institutions .

Globalization; Turkey; socio-economic and cultural conditions; religious; Shiites

Seçmen davranışı, siyasal davranış alanına girmesi ve önemli siyasal katılım biçimlerinden birisi olması nedeniyle siyasal bilimciler tarafından üzerinde özenle durulan ve çok fazla araştırma yapılan bir konu olmuştur. Bu konu ile ilgili çalışmalara verilen önem, seçmen davranışının siyasal davranışı ve siyasal katılımı açıklayabilecek nitelikte olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Seçmen davranışı çok boyutlu bir kavram olup, birçok faktörün etkisi altında gerçekleşmektedir. Sosyo-ekonomik, demografik, sosyo-kültürel, sosyo-psikolojik ve siyasal birçok faktör seçmen davranışına dolaylı ya da doğrudan etki etmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma, seçmen davranışına etki eden sosyo-psikolojik faktörleri çalışmanın merkezine koyarak, konuyla ilgili teorik ve uygulamalı bir analiz yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, birinci bölümde, öncelikle teorik olarak konuyla ilgili kavramsal çerçeveye ilişkin bir literatür taraması yapılarak, seçmen davranışı ile ilgili temel kavramlara ve seçmen davranışına ilişkin kuramsal modellere yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca, seçmen davranışı etkileyen genel faktörler sosyo-ekonomik, demografik, sosyo-kültürel ve siyasal faktörler olmak üzere üç ana başlık altında ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümü ise, seçmen davranışını etkileyen sosyo-psikolojik faktörler üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın uygulama kısmında, bahsi geçen faktörlerin seçmen davranışı üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmek üzere, Pamukkale Üniversitesi öğrencileri arasında bir anket çalışması yürütülmüştür. 410 katılımcıdan elde edilen anket bilgileri doğrultusunda, SPSS istatistiksel analiz programı kullanılarak kişisel bilgiler ve anket soruları ile ilgili tanımsal analizler yapılmış olup, akabinde ise anket soruları ile ilgili birtakım çapraz tablolar oluşturularak, son genel seçimlerde seçmen davranışını etkileyen sosyo-psikolojik faktörlere ilişkin yorumlar ve çıkarımlar yapılmıştır. ; The voting behavior has been an important subject for the researchers in the field of political science, and many research has been done on the subject so far as it is recognized among one of the essential forms of political participation and it is part of political behavior area. The importance given to the studies on this subject stem from the fact that voting behavior can explain political behavior and political participation. Voting behavior is a multidimensional concept, and it takes place under the influence of many factors. Socio-economic, demographic, socio-cultural, socio-psychological, and political factors affect the voting behavior either directly or indirectly. Therefore, this study aims to provide theoretical and practical analysis on the subject by placing the socio-psychological factors affecting the voting behavior at the center of the study. In this context, in the first chapter, firstly a theoretical review of the conceptual framework related to the subject is made, and the theoretical concepts related to the voter behavior and the basic concepts related to the voter behavior are given. However, the factors affecting the voting behavior are discussed under three main headings: socio-economic and demographic, socio-cultural, and political factors. The second chapter mainly focuses on the socio-psychological factors affecting the voting behavior. In the empirical part of the study, a survey was conducted among the students of Pamukkale University in order to determine the impact of these factors on voting behavior. According to the survey data obtained from 410 respondents, a descriptive analysis was made about the personal information and survey questions by using SPSS statistical analysis program, and afterward, with the help of some cross-tables related to the survey questions, comments and conclusions were made regarding the socio-psychological factors affected the voting behavior in the last general elections.

Türkiye - Avrupa Birliği müzakere süreci diğer yeni üye olmuş ve aday olan ülkelere göre daha farklı ve sorunlu ilerlemektedir. Aralık 2004'teki Devlet ve Hükümet Başkanları Zirvesi'nde, Komisyon'un rapor ve tavsiyesi üzerine, Türkiye'nin Kopenhag siyasi kriterlerini karşıladığı belirtilerek, Türkiye ile katılım müzakerelerine 3 Ekim 2005'te başlatılmasına karar verilmiştir.Bu çalışmada Avrupa Birliği'ne tam üyelik sürecinde Türkiye'nin karşılaştığı sosyo-ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel sorunlara değinilmiş ve bu süreçte karşılaşılan sorunlara ilişkin çözüm önerileri ortaya konmuştur. ; Turkey - European Union negotiation process has been progressing in a more different and problematic way than the other new members and candidate countries. December 2004 Summit of Heads of State and Government, on the recommendation of the Commission's report indicating that Turkey meets the Copenhagen political criteria, it was decided to start accession negotiations with Turkey on 3 October 2005.In this study, over the process of full membership in the European Union, socio-economic, political and cultural issues that Turkey faced have been addressed and solutions to the problems faced in this process have been revealed.

The aim of this study is to scrutinize the diplomatic relations between Turkiye and Sudan post the era of Omar al-Bashir. Historical relations between the Republic of Turkiye, established in 1923 as the successor to the Ottoman Empire, and Sudan have had a positive impact in contemporary times across political, economic, socio-cultural, and security domains. While the relations during the Republican era were relatively limited when Sudan gained independence from Britain, they saw a significant improvement with the administration of Omar al-Bashir and Hasan al-Turabi, who came to power in 1989. Following Turkiye's declaration of "Africa Year" in 2005, Sudan emerged as a prominent country in Ankara's Sub-Saharan Africa policy. Particularly, the African Opening Action Plan initiated in 1998 and the deepening of policies by AK Party governments strengthened relations with Sudan. However, following the overthrow of Omar al-Bashir in 2019, transitional periods and political crises in Sudan have adversely affected Turkiye – Sudan relations. This study will address these relations during this period, initially focusing on political, economic, security, and socio-cultural parameters. Subsequently, the study will examine the causes of the crisis in Sudan and the trajectory of the relations. Findings from the post-Bashir era indicate that despite challenges, the relations between the two countries have endured. Nevertheless, the escalation of internal disputes in Sudan into conflicts casts uncertainty on the future of these relations.

The term co-radicalization refers to intergroup hostilities leading to conflicts through cycles of reciprocal threat. This article explores the concept of co-radicalization in violent and non-violent terms and its potential application particularly in Turkey and broadly in the Middle East, a region characterized by ethnic, cultural and religious diversity, as well as socio-economic disparities. Drawing from the social fragmentations recently observed in Turkey, where scientific research on radicalism and co-radicalization is insufficient, the article offers several subjects of scrutiny, including (1) socio-economic co-radicalization between the native and migrant people in the fringes of the urban spaces, (2) the religious norm carriership led by the state institutions and the rise of "Deism" and atheism in response, and (3) the variety of non-violent radical expressions feeding each other, from music to satire. We conclude that the study of co-radicalization should be distinguished from the reductionist approaches to the concept, which tend to take terrorism and radicalism synonymously; the social scientific goal is to gain a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics behind societal divisions.

With worldwide progress, development and diversification come tensions between individual, local, national, and global identities, and the fight for equality and justice and opposition to discrimination. Iran is no different, but little has been written about the historical, current, and future identities of Iran's ethnic groups. This study looks at the Azeris, Kurds, Arabs, and Baloch alongside the Persian ethnic identity, which is predominant in modern Iran and which many claim is upheld politically and socially as the ideal for a future, collective Iranian ethnic identity, promoting discrimination against different ethnic identities. This theory is grounded by conducting and analysing in-depth questionnaires across 13 Iranian provinces in relation to religious, local, and national identities; inter-ethnic cultural borders; hindrances to progressive movements; the purging of certain ethnic cultures; and possible steps to resolve crises. Some data has been extracted from the author's recently published book, From Border to Border: Comprehensive research study on identity and ethnicity in Iran. This data presents practical steps to achieving stable, equitable and sustainable cultural, social, economic, legal, and political conditions in Iran, based on the results of questionnaires. Taken into consideration is the realization of economic, socio-cultural, and political justice and indiscriminate social welfare, promoting interethnic solidarity and justice in the media, separating the legal and political systems from religious and ethno-centric thought in acknowledgement of the diversity of religious identities in Iran, and implementing the pending articles of the Constitution.

Sporun son yüzyıllık serüveninde devlet hayatında ve ülke imajının oluşturulmasında önemli bir kurumsallık sergilediği göz ardı edilemez. Bireysel bir fenomen olarak sporun değerlendirilmesinden ziyade, toplumsal bir olgu olarak spor, sosyo-kültürel yapının şekillenmesinde etkilidir. Bu anlamda birçok modern toplumda, bu dönemde, spor kurumundan devlet politikası olarak istifade edebilmek hedeflenmiştir. Kuşkusuz bu süreçte Sovyet toplumlarında spora yüklenen sosyolojik anlam toplumsal değişim adına göz ardı edilmeyecek bir öneme sahiptir. Çalışmada Sovyet toplumunda spor kültürünün kitlesel olarak geliştirilmesinde ve uluslararası arenada var olmada, spora yüklenen anlam üç aşamada incelenmiş, Spartakiada ve Moskova Olimpiyatları sosyo-politik olarak çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır ; It can not be overlooked that sports, in its journey in the last century, exhibits an important institutionalism in the creation of country's image and the state of life. Sport as a social phenomenon, is effective in shaping the socio-cultural structure rather than being evaluated as an individual phenomenon. In this sense, in many of the modern societies, in this period, the sports institutions were aimed to be able to benefit from state policy. Undoubtedly, within this period, the sociological meaning assigned to sports in Soviet societies has an importance that cannot be ignored in the name of change. In the study; the meaning assigned to sports has been examined in three stages both in the collective development of sports culture and its existence in the international arena in Soviet society; in addition, Spartakiada and Moscow Olympics have been analyzed socio-politically

Local governments are vital institutions at providing local needs and putting democratic values into practice. In other words, these units not only provide local needs but also develop responsibility and political consciousness and play an important role at realizing a healthy democratic regime. The main point in the relation of local government, democracy and participation is that democracy requires localization. Local governments are important organizations to free people and bring in democratic consciousness. This relationship stems from realizing democratic preferential principles like participation at these institutions. This study examines the relationship of local democracy and participation. In this context, rules pertaining to democracy and participation of administrative province law numbered 5302, prepared regarding to restructuring local governments, are examined. In addition, results of the survey, carried out on the members of provincial council in three different provinces with different socio-economic and cultural characteristics, are evaluated

The design process, which starts with identifying the design problem in design studies, is completed by conveying the message of the creative visual solution to the target audience. The images used in the design for the target audience are carefully selected by the design team. Images have a universal language and are transmitted faster than written texts. Images have layers of meaning as cultural indicators of their own time. For this reason, the most frequently used method for examining and interpreting images is semiotics. The colors used in the design also represent culture. Each color can have personal meanings as well as cultural and universal meanings. Color constitutes an important code system in the reading of images through semiotics. To develop the ability to incorporate colors into design, it is necessary to understand the science, psychology and meaning of colors. Visual communication designers and artists are aware that effective color palette choices are one of the techniques that enable guiding eye tracking in design. Color choices, color palette designs play an important role in visual aesthetics. In addition to the contribution of colors to visual aesthetics, the meanings they attach to the message are also important. In this study, the use of images in design applications is examined through the language of colors. The contributions of the use of color to the meaning of the image are examined through examples.

Somalia has a special place in the foreign policy of the Justice and Development Party (AK Party), which has been in power since November 2002. Turkey's relations with Somalia started to develop after the official visit of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan to Somalia on 19 August 2011, who was the prime minister at that time, to support Somalis affected by severe drought and civil war. After 2011, Turkey launched one of the largest humanitarian aid campaigns to Somalia. Turkey has not only developed a soft power policy in Somalia but also started to implement a hard power policy. In this respect, Turkey has been training hundreds of Somali soldiers and police in both Ankara and Mogadishu since 2012. At the same time, Turkey opened its largest military base abroad in Somalia in 2017. This research explores the reasons and dynamics behind Turkey's deepening of its security policy in Somalia and sheds light on what Turkey's security policy means for Somalia. The research argues that there is a combination of factors driving Turkey's security policy towards Somalia, including socio-cultural, economic, and geopolitical. This study examines Turkey's security policy with a holistic approach, using conceptual and theoretical perspectives.

Thanks to its geopolitical and strategic location, Anatolia has hosted numerous rich cultures from the prehistoric eras up until today. While the political conflicts and the socio-economic changes that these cultures experienced throughout history caused the end of an era, they also laid the groundwork for the beginning of a new era. As a matter of fact, this cultural cycle can also be seen in the collapse of the Great Hittite Empire in 1190 BC and the Iron Ages that began after the collapse. Blended with numerous cultures from Urartian's in the east, Phrygians and Lydian's in the west, Late Hittite Empires in the southeast to Middle Assyrian Empire and Neo-Assyrian Empire, Iron Age is dated between 1190-330 BC. Pottery findings belonging to the 850-year period, which consists of the Middle and Late Iron Ages, constitute the subject of our study. In this context, 27 pieces of ceramics, most of which were brought to the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations by purchasing from Burdur and Isparta regions and from there to Alanya Museum, were examined. Each ceramic was classified chronologically and typologically within its own period and was attempted to be introduced scientifically by comparing it with similar samples