Search results

This article combines two aspects of the Spanish diasporic experience in the Americas often treated separately: migration and exile. Studies of the Republican exile have concentrated primarily on members of political and cultural elites forced to leave Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War and Franco's victory in 1939. Here, I look instead at how events in Spain affected the lives of Spaniards living abroad when civil war broke out in 1936. I analyze the activities in support of the Republic organized by Spaniards in the United States, and argue that the war in Spain and the Popular Front culture forged in America in the 1930s transformed these communities deeply. Not only did they become more visible, but, perhaps more important, they participated in events that fostered collaboration across generations, ethnicities, races, creeds, and social classes. The article highlights the important role played by women and children in these communities, and examines how the war shaped the identity of Spanish-American youth. These activities helped pave the way for the integration of Spanish immigrants into American society. This Americanization, often reluctant, was linked to Franco's victory, an outcome that, for many, closed the door to a possible return to Spain, transforming migrants into exiles. As such, they continued to struggle for the restoration of democracy in Spain during the four decades of the dictatorship. ; Este artículo combina dos aspectos de la experiencia de la diáspora española en América que suelen tratarse por separado: emigración y exilio. Los estudios del exilio republicano se han concentrado generalmente en miembros de las élites políticas y culturales forzados a abandonar España a consecuencia de la guerra civil y la victoria franquista en 1939. Aquí examino cómo los sucesos en España afectaron las vidas de españoles residentes en el extranjero cuando estalló la guerra en 1936. Analizando las actividades de ayuda a la República organizadas por españoles en los Estados Unidos, arguyo ...

En este trabajo se pretende establecer un diálogo entre dos fenómenos culturales que guardan cierta relación con el "descubrimiento" oficial de la diversidad sexual en España. El primero de ellos es la eclosión de la literatura de temática homosexual, coincidente cronológica e históricamente con el restablecimiento del régimen democrático —fenómeno todavía no adecuadamente comprendido y vulnerable a las fáciles descalificaciones de la crítica literaria académica. El segundo fenómeno es el cambio de actitud de los estudios culturales en España en lo referente a la representación del cuerpo, el género y la sexualidad, mediante la asimilación, a veces apresurada y poco crítica, de la denominada "queer theory". Un escrutinio crítico de estos dos fenómenos considerados recíprocamente nos permite reformular la cuestión que enmarca este dossier del siguiente modo: ¿en qué sentido podemos afirmar que los estudios culturales han marcado la pauta para comprender las transformaciones culturales que están teniendo lugar en España? ; This paper scrutinises the relation between two cultural phenomena related to the institutional "discovery" of sexual and gender diversity in Spain. One is the boom of homosexually-themed fiction literature at the beginning of the new democratic regime. This boom, which has been subject to the academic literary criticism's facile and swift dismissal, is yet to be properly comprehended. The other refers to the attitude change within Spanish cultural studies in relation to body representations, gender and sexuality —change which has been mediated by the sometimes shallow adoption of queer theory. A critical consideration of these two phenomena will lead to the following umbrella question: up to what point can it be asserted that current cultural transformations in Spain are determined by similar changes within the discipline of cultural studies?

The international empirical research about journalists' perception of their professional roles and functions presents a remarkable increase in recent years, but not so in the Spanish case. In this research, which is part of the comparative transnational study "Worlds of Journalism Study", we analyse data from a survey conducted in Spain (representative and stratified by type of media and Autonomous Community) to 390 journalists from 117 media, who were consulted about their work to detect their professional attitudes. The study identifies six roles: the watchdog, the speaker of citizenship, the instructor of the audience, favours the status quo, entertains public opinion and the disseminator of objective information. Professionals feel more identified with the role of speaker of citizenship, in relation with the Spanish political, economic and social changes in recent years. This function downplays the predominant role in the recent similar studies on Spanish journalists: the disseminator of objective information. We also found two large groups of journalists: the stimulators and the narcotizators of public opinion. Moreover, it was observed that some organizational factors (in particular, the property of media) and other individual ones (such as gender, age and years of work experience) significantly influence the perceptions of professional roles.

In the last forty years the development of the Cognitive Metaphor Theory (Lakoff 1987, 2006, Lakoff & Johnson 1980) has given rise to a great amount of research into metaphor. The study of verbal metaphor was followed by several investigations into visual and multimodal metaphor (Forceville 2007, 2008, 2009). Whereas monomodal metaphor occurs in a single mode of representation, for instance verbal metaphor, pictorial metaphor or auditory metaphor, multimodal metaphor occurring in diverse modes, for instance verbo-pictorial metaphor. In much the same way, there have been numerous studies on metaphor-metonymy interaction cases in specialized genres. In the present article we explore monomodal visual and multimodal verbo-pictorial metaphors, and multimodal cases of metaphor-metonymy interaction (i.e. verbo-pictorial metonymy-based metaphors) in a corpus of Spanish print political cartoon strips drawn from the popular newspaper El País.

A mediados de los años cincuenta se rodó en España la coproducción Aventura para dos (Spanish Affair, Don Siegel, 1957) con Car-men Sevilla y Richard Kiley, que se estrenó internacionalmente, mientras estaba en vigor un embargo de exportaciones de Hollywood a España. Representantes del Gobierno en el extranjero se quejaron a organismos es-pañoles por permitir una producción ex-tranjera en territorio español que según sus testimonios dañaba la imagen del país. To-mando como herramienta el análisis de es-pacios en films turísticos españoles de Nieto Ferrando, Rey-Reguillo y Afinoguenova, este trabajo estudia las características de este film que configuran España como espacio arcá-dico-idílico. Los resultados del análisis y la comparación con el artículo mencionado su-gieren que las quejas, aunque acertadas sobre el folclore y tradicionalismo representados, no serían consecuentes con la postura oficial del gobierno. Ese imaginario era la tendencia en films españoles que promocionaban el territorio nacional como destino turístico, que proliferaban en los años cincuenta y concordaban con el Spain is different promovido por organismos oficiales desde inicios de dicha década ; In the mid-1950s, the co-production Spanish Affair (Don Siegel, 1957), star-ring Carmen Sevilla and Richard Kiley, was filmed in Spain and premiered in-ternationally, while a Hollywood exports embargo to Spain was in force. Govern-ment representatives abroad complained to Spanish organizations for allowing a foreign production in Spanish territory, which according to their testimonies dam-aged the country's image. Taking as a tool the analysis of places in Spanish tourist films by Nieto Ferrando, del Rey Reguillo and Afinoguenova, this paper studies the characteristics of this film that configure Spain as an arcadian-idyllic place. The re-sults of the analysis and the comparison with the aforementioned article suggest that the complaints, although accurate about the folklore and traditionalism represented, would not be consistent with the official position of the government. This imaginary was the trend in Spanish films that promoted the national territory as a tourist destination, which proliferated in the fifties and coincided with the slogan Spain is different promoted by official organizations since the beginning of that decade

The Asturian musicologist E. M. Torner (Oviedo 1888- London 1955) was the first scholar working with music in a Spanish research center of international scope in Europe. The fieldwork materials he collected, investigation, courses given, and outreach activities and collaborations at the Center of Historical Studies (CEH) of the JAE (1910-1939), comprise a large amount of oral literature and music materials. Furthermore, the vast amount of unpublished work, and the ostracism to which he was condemned while living in exile and after his death, until the end of Franco's dictatorship, may show to contemporary researchers that his legacy was much more transcendent than acknowledged –especially during the 1930s– not only in the academic field but at a popular level as well. This article deals with his early approach to the JAE, the research he undertook there, and the outreach activities carried out until his exile in the UK. An exile forced by his strong political support of Spain's Second Republic. ; El asturiano E. M. Torner (1888-1955) fue el primer musicólogo en integrarse en un organismo de investigación científica de dimensión nacional en España e internacional en Europa. Sus trabajos de recogida, investigaciones, cursos y actividades de divulgación o colaboraciones desde el Centro de Estudios Históricos de la JAE (1910-1939) dejaron una monumental obra de colección y sistematización de materiales musicales y literarios de tradición oral. Asimismo, la gran cantidad de materiales que dejó inéditos, y el ostracismo desarrollado en torno a su figura durante su exilio y posterior muerte, hasta el fin de la dictadura franquista, inducen a pensar a los investigadores que su labor fue mucho más trascendente, especialmente en la década de 1930, tanto a nivel popular como académico. Aquí se relatará su ingreso en la JAE, las investigaciones desarrolladas por él allí, y las actividades de divulgación que llevó a cabo hasta su exilio en Gran Bretaña –exilio debido a sus fuertes lazos políticos con la Segunda República.

The use of the term social networks has spread in a majority way in the Spanish-speaking countries, not only in an academic and scientific way, but also in the whole society, understanding a commonly accepted meaning to refer to certain online tools such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or LinkedIn among others. Thus, we must ask ourselves if this terminological conception and the conceptual form are well used and if there is a better alternative, to clarify such an important field of study in the social sciences. The article compiles definitions and uses of the term, placing special emphasis on the most primitive definitions of social networks that we can find in the Anglo-Saxon literature. Based on social
scientific studies that were published in English and more recently in Spanish, we can explain the detailed conceptualization and differentiation of social networks and social media, emphasizing the way of improvement. A distinction is made between types of social networks and the possibilities offered by distinguishing between social networks and social media for research methodology in social sciences in Spanish.

E-learning is a way of teaching that presently makes greater sense in the process of democratization of education. This articles describes a meta-analysis performed on Spanish journals found in Social Sciences and Law areas (N = 118) indexed in JCR and SCOPUS and awarded with the FECYT seal, that have published articles on this topic in the last 5 years (2011–2015). The total number of articles analyzed was 108. The main results show that these have focused on studies on academic efficiency, learning, teaching and cognitive styles, and interaction and communication. The main conclusion reached was the need for a study on the reasoning behind why elements such assessments are not treated in these articles.

The present study analyses the reception of Samuel Johnson in Spain through the translation of his works into Spanish. Despite the immense in uence Samuel Johnson has had in the English-speaking world as one of the most significant representatives of enlightened Humanism, the knowledge of his works and his figure have been rather belated in the Hispanic world. His marked "Englishness" may be considered one of the causes why his works went unnoticed among his Spanish contemporaries and the following generations at a time when political and cultural alliances linked Spain to France rather than to Great Britain. A determining factor in the process of making Samuel Johnson better-known in Spain has been the development of English Studies as an academic discipline, especially since the 1980's. The second important factor is the availability of Spanish translations of the famous biography signed by James Boswell. El presente estudio analiza la recepción de la obra de Samuel Johnson en España a través de las traducciones al castellano. Pese a la inmensa in uencia de la que goza Samuel Johnson en el mundo angloparlante como máximo representante del humanismo ilustrado, la difusión tanto del autor como de su obra ha sido tardía en el ámbito hispánico. Su marcado carácter "inglés" puede considerarse como una de las causas del aparente desinterés que su obra despertó entre sus coetáneos y las generaciones inmediatamente posteriores en una época en las que las alianzas políticas y culturales ligaban España a Francia. Un factor determinante en la divulgación de la obra de Johnson ha sido el desarrollo como disciplina académica de los Estudios de Filología inglesa, en especial a partir de la década de 1980. El segundo factor es la aparición de varias traducciones españolas de la famosa biografía sobre la vida de Johnson firmada por James Boswell.

This paper is based on a previous study on the representation of Arab Muslim women in Spanish fiction series of the second decade of the 21st century. It was decided to replicate the analysis in a selection of films to determine whether both media offer similar cultural discourses about this group. Using a qualitative methodology based on the characterization model and the analysis of the stereotype figure, it was determined that, in fiction feature films and unlike the series, these women have been relegated to secondary characters with greater or lesser presence in the plot. Furthermore, their participation in the plot depends exclusively on their link with a male character. In both formats, they are represented with physical features frequently associated with their community and all of them wear a turban or hijab at some point in the plot. In both, series and films, there are characters from this group that break with the tendency to associate these women with the private sphere. In films, there are not many scenes in which stereotypes associated with this minority are expressed verbally. However, when this occurs, they confront and correct the concepts with which they are defined. Nevertheless, topics such as the way of life, religion, or violence are represented through preconceived ideas, usually associated with this community. It is concluded that, unlike in the field of serialized audiovisuals, Spanish cinema, for the most part, has returned to the first formulas of representation of Arab Muslim women. This is consistent with current data on audiovisual content production in Spain, which reflect a trend of return to the past in cinema, in relation to diversity and character representation. The image of this minority in films is characterized by invisibility, lack of voice, confinement to the domestic sphere, and links to violence and drugs. Therefore, the stereotype associating nationality with criminal behavior and substance abuse is maintained in Spanish fiction.

El presente trabajo aborda uno de los más aciagos dramas nacionales: el problema de la enseñanza del castellano. El tema ha sido objeto de reflexión de múltiples foros y ha sido abordado por una gran cantidad de artículos de posición. El autor analiza las causas de la defectiva situación de la enseñanza del español y propone las posibles medidas que, en caso de asumirse, podrían sacarnos del atolladero. Sobre la base de hacer un efectivo diagnóstico de los graves errores del sistema educativo peruano, el estudioso expone sus ideas fundamentales sobre la escritura de textos, la lectura, el análisis gramatical y la cuestión lingüística peruana (nuestro rico e irreductible multilingüismo). La conclusión de las reflexiones anteriores nos conduce a una visión escéptica sobre el futuro de la enseñanza del castellano. En este sentido, el pesimismo del autor es, en el fondo, un llamado de atención: Urge un verdadero cambio de marcha en la política educativa peruana. ; The teaching of Spanish undergoes a severe crisis, as in shown in the great percentages of the population that has difficulties in understanding even simple texts and produces unintelligible texts; that the problem is generally known, is shown in several important national and international studies. Our study centers on showing the causes of the problem and its possible solutions. We consider it important to teach children and the young people to have a considerable command of Spanish; to center the teaching on the understanding and the production of texts and keep on a second level the teaching of grammar and spelling and other aspects that correspond more to an explicit knowledge of the language that, furthermore,is not well taught, either. On the other hand, the problem is not onlymethodological; it has its roots in the social and economical situation of thecountry. There is no acces to the books necessary, the people cannot buy them and there hardly exist any public libraries; with respect to the lackingof educational politics (there is no national project in the branch of education), each government modifies the plans of study, not justifying anything at all. The forming of teachers is highly deficient. The teachers oft he Spanish that finish their studies in the Faculties of Education and Pedagogical Institutes do nor always manage well this language and alltheir formation is centred on methodologies, not having really a solid formation in scientific knowledge, that they should teach. Usually it is not taken into account that Peru is a multilingual and multidialectal country, that there is a great variety of sociolectes and registers; all that should betaken into account and that without this consideration, the teaching of beSpanish will not be successful, but a failure.

En este texto se examina el alcance que el principio de intolerancia religiosa tuvo entre los primeros liberales españoles, partiendo de la constatación de que la intolerancia era un ingrediente esencial de la cultura política española a comienzos del siglo xix, marco cronológico de referencia. A diferencia de los realistas o «serviles», los liberales no concibieron la intolerancia como un principio inamovible, intrínseco al catolicismo, sino como una prescripción del poder civil, que podía ser alterada por este poder si lo consideraba conveniente. Desde esta óptica, se examina por qué no se consideró oportuno debatir en este tiempo sobre la tolerancia, se ofrece una interpretación del artículo 12 de la Constitución de 1812 y se muestra cómo en el transcurso de los debates parlamentarios los liberales matizaron la intolerancia de cultos contenida en dicho artículo. This article examines the extent to which the principle of religious intolerance was espoused by the first Spanish liberals, taking into account that intolerance was an essential ingredient of Spanish political culture in the time-frame considered, that is the early 19th century. Unlike the royalists or «serviles», liberals did not see intolerance as an immovable principle intrinsic to Catholicism, but as a precept of civil power which that power could modify whenever it saw fit. From that viewpoint the article asks why it was not considered convenient to debate toleration at that time. It offers an interpretation of Article 12 of the Constitution of 1812 and shows how in the course of the parliamentary debates the liberals moderated the intolerance of creeds implicit in that article.

Hasta el día de hoy, el español de Guinea Ecuatorial es una variedad lingüística poco considerada en estudios sobre historia, dialectología y sociolingüística del español. De modo similar, y a diferencia de otros grupos hispanohablantes, los inmigrantes guineoecuatorianos en España constituyen un colectivo poco visible, que hasta ahora no se ha visto representado en investigaciones sociolingüísticas sobre la población inmigrante en la sociedad española. El presente trabajo tiene como propósito mejorar la visibilidad de los guineoecuatorianos y de su situación lingüística en Madrid a través de una primera aproximación a las valoraciones que hacen del español madrileño y del español hablado en su país de origen. Los datos se extraen de diez entrevistas, realizadas en 2017 en Madrid con inmigrantes procedentes de Guinea Ecuatorial. Los resultados se pondrán en relación con el contexto histórico-político y sociolingüístico actual en el que ocurre el contacto entre las dos variedades del español. ; Equatoguineans in Madrid: attitudes toward their own Spanish and the Spanish of Madrid. Until today, the Spanish of Equatorial Guinea is a linguistic variety that has been ignored in many studies on history, dialectology and sociolinguistics of the Spanish language. In a similar way, and in contrast with other Spanish speaking groups, the Equatoguinean immigrants in Spain constitute a hardly visible group, which so far has not been considered in sociolinguistic investigations on the immigrant population in the Spanish society. This paper aims at improving the visibility of the Equatoguineans and their sociolinguistic situation in Madrid through a first analysis of their attitudes toward the Spanish of Madrid and the Spanish spoken in their country of origin. The data is drawn from ten interviews that were conducted in 2017 in Madrid with immigrants from Equatorial Guinea. The results will be connected with the historical, political and sociolinguistic context in which the contact between these two varieties of Spanish ...

This paper explores the presence of local spatial interaction on urban development patterns of Spanish urban areas and whether this interaction might be due to the strategic behaviour of neighbouring local governments. Using remote-sensing data from aerial photography and satellite imaging along with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques, it studies urban development patterns across the country with unprecedented detail. The results confirm the main hypothesis that spatial interaction exists in the levels of sprawl between neighbouring municipalities, suggesting that local governments do indeed compete for the creation of new suburban settlement developments, hence promoting excessive urban sprawl.