The Central Asian Economies since Independence
Cover Page -- Half-title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Initial Conditions and Choice of Economic Policies -- 1.2 Economic Growth Performance Since Independence -- 1.3 Distribution -- 1.4 The Situation in the Early 2000s -- 1.5 Conclusions -- I. The National Economies -- 2. Uzbekistan: Economic Gradualism and Political Stability -- 2.1 The Uzbek Paradox, 1991-97 -- 2.2 The Reintroduction of Exchange Controls -- 2.3 The Economy in the Early 2000s -- 2.4 Conclusions -- 3. Kazakhstan: Oil-Boom Economy -- 3.1 A Two-Part History -- 3.2 Macroeconomic Performance during the 1990s -- 3.3 Privatization -- 3.4 The Oil, Gas, and Minerals Sectors -- 3.5 Agriculture -- 3.6 Is Economic Diversification Necessary to Avoid the Natural Resource Curse? -- 3.7 The Social Sectors -- 3.8 Conclusions -- 4. Tajikistan: Civil War and Its Aftermath -- 4.1 The Political Background -- 4.2 Economic Performance -- 4.3 Economic Policies -- 4.4 Social Indicators and the Quality of Life -- 4.5 Conclusions -- 5. The Kyrgyz Republic: The Region's Rapid Reformer -- 5.1 Creating a Market Economy -- 5.2 Developments in the Real Economy -- 5.3 Foreign Aid and External Debt -- 5.4 Health, Education, and Social Services -- 5.5 Conclusions -- 6. Turkmenistan: The Realm of Turkmenbashi the Great -- 6.1 The Political Background -- 6.2 Initial Conditions and Economic Strategy -- 6.3 Economic Performance -- 6.4 Sustainability -- 6.5 Conclusions -- II. Economic Performance -- 7. Measuring Economic Performance -- 7.1 National-Accounts Measures of Output -- 7.2 National-Accounts Measures and Material Well-Being -- 7.3 Survey Evidence -- 7.4 Other Considerations -- 7.5 Conclusions: Putting It All Together -- 8. Winners and Losers -- 8.1 Household Survey Data from the 1990s -- 8.2 Household Location -- 8.3 Household Composition.