Suchergebnisse

International audience ; International aid has influenced and, in part, shaped the artistic sector in Africa's Great Lakes region (DRC, Rwanda, Burundi) since the s, a period marked by numerous conflicts and mass violence. Due to NGOs' programmatic foci, artists performing for social change are increasingly compelled to focus on reconciliation and conflict resolution, generating political awareness and bringing about social change, healing and peacemaking. Through a comparative analysis of European and local productions on the genocide this article asks, how and why does an 'NGO-style theatre' develop a specific audience in the region? How have themes such as mass violence, inter-ethnic conflict and social cohesion become the main concerns of the territory's theatre? How do performances made and/or sponsored by NGOs challenge not only theatre's form, its social stakes and functions, but also the conception of its audience and the relationships between actors and spectators?

International audience ; International aid has influenced and, in part, shaped the artistic sector in Africa's Great Lakes region (DRC, Rwanda, Burundi) since the s, a period marked by numerous conflicts and mass violence. Due to NGOs' programmatic foci, artists performing for social change are increasingly compelled to focus on reconciliation and conflict resolution, generating political awareness and bringing about social change, healing and peacemaking. Through a comparative analysis of European and local productions on the genocide this article asks, how and why does an 'NGO-style theatre' develop a specific audience in the region? How have themes such as mass violence, inter-ethnic conflict and social cohesion become the main concerns of the territory's theatre? How do performances made and/or sponsored by NGOs challenge not only theatre's form, its social stakes and functions, but also the conception of its audience and the relationships between actors and spectators?

En este artículo se exponen los resultados de un estudio sobre clases sociales efectuado en la parroquia Olegario Villalobos del Municipio Maracaibo del Estado Zulia, Venezuela, en el año 2006, que forma parte de un proyecto de investigación más amplio denominado: "Clasificación Social de las Parroquias del Municipio Maracaibo del Estado Zulia***. Así mismo, presenta los aspectos metodológicos desarrollados en un proceso de clasificación social que combina las concepciones marxista y funcionalista, mediante la operacionalización de la variable clase social en dos dimensiones, a saber: clase-categoría y clase- situación. La mayor utilidad de este trabajo se encuentra en el aporte que puede representar para diferenciar clases sociales en espacios político-territoriales pequeños, en los cuales no están presentes factores de orden social más global como el poder político y la acumulación de riqueza en ciclos productivos de gran escala. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la existencia de cuatro (4) clases sociales en la Parroquia Olegario Villalobos: "Los pequeños propietarios", "La clase del diploma", "La modesta clase media" y "La clase subempleada

Social media sites like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Integra are very much active as compared to any other platforms, people always show their concern towards these sites because these platforms not only provide entertainment stuff but nowadays it has become the source of income for many people and it also deliver news related to the situations and conditions of each corner of the world. The power of social media came to a point where no one in this world could neglect its worth because people across the world are now able to reach their voice to others by utilizing these major sites. Similarly in the year 2020 when the American election took place in the severe condition of Covid-19 the political parties of Joe Biden and Donald Trump who were standing against each other and their followers strongly used social media platforms to target their audience by making fan pages on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Integra with more than a million followers and subscribers, because at that time the whole world was stuck at their homes and was spending their precious time on social media sites so that they could become aware that to whom they going to elect as their new president by seeing their previous performances and efforts towards their nation. But on the other hand, these sites faced a lot of hardships to maintain their reputation because at that time the competition among the social sites was very tough every platform was trying hard to rank their sites on the number one position and for that, a huge case of misinformation was also been seen where false news was spreading to manipulate the citizens of the nation, for the prevention of these illegal act social media sites put a lot of bans of the fake news the fake fan pages so that they could deliver the authentic news related to the results of election 2020 of the USA.

Résumé Cet article présente une analyse de projets partenariaux qui se caractérisent par le fait qu'ils sont coconstruits. Leur mise en œuvre conduit les acteurs à mettre en place un collectif régulateur qui se voit reconnaître une légitimité par les acteurs les plus proches de l'action. On peut parler ici d'un processus instituant de type endogène-ascendant. Celui-ci se fonde prioritairement sur l'engagement des individus les uns vis-à-vis des autres et sur la conscience de leur interdépendance. Si cette forme d'institution (au sens de processus) est minimale et précaire sous certains aspects, elle n'en est pas moins forte pour ses membres et sa force s'ancre dans la force des liens qui unissent différents partenaires et qui tient à leur identité plurielle et à leur capacité à métisser leur logique avec celles d'autres intervenants. Ces processus sont analysés à l'aide du concept de transaction sociale, proposé par Jean Remy (in Freynet, 1998). Celui-ci permet en particulier de comprendre comment des acteurs peuvent : 1. Pallier l'absence de cadre institué par la construction d'un cadre procédural minimal qui construit et garantit la transaction et qui se manifeste par des règles négociées et stabilisées sur la base d'une articulation des intérêts des membres du collectif. 2. Procéder à la mise en équivalence de « richesses symboliques » initialement incomparables parce que produites dans des segments sociaux différents et qui conduisent à la formulation d'un accord sur les valeurs et les conceptions qui fondent l'action et à l'émergence d'une situation de confiance réciproque. 3. Redéfinir d'une manière mutuellement acceptée leurs identités sociales dans le cadre de la construction de ce nouvel espace d'interactions sociales.

El artículo analiza los principales aportes de la literatura académica acerca de los regímenes de políticas sociales que se configuraron en los países latinoamericanos desde inicios del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. Se concentra en la variación en los regímenes de políticas sociales a nivel intrarregional, a lo largo del tiempo, así como en los factores políticos que explican esos resultados. Tras la identificación de tres etapas en el desarrollo de las políticas sociales, el estudio destaca los desafíos que hoy en día se plantean en materia de protección social, los principales aportes y vacíos en la literatura, así como asuntos a profundizar en una futura agenda de investigación. ; The article discusses the main academic contributions to the study of different social policy regimes in Latin America since the beginning of the 20th century to the present time. It analyzes social policy regime variation across countries and time, as well as the politics of social policy during this period. After identifying three stages in the development of social policies, the article highlights the main challenges of Latin America´s social protection regimes, the main contributions and gaps in the literature, as well as the issues that should be considered in a future research agenda.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and economic performance, with focus on social cooperative enterprises (SCEs) that work in non-profit sectors.Design/methodology/approachA survey was developed and administered in Italy. A final sample of 151 SCEs participated in the study. Data were collected on IC measures, social enterprise activities and economic and mission-based performance outcomes.FindingsTwo hypotheses that proposed a positive association between IC sub-components (i.e. human capital, structural capital and relational capital) and the economic and mission-based performance of SCEs were tested. Findings highlight that human capital contributes to explain economic performance which is positively affected by the presence of graduate employees and value added per employee. However, economic performance is negatively affected by the yearly training per employee. In addition, human and relational capital contribute to explain mission-based performance which is positively affected by yearly training, the value added per employee and the quality of relationships with customers. However, mission-based performance is negatively affected by the relationships' quality with the reference territorial community. Therefore, relational capital would seem to affect only mission-based performance, and human capital influences both dimensions of corporate performance. Structural capital does not affect social cooperatives' performance.Practical implicationsSome of the results in this study are particular to this research setting. It is therefore important for senior leaders of SCEs to take the results of general IC literature with a grain of salt. Whereas most of the academic literature generally supports the positive relationship of all IC sub-components (i.e. human, structural and relational capital) with performance outcomes, this is not the case in this particular study.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study that has examined the linkages between IC sub-components and performance outcomes in SCEs in Italy.

ABSTRACT
The beginning of the twentieth century was a period of an intense development of technological utopia. The advancement of the natural sciences at that time provided scholars and thinkers with a new perspective and a better tool for getting to know the universe. Thanks to this, utopian visions created at that time were more daring and ambitious than their predecessors. It is no coincidence that the first cosmic utopias were created at this time, positioning ideal communities outside the earth. Russian authors Alexander Bogdanov and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky stand out among the creators of such utopias. These two renowned scientists, considered pioneers in their respective areas, presented within the span of slightly more than a decade surprisingly similar visions, one of them taking place on Mars and the other in the cosmic space. What sets the two narratives apart is the role they attribute to science and technology. Regardless of the fact that both utopias are characterized by a high level of scientific development and technological advancement, the scientific-technological factor is a vital determinant of the idealized community in only one of them. The key to understanding this discrepancy may be found in the works of British writer H. G. Wells.

AbstractThis paper uses the decade-long collaboration between the Indian paleobotanist Birbal Sahni (1891–1949) and his Chinese doctoral student Hsü Jen (Xu Ren 徐仁, 1910–1992) to offer a connected history of mid-twentieth century scientific activity in China and India. Possibly the first Chinese scientist to earn a PhD from an Indian university (Lucknow, 1946), Hsü was certainly the first to be appointed to a faculty position in India. Sahni and Hsü's attempts to build Asian networks of scientific activity, characterized by the circulation of experts, scientific knowledge, and specimens, provide the grounds for considering a practice of Pan-Asianism. Such a formulation adds to existing work on the Pan-Asianist articulations of intellectual and political figures and urges for an expansion of how we understand scientific activity across China and India from the 1930s to the 1960s. In so doing, the paper makes two historiographical interventions. In the first instance, the collaboration presents an opportunity to move beyond the two dominant frames through which histories of science in China and India are studied: the nation state and Non-West/West binaries. Second, a focus on science widens the scope of China–India history, a field dominated by research on cultural, intellectual, and diplomatic topics.

Qu'ils soient qualifiés d'impresarios ou d'agents artistiques, ces acteurs des mondes de l'art occupent depuis la fin du XIX e siècle une fonction d'intermédiaires sur le marché du travail artistique. Il s'agit de montrer comment les agents artistiques ont progressivement construit leur territoire professionnel, oscillant entre absence de règlementation, encadrement et libéralisation de l'activité. D'abord peu encadrée, discréditée en raison de la présomption d'escroquerie qui pèse sur elle, la profession est progressivement contrôlée par les autorités préfectorales et municipales. La construction sociale de la profession s'appuie sur un travail de moralisation et d'encadrement de l'activité qui, après avoir obtenu une dérogation d'exercice alors que les bureaux de placement payants étaient supprimés, aboutit ensuite à sa légalisation par la loi de décembre 1969. Enfin, à partir de 2004, une autre phase est amorcée qui aboutit en 2010, avec l'application de la directive Bolkenstein, à la libéralisation de la profession. De l'activité de placement à celle de la représentation des intérêts professionnels qui élargit la palette de leurs prérogatives, la légalisation de l'activité s'est construite à la croisée des luttes syndicales des artistes et de la structuration interne de ce territoire professionnel très hétérogène et hiérarchisé.

No geral, a prática da engenharia está profundamente atrelada ao desenvolvimento do ordenamento sociotécnico capitalista hegemônico. Assumir tal atividade como caminho que, se quisermos, também pode produzir desenvolvimento (ou transformação) social – ou seja, a subversão desse ordenamento – é algo relativamente recente no mundo. No Brasil, trocas de experiências e adensamento da reflexão sobre o tema estão grandemente associadas ao Encontro Nacional de Engenharia e Desenvolvimento Social (ENEDS). Por conta disso, iniciou-se um trabalho de pesquisa que, tendo como base os 392 artigos apresentados nas doze primeiras edições anuais do encontro, busca, em um primeiro momento, descrever o campo de engenharia e desenvolvimento social no país. Neste artigo, apresentamos os primeiros dados que este trabalho nos propiciou, assim como algumas hipóteses iniciais para eles. Ao seu final, descrevemos preliminarmente os próximos passos pretendidos nessa empreitada e aquilo que se busca com eles.

El presente artículo, explora el malestar social a partir del fenómeno de la violencia, generado por una democracia limitada e insuficiente, para proveer seguridad a la sociedad, creando un tipo de individuo que se mueve en un marco cultural, signado por el consumismo y la transgresión como forma de vida, el cual termina por erosionar las bases mismas de la institucionalidad democrática.