UIDB/04647/2020 UIDP/04647/2020 ; This article presents a preliminary analysis on the evolutionary framework for new types of in-tersections, dialogues and conflicts between urban administration and civic movements in Por-tugal. The analysis is here based on two case studies developed around urban requalification processes in two central public spaces, in the cities of Lisbon – the Martim Moniz Square – and Aveiro – the Rossio Garden. In these cases, the conflicts and the interconnections between local authorities and social movements have been evolving in very interesting forms. Expressing not only relevant changes occurring on urban civic movements themselves, but also an inevitable although still quite limited and visibly thwarted political culture reconfiguration on urban gov-ernments and its administration. ; publishersversion ; published
The Portuguese housing market underwent major transformations between 2010 and 2020. Until then, a delicate but resentful stability had long existed, with distorted rent schemes and low annual price increases proportional to the national economy and the income of the Portuguese population. After the financial crisis, several internal and external variables converged to dramatically change this scenario. In recent years, a growing number of researchers have centred their attention on the difficulties that the Portuguese urban middle-class populations are facing in trying to find homes. This paper analyses these challenges and their impact quantitatively, focusing on the affordability of housing for purchase or rent and considering synthetic indicators for average household incomes in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area between the beginning of 2016 and the end of 2019. The results show that the cost of buying or renting a house in the main Portuguese urban system has become much more detached from local incomes. The article concludes with reflections on the structural reasons for the enduring inequalities in the housing markets and the difficulties recognising territorial cohesion and spatial justice as important elements shaping urban and housing policies in Portugal.
This paper focuses on the influence that residential markets and their most recent dynamics have on the cohesion or socio-spatial segregation trends in the Lisbon metropolitan system. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part presents in a resumed form, the main defining elements for Lisbon urban development in this decade of 2010, where the effects of the economic crisis combined with global socioeconomic and technological changes. The second part exposes the components that marked the most recent evolution of the real estate and housing markets in Portugal and particularly in the metropolis of Lisbon. The third describes how such changes have put severe pressures on household's financial capacities; an analysis mostly based on the 2016-2018 evolution of the house price to income ratios, both for purchase and renting situations, in the municipalities of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The final part of the paper reflects on corresponding social and urban new challenges and dilemmas, also focusing on the possible reasons for political mismatches and difficulties in consolidating territorial cohesion, spatial justice and the right to housing as main elements for urban policy sustainment on the metropolis of Lisbon. ; Este texto incide sobre a influência que os mercados residenciais e as suas dinâmicas mais recentes têm nas tendências de coesão ou de segregação socioespacial no sistema metropolitano de Lisboa. O texto desenvolve-se em quatro partes. A primeira parte apresenta de forma sucinta alguns elementos definidores da evolução urbanística de Lisboa nesta vertiginosa década de 2010, onde se conjugaram os efeitos da crise económica europeia com as mutações socioeconómicas e tecnológicas globais. Na segunda parte expõem-se as componentes que têm marcado a evolução mais recente dos mercados imobiliário e habitacional em Portugal e na metrópole de Lisboa. Na terceira descrevem-se como tais mutações nos mercados habitacionais têm pressionado, de forma crescente, as capacidades financeiras das famílias – ...
This text resulted from a research project that seeks to observe and interpret forms and flows of governance (sociopolitical and cultural) associated with creative (and cumulative) dynamics in cities and in pro-urban territories. It results from a work of theoretical and critical reflection on basic concepts (creativity, vitality and governance in the city) and the empirical projection of such perspectives in a set of interviews carried out with key actors in the thinking and action around the contemporary city , in 3 metropolitan territories: Lisbon, São Paulo and Barcelona. It was tried not only to identify the different perspectives around the concepts and respective dynamics of complementarity and connectivity between them; but also the structuring and metabolic conditions for the sustained development of creativity in today's city, both in terms of its spatial / geographical configurations, but also in the associated socio-cultural and economic environments. There are also forms of promotion and public and private support of urban creativity, discussing political strategies and governance processes for their empowerment. Different perspectives (in relation to the city itself and its emancipation) lead to different rationales of sociopolitical action, particularly in the face of dynamics and governance structures. This text mirrors such perspectives of political rationality, in the scope of the promotion of urban creativity. Notwithstanding an inherent (and salutary) diversity of perspectives, the importance of urban-spatial elements such as the diversity and proximity of different types of actors, their transactional practices, mobility and daily dynamics; along with key elements in the local / metropolitan governance sphere, such as openness and proactivity (and corresponding capacity for organizational change), as well as the dissemination of information and vehicles for debate and co-responsibility, are vital elements for strengthening the governance of creativity in the contemporary city. Governance ...
Resumo Lisboa encontra-se em transição. Ao sair de uma crise económica acompanhada por severas políticas de austeridade, encontra-se numa nova fase de dinamismo económico, mas sem conseguir inverter antigas e novas estruturas de desigualdade social e territorial. Este artigo, ao mostrar as recentes transformações do mercado imobiliário e da habitação na principal cidade portuguesa, bem como os movimentos sociais preocupados com o direito à habitação, questiona as articulações entre desenvolvimento local e modelos da nova economia global. A recente história de Lisboa é apresentada como caso paradigmático das disputas entre modelos pseudoliberais de desenvolvimento económico e urbano, e a paulatina formação de suas contestações locais, sobretudo sociais mas também institucionais e, decerto, crescentemente interligadas em redes internacionais.
En montrant comment la combinaison des transformations globales et des politiques locales ont touché l'immobilier et le marché du logement dans la première ville du Portugal, le texte prend Lisbonne comme exemple paradigmatique des tensions croissantes entre les nouveaux modèles pseudo-libéraux du développement économique et urbain et leurs oppositions. Celles-ci sont sociales mais aussi du côté des institutions. L'article se demande ainsi jusqu'à quel point la politique de « fin de l'austérité » aujourd'hui est en mesure de répondre aux interrogations de ces nouveaux mouvements sociaux qui émergent du fait des nouvelles conditions de vie et des pressions sur le système du logement en milieu urbain. En dernier lieu, l'article souligne un certain nombre d'enjeux face aux incertitudes de la transition politique et sociale à Lisbonne, qui reste caractérisée par des hésitations. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
The concept of governance has been evolving into one of the most important but also dubious concepts in urban politics. The enlightening perspectives of cooperation, participation and collective construction are accompanied by shadowed fears of public demission, oligarchic regimes and less local democracy. These lights and shadows and the dilemmas they bring along are particularly relevant when observing the cities of the south of Europe, whose socio-cultural specificities very much structure local political and policy materialisations. Joining urban Mediterranean socio-political and cultural perspectives — including when gaining cosmopolitanism, and thus reducing North-South dualisms — this paper proposes a systematisation of governance tendencies and directions for deeper analysis of the Mediterranean urban world. ; O conceito de governança tem vindo a tornar-se num dos mais relevantes, mas também mais dúbios conceitos em política urbana. As perspectivas luminosas de cooperação, de participação e de construção colectiva são acompanhadas por receios sombrios de demissão pública, regimes oligárquicos e diminuição da democracia local. Estas luzes e sombras e os dilemas que trazem são particularmente relevantes quando se analisam as cidades do Sul da Europa, cujas especificidades socioculturais estruturam muitas das materializações políticas locais. Conjugando as especificidades culturais e sociopolíticas do mundo urbano mediterrânico — incluindo quando aumenta o seu cosmopolitismo e se reduzem dualismos Norte-Sul — este artigo propõe uma sistematização das actuais tendências de governança, bem como correspondentes direcções de aprofundamento analítico.
UID/SOC/04647/2013 ; The adoption of the euro accelerated the dependent financialisation of the Portuguese economy, which remained structurally backward despite its integration into global finance. The flow of foreign credit towards the real estate, infrastructure, and construction sectors since the mid-nineties fueled the suburban expansion of Lisbon and the abandonment of its historic centre until the crisis of 2008. After the collapse of that model of urban development, Lisbon's historic centre became a space of opportunity for global real estate investment offering high profitabilities in the international short-term-rental and premium markets. With thousands of abandoned dwellings and tenants paying very low rents, the rent gap of the historic centre was enormous. Since many residents of that territory were tenants paying controlled rents, it became necessary to change the lease regime in order to rapidly and easily evict them and let investors engage in the transformation of the area. The new urban lease regime liberalised the rental market and triggered the actualisation of rents above the capacity of many tenants in a context of rising demand for rental housing and strong austerity policies ―and evictions multiplied. The non-regular resident tax regime was implemented by the Portuguese government to attract foreign high-skilled professionals and pensioners. Under this special regime, foreign citizens benefit from a reduced flat personal income tax rate of 20% and any pension income generated abroad is totally tax exempt ―even when not taxed in the country of origin. As a corollary, housing supply for conventional use has dropped significantly and prices have increased dramatically in the historic centre as tourist apartments proliferate and foreign investors multiply. Urban regeneration fuelled by tourism and international investment has not stopped the loss of residents in this area, while the impossibility for many locals to find affordable housing there constitutes a worrying outcome of Lisbon's ...
Resumo Este artigo, reconhecendo a relevância das dimensões territoriais e urbanas para uma melhor interpretação da atual crise e seus principais impulsionadores, bem como das suas consequências e reacções sociopolíticas, analisa a evolução recente da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, perante tempos de crise económica e de políticas de austeridade. O artigo propõe duas conclusões, a merecer estudo adicional com o objectivo de uma sua possível teorização mais alargada: 1) podem distinguir-se fases distintas da crise e uma correlação entre estas, as políticas de austeridade implementadas e a correspondente ampliação dos efeitos da crise nos tecidos socioeconómicos territoriais; 2) verifica-se o aumento de um confronto de natureza estruturante entre políticas top-down de escalas europeia e nacionais e as dinâmicas sociopolíticas de escalas mais locais e mesmo bottom-up, redesenhando-se os quadros geopolíticos territoriais por formas crescentemente distintas e mais complexas; de divergências, aproximações e intersecções de base multi-escalar.
UIDB/04647/2020 UIDP/04647/2020 ; Las ciudades, o los complejos espacios urbanos en que se están transformando, son vitales en la sociedad del futuro, particularmente en un contexto de globalización en que la fragmentación del poder y la transición de la gobernación tradicional a la gobernanza acompañan movimientos urbanos que aumentan su relevancia, ya sea a través de acción directa o por el incremento de la responsabilidad democrática. En Portugal, sin embargo, los movimientos urbanos y las asociaciones cívicas en general son discretos en sus actividades, dimensión y relevancia. De hecho, no hay indicios de que la crisis de 2008–2014 haya provocado un cambio muy significativo. En este artículo intentamos arrojar alguna luz sobre las causas de esta aparente inercia. Creemos que aun que haya algunos signos de cambio, en un contexto de transición a la gobernanza y de nuevas dinámicas urbanas, todo queda muy distante de lo que se está produciendo en otros países europeos. En un contexto de cambio para un abordaje multiescalar de la política, de las políticas públicas, de la planificación y de la acción, después de siglos de enfoque jerárquico y sectorial (aún) dominante, nuestro examen centra-se no contexto do poder de las ciudades y en las ciudades. Cities -or the urban complex spaces that they are becoming- are vital in society's future, particularly in a general context of globalization. In this setting, power fragmentation and government to governance transitions, which are indisputable and significant phenomena, go hand in hand with urban movements that are becoming increasingly relevant, both through their direct action, and as a consequence of democratic responsibility. In Portugal, however, urban movements and civic associations in general seem rather discreet in their activities, dimension and role. In fact, there is no strong evidence that the 2008-2014 crisis has brought any dramatic change in these aspects. In this article we aim to shed some light on plausible explanations for this apparent inertia. Signs of change, in a context of increased governance and new urban dynamics do exist but do not seem to follow the trend that is thriving in several cities on other European countries. In face of new opportunities for a multiscalar approach to politics, planning and action, after centuries of a (still) dominant hierarchical and sectorial approach, we examine the context of the power of the cities and in the cities in Portugal. ; publishersversion ; published
This article results from an ongoing research whose central theme is developed around public spaces and urban protagonism. An instrumental and methodological framework is presented, which is in an experimental application phase. One of the research hypotheses, supported by the corresponding empirical observation work, tends to illustrate the possible protagonism of the Lisbon Metropolis through the manifestation or emergence of factors leading to a certain social and urban quality of the space under observation. Based on the hypothesis that certain areas are emblematic of the social and territorial transformations and conditioning of the metropolitan configuration, a methodological framework was designed to facilitate the use and articulation of the empirical material resulting from the analysis of concrete public spaces of the Lisbon Metropolis, through different analytical lenses: the metropolitan scale, the urban scale and the local scale. The analytical matrix centered on public space as the basis for the study of urban protagonism (in urban, political and socio-cultural perspectives) is based on four analytical dimensions. A new synthesis of the urban is sought in which the public space is simultaneously the object of analysis and a privileged analytical perspective for the accomplishment of the analytical plans that frame the study of the urban protagonism in public space. ; O texto que aqui se apresenta resulta de uma pesquisa em curso cuja temática central se desenvolve em torno dos espaços públicos e do protagonismo urbano. Apresenta-se um quadro instrumental e metodológico, que se encontra em fase experimental de aplicação. Uma das hipóteses de pesquisa, apoiada no respectivo trabalho de observação empírica, tende a ilustrar o eventual protagonismo da Metrópole de Lisboa através da manifestação ou emergência de factores conducentes a uma determinada qualidade social e urbana do espaço em observação. Partindo-se da hipótese que existem determinadas áreas emblemáticas das transformações sociais e ...
Resumo As mudanças que têm ocorrido recentemente na cidade de Lisboa estão associadas, em grande medida, às dinâmicas de mobilidade residencial, suas causas e consequências. A escolha da área de residência, determinada por fatores econômicos, sociais, culturais e psicológicos, resulta numa alteração gradual da estrutura social da cidade e dos padrões de ocupação do território. Este artigo, partindo dos dados de um inquérito realizado aos munícipes de Lisboa entre 2016 e 2017, procura contribuir para melhor compreender essas mudanças, analisando as dimensões territorial e temporal da mobilidade, assim como os perfis socioeconômicos dos residentes mais antigos e dos novos. Perante a diversidade de experiências de mobilidade residencial, recorreu-se à análise multivariada para definir cinco perfis com características sociais distintas.
