Suchergebnisse

Residential solid waste is being a critical problem in many cities including Jakarta. Community-based management is the most important strategy even when sophisticated treatment such as bio-energy or waste industrial park would be implemented soon, as every waste processing needs separated wastes. Increasing the participation through community-based management is more effective than change people's perception and behavior on domestic wastes. In some cases, to change community behavior in waste separation and recycling need more than ten years i.e. at Kampong Banjarsari, but with appropriate support system on social planning only took two years i.e. Kampong Rawajati. The implementation constraint of this programme is on replication or expandability of the programme to implemented in another place. There are also lack of government's significant efforts to push and to support that action. It's true that some communities develop the same model, but without acceleration and expandable programme, the significance of that effort is very poor. This study tried to ellaborate the model of a system based on spatial analyses to determine residential typology and found five residential types i.e. high,middle-high,middle,middle-lower and lower level of residential, quantitative analyses to determine typology of community participation and found four types of community participation i.e. moral-normative, moral-remunerative, calculative-remuneraive and calculative- coercive. Qualitative analyses had been ellaborated to determine authority or goverment policies typology especially on strengthening the government institution and limiting the scope of government function. Breaking down from these classification, three strategies could develop, namely community participation strategy, infastructure development strategy and institutional management strategy.Implementation of these models could accomodate the heterogeneity ofcommunities and give positive impact on social acceptability.

Context
Warrens are central to rabbit biology and available warren space can set a limit to the number of rabbits living in an area. Therefore, quantifying and analysing the distribution of rabbit warrens is a key step towards the management of the species in agricultural lands where it causes significant damage to crops.

Aims
The present study investigates the distribution and spatial pattern of wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) warrens in an intensively managed agricultural landscape within the rabbit's native range in semiarid southern Spain, where rabbits constitute an emerging pest problem.

Methods
All natural rabbit warrens within two sites were mapped, and information on their size, use and protection was recorded. The effects of environmental variables (e.g. habitat features and distances to key resources) in determining warren occurrence were evaluated using binomial generalised linear models (GLM).

Key results
The main variable explaining warren occurrence was the distance to the nearest neighbouring warren. Habitat variables and the distances to key resources played only a secondary role, and were mainly related to frequent ploughing linked to agricultural practices that prevent warren construction.

Conclusions
Habitat instability resulting from agricultural practices (i.e. frequent ploughing and intensive human disturbance) promotes warren construction on stable grounds only and partly explains the clumped spatial pattern found. However, warren occurrence in intensively managed agricultural areas seems to be more constrained by the proximity of neighbouring warrens that would facilitate rabbit recolonisation from patches nearby. Despite becoming increasingly scarce as a result of agricultural intensification, these unploughed remnants may act as safe islands for digging warrens.

Implications
The management of unploughed patches and the connectivity among them in semiarid agroecosystems of southern Spain is therefore of utmost importance to the management of rabbits as an agricultural pest.

10èmes rencontres sur la prospective des métiers : quel management demain ? ESSEC - La Défense (France), 16 mars ; International audience ; In recent years, a bundle of various developments converge on occupational health. These issues, whose extent has been highlighted by various surveys - or more dramatically by newspapers in the recent past - have become a matter of concern of government and organizations. Will organizations become more sensitive to these issues? Will management incorporate these? Are we going to a healthiest consciousness inside organizations and management? To clarify these questions, we propose an ordering of recent developments. We identifie four main themes which capture the broad logical underlying (social & media outreach; concerns of research and teaching; political & institutional moves; legal developments). These developments aim to reduce health problems and accidents resulting from the conditions of contemporary work. In doing so, they face a number of "obstacles". We review these problems as a first set of answers to our questions. As a second set, according to the fact that these issues are straddles debates dating back to the industrial revolution, we outline some historical studies of occupational health. We identify multiple historical recurrences likely to put into perspective the recent developments (political conflicts around occupational health; difficulty of objectification and discrepancy between actual extent and degree of recognition; gap between scientific knowledges and recommendations and attitudes of managers and employees). In conclusion, we drew some recommendations to bring to life the challenge of better integrating occupational health in organizations. Those recommendations are articulate around an opening of the issue of designing the organization of work and its developments. ; Ces dernières années, un faisceau d'évolutions diverses convergent sur la thématique de la santé au travail. Ces questions, dont l'ampleur a été soulignée par diverses ...

In this paper we discuss the EU policy on electricity markets integration by reviewing the experience of the Electricity Regional Initiatives. The regional approach to market integration delivered important results in areas such as coordination among national transmission system operators, implementation of market-based mechanisms for cross-border transmission capacity allocation and transparency. Furthermore, the inclusive governance process lead by ERGEG gave voice to all relevant stakeholders. However, there are indications that the regional model reached its limit when faced with the objective of coordinating day-ahead and real-time markets. The unanimity approach at the regional level made the intra-regional decision-making process extremely slow. Further, inter-regional integration issues have not been solved yet and attempts to tackle them by prioritising projects in some Regions weakened the pluralistic attributes of the regional model. The Third Legislative Energy Package has the potential to overcome some of these shortcomings by empowering pan-European institutions (ENTSO and ACER) and by involving Member States in the decision making process. Some weaknesses of the second-package, though, persist in the new framework. First, there are no provisions ensuring that ENTSO will have appropriate incentives to act in the interest of European consumers. Second, the Third Package perpetuates the separation between within-country congestion management – which remains a national issue – and cross-border congestion management – to be dealt with at the EU level. This two-tier approach is inconsistent with the highly meshed nature of the European network and is likely to result in inefficient market design. Further, the implementation of coordinated cross-border and national congestion management mechanisms requires considering geographically differentiated prices within countries, a politically unattractive result for most Member States.

Abstrak. Manajemen aset merupakan pendekatan yang awalnya diterapkan oleh sektor privat dan terbukti menghasilkan keuntungan yang signifikan, sehingga mulai diadopsi oleh pemerintah untuk mengelola aset-aset publik. Penerapan manajemen aset di sektor publik lebih banyak pada pengelolaan infrastruktur seperti jaringan jalan (roads), rel kereta api (railroads), drainase (drainage), gorong-gorong (culverts), jaringan listrik (electricity), dan mulai meluas ke aset real property seperti lahan (lands) dan bangunan (buildings). Salah satu aset penting perkotaan adalah taman. Taman sebagai salah satu bagian dari Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) memiliki peran dan manfaat yang besar bagi masyarakat perkotaan. Namun, kebanyakan manfaat taman sifatnya berorientasi jangka panjang dan tidak secara langsung memberikan keuntungan ekonomi yang besar seperti halnya mall, permukiman, pertokoan, dan fasilitas sosial lainnya. Akibatnya, seringkali keberadaan taman dikesampingkan. Beragam persoalan taman terkait kuantitas dan kualitas kerap dijumpai di kota-kota besar di Indonesia, salah satunya Kota Bandung. Untuk mengatasi persoalan-persoalan tersebut, pengelolaan taman dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan konsep manajemen aset. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan model pendekatan manajemen aset terhadap taman berbasiskan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dalam rangka mengoptimalkan fungsi taman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi deskriptif melalui teknik wawancara dengan pihak-pihak terkait pengelolaan taman dan observasi lapangan pada taman-taman yang ada di wilayah penelitian.Abstract. Asset management is an approach that initially was applied by private sector and had been proven to generate significant benefits to the corporate. Therefore, this concept was adopted by government to manage public assets. The implementation of asset management in public sectors tends to be applied for infrastructure management such as roads, railroads, drainage, culverts, electricity, and starting to expand for real property assets such as lands ...

In the current debate over the continued modernization of the public sector, governance has become a key concept. Governance can be defined, in short, as the ways in which government representatives manage in an administrative, legal, public or private sense. Public governance is also associated with a change in management policy. It is a tendency to rely increasingly on self- management in the social, economic and political development, and a new composition of the resulting forms of management. This new model adds to the negotiation, communication and cooperation among actors, policymakers and citizens. In this context, environmental issues have been used to characterize recent phenomena worldwide mostly in terms of economics and technology, particularly through the lenses and dominance of financial interests that influence the processes of global production, consumption, lifestyles and distribution of labor. Yet, in view of the changes taking place also on a global scale, climate change being the primary example, it becomes evident that the economicist view of global processes is clearly insufficient and, in more than one way, misleading. The new international order which is emerging seems to bring to the forefront of these processes Global Environmental Change (GEC).Thus, an approach to Earth System Governance must, on the one hand, revisit the traditional literature on Governance and assess the gaps in theory that became evident by recent challenges posed by GEC. On the other hand, ESG must be understood as being Human driven rather than Nature, yet, with greater interrelationships than in other areas of human activity which are also object of governance related concerns. Finally, the fact that the horizon of ESG is determined by future generations creates new questions as well. This presentation will attempt to offer some inroads on both fronts.

10èmes rencontres sur la prospective des métiers : quel management demain ? ESSEC - La Défense (France), 16 mars ; International audience ; In recent years, a bundle of various developments converge on occupational health. These issues, whose extent has been highlighted by various surveys - or more dramatically by newspapers in the recent past - have become a matter of concern of government and organizations. Will organizations become more sensitive to these issues? Will management incorporate these? Are we going to a healthiest consciousness inside organizations and management? To clarify these questions, we propose an ordering of recent developments. We identifie four main themes which capture the broad logical underlying (social & media outreach; concerns of research and teaching; political & institutional moves; legal developments). These developments aim to reduce health problems and accidents resulting from the conditions of contemporary work. In doing so, they face a number of "obstacles". We review these problems as a first set of answers to our questions. As a second set, according to the fact that these issues are straddles debates dating back to the industrial revolution, we outline some historical studies of occupational health. We identify multiple historical recurrences likely to put into perspective the recent developments (political conflicts around occupational health; difficulty of objectification and discrepancy between actual extent and degree of recognition; gap between scientific knowledges and recommendations and attitudes of managers and employees). In conclusion, we drew some recommendations to bring to life the challenge of better integrating occupational health in organizations. Those recommendations are articulate around an opening of the issue of designing the organization of work and its developments. ; Ces dernières années, un faisceau d'évolutions diverses convergent sur la thématique de la santé au travail. Ces questions, dont l'ampleur a été soulignée par diverses ...

Diseases pose a major direct or indirect threat to the conservation of endangered species, and can be a source of conflict among the stakeholders in conservation efforts. We aim to provide examples of disease-related conflicts in conservation, and information that can be used to identify means to reduce existing conflicts and avoid potential new ones. After introducing how diseases can affect conservation efforts, we have provided examples of different types of disease-related conflicts, including (1) those related to the movements of hosts, vectors and pathogens, (2) those linked to cats and dogs living in contact with wild carnivores, (3) those related to ungulate overabundance and (4) those related to carrion and hunting remains. We then discuss the management options available to mitigate these situations and resolve the conflicts surrounding them. Disease-related conflicts can affect conservation in several different ways. Whereas it is clear that diseases must be considered in any recovery plan for endangered species, as well as for sympatric and related abundant species such as relevant prey, it is also important to foresee and mitigate any eventual disease-related conflicts. Where conflicts have arisen, identifying the cultural carrying capacity for a disease or disease host species will help identify management strategies. It is important to quantify the risks for stakeholders and educate them about possible solutions. Multidisciplinary research teams that communicate their work to stakeholders should help resolve conflicts. Management options will not only depend on the status of the endangered host species and the epidemiology of the diseases considered, but also on the levels of existing conflict. Conservation strategies affected by diseases should explicitly include efforts to educate and inform all stakeholders as required throughout the process, and tackle any conflicts that arise.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how, taking customer relationships as the unit of analysis, the heterogeneity of customer relationship performance influences the heterogeneity of firm performance, and how firms can balance the heterogeneity of customers, customer relationships, and customer portfolios by differentiated business models.Design/methodology/approachThe approach to the topic is one of theoretical analysis and conceptual development.FindingsValue capture is defined as the discounted present value of all future economic profit from the relationship. Three sources of value capture heterogeneity are identified: the customer, the relationship with the customer, and the interdependence between customers in a customer base. Relationship performance can be improved by investing in business model differentiation, in order to facilitate controlled adaptation to specific customer relationships and/or customer portfolios. Firms have to manage parallel business models and a central capability is the ability to create internal fit between the elements of a specific business model.Research limitations/implicationsThe research presented relates to business‐to‐business customer relationships. Some of the conceptual thinking will not be applicable in consumer relationships.Practical implicationsA firm should have an optimum mix of customer relationships in its customer base, in relation to firm goals and strategy. Management needs to recognize the heterogeneity of customer relationship performance, and manage customer portfolios accordingly. In order to deal with the heterogeneity, it may be necessary to manage parallel business models. This will necessitate new capabilities, such as customer insight generation, account management, modularized production platforms, and relationship performance control.Originality/valueFor a scholarly audience the paper contributes to the discussion on how marketing improves firm performance by assuming responsibility for increasing firms' market value. For a practitioner audience it offers ideas for genuinely customer‐centric management.

This thesis deals with resettlement and local livelihoods in Nechsar National Park, in Southern Ethiopia. It asks three main questions: Why is resettlement of the Guji out of Nechsar National Park emphasized? What are the arguments? What is the relation between the park and its natural resources and the Guji livelihoods? What is the place and right of local communities in natural resource management in the national political context? To answer these questions, data was collected through fieldwork that involved the collection of both oral and written sources. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that the Guji in Nechsar area are dependent on the natural resources of the park for their livelihoods, as they get key resources like water and pasture for their cattle from there. Despite this, park development projects in Nechsar National Park have emphasized resettlement of the Guji out of the park. The move with which the park tried to implement the resettlement was more coercive than participatory and consensual, despite government decentralization policy's recognition of the importance of local communities' participation in natural resource management and the protection of their livelihoods, in case environmental projects impact them. Such emphasis on the resettlement of the Guji out of the park is embedded within conservation ideology, perception of mode of life of the Guji and local political contexts. In view of the fact that emphasizing on the financial and environmental aspects of protected area management to the neglect of its social dimension causes problems both to the resource users and the wildlife, the thesis recommends the pursuance of double sustainability, in which the protection of the environment and local livelihoods should be emphasized simultaneously, in line with Cernea and Schmidt-Soltau (2006).

Since the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) emerged into the light of day in June 1999, the EU's capabilities in this field have grown considerably. Twenty-three ESDP missions and operations deployed to places from the Balkans to Africa, the Middle East and even Asia testify to the member states' efforts to join together to engage in crisis management and to tackle challenges to European security. At first glance these engagements would appear to show that the EU has achieved the goals set by the December 2003 European Security Strategy. But a closer examination shows that in fact the EU still has a long way to go before becoming an effective and credible actor in international crisis management.This study systematically takes stock of the strengths and weaknesses of the policy instrument of ESDP missions and operations, assessing their relevance and effectiveness as an instrument of European crisis management and the contribution they make to honing the EU's capacity to act on security and defence matters. Twelve ESDP missions and operations form the empirical basis of this study. The case studies concentrate on three decisive aspects of ESDP deployments: - How did the decision on a deployment originate and what does its mandate look like? - How has the mandate been implemented? - How effective was the mission or operation for short- and long-term crisis management? As it tuns out, to date, no strategic planning of deployments takes place. Also, individual missions and operations have attained very different degrees of success, both in terms of mandate implementation and with respect to their contribution to stabilisation in the area of operations. Moreover, no particular type of mission can be identified where the EU is especially successful

La gestión del agua ha tenido especial protagonismo en las recientes reformas de los Estatutos de Autonomía, al haber asumido las Comunidades Autónomas competencias exclusivas, incluso respecto de cuencas hidrográficas suprarregionales, fragmentando su gestión según sus confines político-administrativos. Las recientes sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional sobre los casos del Guadalquivir y Duero han declarado inconstitucionales y nulos sendos artículos de los Estatutos de Andalucía y Castilla y León por ser contrarios al art. 149.1.22 CE, dado que fragmentan la gestión de dichas cuencas hidrográficas (inconstitucionalidad material) y por la inadecuación del Estatuto para concretar el criterio territorial de delimitación de las competencias reservadas al Estado (inconstitucionalidad formal). La doctrina establecida sobre la administración unitaria de estas cuencas es pese a ciertos equívocos argumentales y la ambigüedad de otras sentencias de extraordinaria importancia, pues establece límites que el legislador estatal de aguas no puede ignorar, de manera que quede asegurada la administración unitaria de un recurso natural de tanta trascendencia como es el agua. ; Water management has been instrumental in the recent of the Statutes of Autonomy reforms. Autonomous Communities have assumed exclusive jurisdiction, even for supra-regional river basin, fragmenting its management according to their political and administrative boundaries. Constitutional Court recent judgments rulings on Guadalquivir and Duero cases have been declared unconstitutional and void two articles of Andalucía and Castilla y León Statutes. They were declared against art. 149.1.22 CE, since they fragment the management of these river basins (material unconstitutionality) and because of Statute inadequacy to specify the territorial basis of delimitation of the jurisdiction reserved to the State (formal unconstitutionality). Doctrine established on the unitary administration of these river basins is, despite some erroneous arguments and other ...

In urban planning projects management, differences between what results from politics and what from techniques are more indeterminate than it appears at first glance. Technical experts and bureaucrats, from the numerous institutions involved in local policies, are not just obeying orders of elected representatives. Like the latter, they can find breathing spaces in decision-making process. Limits between technical experts' and elected representatives' agency may evolve. Above all, interactions between technical experts and elected representatives, turn out to be decisive in the way the management of this specific form of public action, the project, get organized and beyond, in urban governance working. Based on the study of relationships between techniques and politics, this research is setting up a frame of reference to analyze urban planning project management, through comparison of several French urban planning projects, notably Paris Nord-Est, the Zone de l'Union in Roubaix-Tourcoing-Wattrelos, and Cœur de Ville in Chartres. ; Dans le pilotage des projets d'aménagement urbain, les catégories de technique et de politique sont beaucoup plus indéterminées qu'il n'y paraît au premier abord. Les techniciens des nombreuses institutions politico-administratives qui y participent – fonctionnaires territoriaux, cadres des sociétés d'économie mixte, etc. – ne sont pas de simples exécutants au service des élus. Au même titre que ces derniers, ils ont des marges de manœuvre dans les décisions. Les frontières entre ce qui relève de l'action des techniciens et ce qui relève de l'action des élus peuvent évoluer. Surtout, les relations entre élus et techniciens s'avèrent déterminantes, non seulement dans la manière dont s'organise le pilotage de cette forme particulière d'action publique locale qu'est le projet, mais également dans le fonctionnement des gouvernements urbains. Cette recherche construit, à partir de l'étude des relations entre technique et politique, une grille d'analyse des dispositifs de pilotage des ...

Context. Many green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) populations are declining worldwide owing to their susceptibility to human impacts in the marine environment. Identifying the habitats used throughout different lifecycle stages is therefore important for managing the interactions between turtles and humans.
Aims. To identify the habitat utilisation of a C. mydas nesting population in Peninsular Malaysia during breeding, inter-nesting, migration and foraging lifecycle stages.
Methods. Satellite telemetry was used to track the movement of three C. mydas nesting females and one adult male from the Ma'Daerah rookery (Peninsular Malaysia).
Key results.The male and female turtles remained within 30 km of the nesting beach during the breeding and inter-nesting periods, which includes habitat beyond the 'no trawl zone' designed to protect turtles in this area. Following the breeding season, the tracked turtles migrated up to 1955 km to four different foraging grounds in Vietnam, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo Malaysia. During foraging, turtles occupied areas threatened by human activities such as fishing and pollution.
Conclusions. The habitats used by the Ma'Daerah C. mydas population during breeding are outside current local protection zones and extend into unprotected international waters during migration and foraging.
Implications. Identification of habitats used by C. mydas populations is a critical element of management and conservation of this endangered, migratory species. Our study highlights the need to increase offshore protection around Ma'Daerah during the nesting season. Furthermore, this study has identified the countries within South-east Asia that Malaysia must cooperate with to ensure effective management of this C. mydas population. This information is particularly relevant to sea turtle conservation and management in regions like South-east Asia, where many coastal countries occupy a small geographical area.

PurposeThis article aims to explore and define the implications of the predominant divide in law firms between fee earners, i.e. lawyers contributing to law firm revenue, and support staff, i.e. employees in back office functions not directly contributing to revenue. To identify steps to improve retention rates among support staff.Design/methodology/approachA survey was delivered to support staff across four law firms among the top ten UK law firms, out of which 154 valid responses were collected. For the analysis, responses were clustered to identify emerging themes. Additional interviews were also conducted with the aim to clarify emerging themes and deepen understanding of the issues raised.Findings"You are either a fee earner or a fee burner" sums up the prevailing attitude support staff experiences in law firms. Throughout the responses – regardless of topic – the divide kept resurfacing again and again. In order to retain and motivate talented support staff, law firms will need to revisit their management of support staff and rethink the management of attitude towards them.Research limitationsLaw firms are just one professional services sector under increasing competitive pressure, other professional service firms with similar structures, such as consulting or accounting firms have not been included in this research.Practical implicationsWhile support staff ensures the delivery of business critical services in law firms, they are often seen as a disposable cost rather than a business relevant part of the organisation, which leads to frustration and low working morale. Several measures are suggested in this paper to address the management of support staff.Originality/valueThis paper addresses an important gap in our knowledge of law firms and legal profession more generally: The work and working conditions of non‐fee earning staff.