Suchergebnisse

The role of the United States in the security of Japan is an issue that has received relatively little official attention, despite significant developments in Northeast Asia over the past decade. These developments, clearly more than isolated or temporary phenomena, are relevant to the U.S.·Japan security alliance in at least three respects. First, the U.S. commitment to Japan has, in Japan's perception, lost much of its credibility. Second, Improved relations between Japan and the People's Republic of China {PRC) raise the prospect of a shift in the strategic balance of power in Asia. And third, the Soviet Union has significantly increased its use of military forces to exert political pressure on Japan. Each development requires careful examination in terms of its implications for both United States and Japanese interests.

During the First World War Duke Tommaso Gallarati Scotti, a fine intellectual and writer from the highest nobility and a future ambassador, was a junior officer in the secretariat of Luigi Cadorna, the Supreme Commander of the Italian Army. They established a close and friendly relationship which lasted until the General's death, based on common religious and political ideas, the Duke's admiration for Cadorna and his very valuable support. After the defeat of Caporetto, which caused the General's dismissal and inaugurated a period in which he was attacked for his conduct of the war, Gallarati Scotti remained loyal to Cadorna and collaborated in many ways to his rehabilitation. Based also on the Duke's unpublished papers, the article sheds new light on Cadorna's personality and his relations with prominent military and political personalities

В статті представлені погляди щодо розвитку оперативного мистецтва, форм та способів застосування Повітряних Сил з урахуванням сучасних тенденцій ведення збройної боротьби. Розкриті особливості трансформації збройної боротьби і, як наслідок, зміни в оперативному мистецтві виду Збройних Сил. ; В статье представлены взгляды относительно развития оперативного искусства, форм и способов применения Воздушных Сил с учетом современных тенденций ведения вооруженной борьбы. Раскрыты особенности трансформации вооруженной борьбы и, как следствие, изменения в оперативном искусстве вида Вооруженных Сил. ; In the article looks are presented in relation to development of operative art, forms and methods of application of Aircrafts taking into account the modern tendencies of conduct of the armed fight. The features of transformation of the armed fight are exposed and, as a result, change in the operative art of type of Military Powers.

The process of globalization is presented now in the light of concentration and centralization of the economic power as a precondition of creation of planetary political and social infrastructure. Globalization was always connected with the struggle for resources, for territories. In the course of historical development of globalization processes the prospects of civilization movement were determined both by the power claims and military component. Under these conditions the etatist myth which adopts the idea of the national state also feeds the idea of globalization. The substitutive religiousness of any prophetic empiricism and determinism is an important condition of efficiency of various forms of modern globalization ideology. The relation between the real content of the idea of sovereignty and the universal values is one of the greatest risks in globalization process. ; ***

Участие Бразилии во Второй мировой войне привело ко многим значительным изменениям. Отношения с США сыграли свою роль в решении Бразилии отправить войска на фронт, однако еще целый ряд внешних и внутренних факторов определял позицию Бразилии в войне и направление ее взаимодействия с США. Ключевые слова: Бразильский экспедиционный корпус, Вторая мировая война, военное сотрудничество, международные соглашения, Ж. Варгас. The participation of Brazil in World War II led to many significant changes. Relations with the US played a role in making the decision by Brazil to send its troops to the front but a whole range of internal and external factors determined Brazil's position in the war and the direction of its interaction with the US. Keywords: Brazilian Expeditionary Force, World War II, military cooperation, international agreements, J. Vargas.

In the theoretical literature on the authority of international secretariats, academics often dichotomize between states and secretariats. Even when they account for the fact that states are often divided, they normally adopt a two-step approach: states first resolve their own differences before they entertain relations with secretariats. This article provides an alternative perspective. It argues that individual or groups of states may collude with like-minded secretariats to achieve outcomes at the expense of other states. Working informally together is beneficial. States can benefit from the rational-legal, delegated, moral, and expert authority of secretariats. States and secretariats can also exchange resources. The article illustrates this perspective through two case studies: the NATO intervention in Libya in 2011 and the European Union's military operation in Chad in 2008.

The objective of this paper is to move ethical discourse on military strategy beyond the confines of the established War Convention. This is achieved by utilizing the Common Good, a concept found in political philosophy and theology. The common good acts as a positive organizing concept for socio-political activity. With its focus on peace, development and the flourishing of the individual and community, the common good poses a significant challenge to strategy. This paper constructs an approach to strategy that is compatible with the common good. Importantly, it does so whilst respecting the pursuit of victory as an indispensable component of strategy's true nature. The theory presented in this paper is then tested in relation to four different modes of strategy: regular war; irregular war; deterrence; and cyberwar.

Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Xinjiang Shengchan Jianshe Bingtuan-shortened form Bingtuan) is a distinctive military agricultural settlement and production institution in China's western region, Xinjiang. It is also a modern form of China's traditional ethnic frontier governing mechanism. This article discusses Bingtuan's historical precedents, modern development and innovative change for Xinjiang governance. In an examination of Bingtuan's main functions for China's ethnic frontier governance, this article argues that in addition to economic sustainability and territorial security, Bingtuan played an important but multifaceted role in ethnic relations in Xinjiang, such as territorial fragmentation, ethnic separation and redefinition of regional identity; therefore Bingtuan not only makes its administrated area China's 'frontier of settlement' but also acts as a key state agency for whatever future Xinjiang might have. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

в данной статье рассматриваются понятия «безопасность» ; «национальной безопасность» ; виды национальной безопасности ; последние изменения в доктрине Национальной безопасности Российской Федерации. Как отмечает автор работы ; доверие и партнерские отношения между отдельными государствами сменились санкциями и недопониманием ; имеются экономический ; миграционный ; экологический ; социальный и иные кризисы ; учащение военных столкновений и ряд других проблем ; которые непосредственно затрагивают национальную безопасность любой страны ; в том числе и Российскую Федерацию. ; this article describes such notions as "security" ; "national security" ; types of national security ; recent changes in the National security of Russian Federation doctrine. According to the author trust and partnership relations between governments changed to the sanctions and misunderstanding ; there are also economical ; migration ; ecological ; social and other types of crises ; military collisions and other problems ; which effect national security of any country ; including Russian Federation.

в данной статье рассматриваются понятия «безопасность», «национальной безопасность», виды национальной безопасности, последние изменения в доктрине Национальной безопасности Российской Федерации. Как отмечает автор работы, доверие и партнерские отношения между отдельными государствами сменились санкциями и недопониманием, имеются экономический, миграционный, экологический, социальный и иные кризисы, учащение военных столкновений и ряд других проблем, которые непосредственно затрагивают национальную безопасность любой страны, в том числе и Российскую Федерацию.this article describes such notions as "security", "national security", types of national security, recent changes in the National security of Russian Federation doctrine. According to the author trust and partnership relations between governments changed to the sanctions and misunderstanding, there are also economical, migration, ecological, social and other types of crises, military collisions and other problems, which effect national security of any country, including Russian Federation.

The purpose of this article is to explain the necessity of resolving the conflict with Iran through diplomatic means and avoiding military confrontation, as much as possible and start cooperation with the state as other important regional issues concerns, which in turn is the most effective track for resolving the conflict. Moreover the article aims to serve as an example of resolving the future potential conflicts by diplomatic means as proposed in "Resolved Iranian Dispute". The main goal of this article is conceptual exploration and identification of concepts theoretically applicable in the field of international relations, as mean of building peaceful resolution on international disputes. Furthermore the enforcement of theoretical concepts to a specific and generally complex cases such as the Iranian nuclear program.

This article examines the evolution of foreign relations with Myanmar. Due to increased trade with Myanmar and a rise in its strategic importance for countries such as China and India, attempts to enforce change through isolation have become increasingly futile. Despite this situation, the military regime has recently embarked on a series of political reforms that have the potential to improve the quality of governance and level of political freedom within the country. While some key leaders in the West are now acknowledging a degree of political progress inside Myanmar, the country continues to face Western sanctions and remains largely isolated from humanitarian aid. However, this article argues that the only choice is for the West to strengthen the present level of engagement and aid.

This article examines the evolution of foreign relations with Myanmar. Due to increased trade with Myanmar and a rise in its strategic importance for countries such as China and India, attempts to enforce change through isolation have become increasingly futile. Despite this situation, the military regime has recently embarked on a series of political reforms that have the potential to improve the quality of governance and level of political freedom within the country. While some key leaders in the West are now acknowledging a degree of political progress inside Myanmar, the country continues to face Western sanctions and remains largely isolated from humanitarian aid. However, this article argues that the only choice is for the West to strengthen the present level of engagement and aid.

When radars operate in coastal or offshore environments, an undesired signal known as clutter appears as background in the measurements. The CA-CFAR detector is the classic solution for the detection of targets inside clutter, typically using a fixed value for its adjustment factor the entire period of operation. Using MATLAB, the author simulates the CA-CFAR response under amplitude samples from the classical sea clutter Weibull distribution. As a result, a relation between operating conditions (Weibull shape parameter) and the most efficient adjustment factor is obtained for various false alarm probabilities. Thus, the implementation of a new detector that achieves the adaptation to changing environments through the use of a variable adjustment factor is suggested. Note that sea environment is present in most radar scenarios both in military and meteorological applications.

AbstractWhen it comes to buying military aircraft, what leads states to prefer one supplier over the other? This paper explores this question from the perspective of international relations theory. First we use social network analysis to map out fighter jet transfers during and after the Cold War and examine the extent to which historical structures of international hierarchy shape contemporary supplier-receiver relationships. Next, we use a basic probit model to analyse the origins of fighter jets in the world's air forces today to evaluate the effect of interstate orders of super-ordination and sub-ordination on sourcing patterns. All things being equal, the more a state is embedded in US security and economic hierarchy, the more it is likely to buy American-made fighter jets.