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national audience The risks associated with manufactured nano-objects are the subject of numerous questions in the administrative spheres. Nano-objects may be defined as atomic assemblies of which at least one of the dimensions is in the order of the nanometer and which derive their specific property from their size. These substances are now used in many industrial processes and products (2): carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, titanium dioxide, silver and gold nanoparticles are the main substances concerned. In addition to the risks related to the safety of workers, due to the presence of nano-objects in many everyday consumer products, the potential risks for consumers, and the still uncertain impacts on natural environments. ; National audience Les risques liés aux nano-objets manufacturés font l'objet de nombreux questionnements dans les sphères administratives. On peut définir les nano-objets comme des assemblages atomiques dont au moins une des dimensions est de l'ordre du nanomètre et qui tirent leur propriété spécifique de leur taille. Ces substances sont aujourd'hui utilisées dans de nombreux procédés et produits industriels (2) : les nanotubes de carbone, les fullerènes, le dioxyde de titane, les nanoparticules d'argent et d'or sont les principales substances concernées. Aux risques liés à la sécurité des travailleurs, s'ajoutent, du fait de la présence de nano-objets dans de nombreux produits de consommation courante, des risques potentiels pour les consommateurs, et des impacts encore incertains pour les milieux naturels.

The definition of an emissions tax, according to the tradition of Pigouvian, is even more difficult in agriculture than in other sectors because of the diffuse nature of pollution in this sector. This is not at odds with the polluter pays principle, but there are simply different arrangements leading to the best possible second-tier optimisation. The first part of this report gives a general view of the question rather from a theoretical point of view. The second part proposes a more specific analysis of the French situation, based in particular on the design and implementation of the Programme for the Management of Pollutions of Agricultural Origin (PMPOA). This makes it possible, from a coasian perspective, to see the foundations of agricultural environmental policy and to discuss the de facto distribution of property rights. ; La définition d'une taxe sur les émissions, selon la tradition pigouvienne, se heurte à plus de difficultés encore dans l'agriculture que dans les autres secteurs en raison du caractère diffus des pollutions de ce secteur. Ceci n'est pas contradictoire, néanmoins avec le principe pollueur-payeur, on a simplement des modalités différentes conduisant au mieux à des optima de second rang. La première partie de ce rapport donne une vue générale de la question plutôt sous l'angle théorique. La seconde partie propose une analyse plus concrète de la situation française en se fondant plus particulièrement sur la conception et la mise en oeuvre du Programme de Maîtrise des Pollutions d'Origine Agricole (PMPOA). Cela permet dans une perspective coasienne de voir les fondements de la politique environnementale agricole et de discuter de la répartition de fait des droits de propriété.

Ont participated in this discussion: L. Favoreu, E. Spiliotopoulos, L. Philip, J. Rivero, P. Bon, F. Delpée, J.-C. Escarras, G. de belsky, J.-L. Mestre, M. Fromont, L. Luciani, P. Kayser, B. Caravita ; Ont participé à cette discussion : L. Favoreu, E. Spiliotopoulos, L. Philip, J. Rivero, P. Bon, F. Delpérée, J.-C. Escarras, G. Zagrebelsky, J.-L. Mestre, M. Fromont, L. Luciani, P. Kayser, B. Caravita

After the first phase of privatization - transformation of ownership - the ownership structure in catering and tourism has been established with the dominant share of the State funds (The CPF and The PF) and of small shareholders. The present ownership structure cannot survive as incompatible to market economy. The lack of the development strategy and privatization strategy are unfavourable for the optimalisation of the ownership structure. However, it is possible to consider some process changes in respect to the subjects of privatization. The CFP will gradually disappear and the number and share amount of small shareholders will decrease considerably. New forms of private capital will appear - holding companies, family and individual capitals of different size and organization. From the aspect of needed strategy, it is necessary to accept the dynamics, aims of privatization and the increase of foreign capital. Catering and tourism need to be adapted for further privatization (recovery and reconstruction). In respect to the optimal ownership structure and possible strategic interests (investment possibilities, Diaspora, small shareholders) market rules and the main role of the State in further process of privatization must be considered. ; Za hrvatsko gospodarstvo i društvo djelatnost ugostiteljstva i turizma ima značenje koji glede privatizacije poprima strategijsku važnost. Prvu fazu privatizacije - pretvorbu vlasništva - karakterizira veliki broj, velika vrijednost i velika disperzija vrijednosti poduzeća, lociranost poduzeća i političko-ratni utjecaj te izostanak priljeva kapitala. U formalnoj vlasničkoj strukturi pretežiti portfelj pripada malim dioničarima te Hrvatskom fondu za privatizaciju i Mirovinskom fondu, a značajan je i udio banaka, državnih poduzeća i osiguravateljskih društava. U stvarnoj vlasničkoj strukturi, međutim, HPP i MF kao institucionalni oblici države dominiraju s udjelom i do 90%. Za daljnje vlasničko strukturiranje ugostiteljstva i turizma nepovoljno je to to nema strategije razvoja. Neki su ciljevi prepoznatljivi kao što su razvoj tržišnog gospodarstva, ubrzanje gospodarskog rasta, udvostručenje brutto društvenog proizvoda do 2000. godine. Strategije, međutim, kao holističkog, i sinergičkog sustava stanja, mjera, ciljeva i metoda još nema. Postojeća vlasnička struktura ne može se održati. Ona je primjerena tržišnim gospodarstvima i izravna smetnja uspostavljanju logičkog kruga tržišnog gospodarstva i tržišne institucionalizacije: privatno vlasništvo - kapital - poduzetništvo. Stoga je različita perspektiva subjekata postojeće vlasnčeke strukture. Mali dioničari, kao specifična kategorija malih vlasnika, ali ne investitora, očekivano će tendirati ozbiljnom ukupnom smanjenju udjela u ugostiteljstvu i turizmu. Banke i državna poduzeća ponajprije moraju i sami promijeniti vlasničku strukturu. Sadašnje nastojanje da se ulozi zbog likvidnosti prodaju očekivano će se transformirati u politiku interesnog pribavljanja portfelja. Mirovinski fond će zbog elemenata svoje funkcije dugoročno zadržati svoj udjel u ugostiteljstvu i turizmu. Naime, MF tendira da preraste u instituciju autonomnog financiranja na temelju vlasništva vrijednosnih papira. Zato će MF zadržati portfelj u turizmu kao perspektivno profitabilnoj grani (nadprosječno). Hrvatski fond za privatizaciju prodat će u narednom razdoblju pretežiti dio svog portfelja. To je i njegov osnovni zadatak u okviru moguće strategije razvoja i privatizacije. Iz strategijskih razloga HFP može i zadržati svoj portfelj, dijelom ili u cjelini, u poduzećima posebitog značenja. U procesu privatizacije afirmirati će se i novi subjekti vlasništva u ugostiteljstvu i turizmu: privatne grupe poduzeća u jedinstvenoj organizaciji holding tipa, institucionalni investitori (potencijalno), obiteljski kapital i pojedinačni kapitali različite veličine i organizacije. Od posebnog značenja su potencijalni subjekti vlasništva iz inozemstva. Njihovo značenje proizlazi iz činjenice da domaće akumulacije nema i jer subjekti iz inozemstva podrazumijevaju i hrvatsku dijasporu. Glede moguće strategije razvoja gospodarstva i djelatnosti ugostiteljstva i turizma nužno je prezentirati proces kao optimalizaciju vlasničke strukture. Taj proces mora uzeti u obzir relevantne ciljeve privatizacije (tržišno gospodarstvo - tržišno društvo), primjerenu dinamiku, ravnopravnost kapitala, značenje priljeva inozemnog kapitala (posebito od dijaspore) te ulogu države kao presudnog činitelja strategije.

We consider marriage problems where myopic and farsighted players in- teract. To study such problems, we use the pairwise myopic-farsighted stable set. Blocking occurs by coalitions of size one or two. We require that all blocking players should strictly improve. We pay particular attention to the question whether core elements survive in this environment. This is the case when all players are myopic as well as when all players are farsighted. It also holds for matching problems satisfying the top-coalition property. For general matching problems where all women are farsighted, there is only one core element that can belong to the pairwise myopic-farsighted stable set, the woman-optimal stable matching, so all other stable outcomes are excluded for sure. If the woman-optimal stable matching is dominated from the woman point of view by an individually rational matching, then the pairwise myopic- farsighted stable set cannot contain a core element. We show that blocking by coalitions of arbitrary size leads to identical results.

Summary The discussion on the fundamentals that legitimise intellectual property often focuses on two main approaches: iusnaturalists and utilitarists. The former argue that it is possible to justify ownership of intellectual creation by relying on John Locke's liberal property theory. The latter converge around the so-called "progress clause" and the incentive argument. This work analyses whether or not intellectual property can be justified on the basis of such approaches, concluding that, given the paradoxes identified, these are insufficient. ; Resumen La discusión sobre los fundamentos que legitiman la propiedad intelectual se suele centrar alrededor de dos grandes planteamientos: iusnaturalistas y utilitaristas. Los primeros sostienen que es posible justificar la propiedad sobre la creación intelectual recurriendo a la teoría liberal de la propiedad formulada por John Locke. Los segundos convergen en torno a la llamada "cláusula del progreso" y el argumento de los incentivos. En este trabajo se analiza si es posible o no justificar la propiedad intelectual sobre la base de dichos planteamientos, concluyendo que, dadas las paradojas identificadas, éstos resultan insuficientes.

Owing to its particular features, the market of luxury goods is a point of interest to lawyers as much as to other professions such as economists or sociologists. These features play an important role in legal regulation of the market. While the starting point is competition law, the assessment of anticompetitive conduct under Article 101 of the TFEU cannot be complete without resorting to intellectual property law policies and rules. With the rise of the importance of internet sales, novel issues have been put before the competition authorities and reviewing courts, such as legality of various types of online restrictions in the selective distribution systems. Employing a combined IP law and competition law approach to these issues, this paper offers insights and comments on EU case law, with primary focus on the recent CJEU judgment in Coty. The intricacies of the interplay among different competition law rules and exemptions is particularly evidenced in this case. However, limited by its fact-pattern, the Coty judgment may serve as a clarification about the deluxe competition law treatment only of certain online sale prohibitions within the SDSs, while there will certainly be continuing discussions and national case law developments on other internet related competition law restrictions awaiting further elucidations by the CJEU. ; Zbog svojih posebnih odlika, tržište luksuznih proizvoda područje je zanimanja pravnika kao i drugih stručnjaka poput ekonomista ili sociologa. Te odlike imaju ključnu ulogu u pravnom uređenju toga tržišta. Polazeći od prava tržišnog natjecanja, valja imati na umu da je analiza u okviru članka 101. UFEU-a nepotpuna nedostaje li osvrt na politike i pravila prava intelektualnog vlasništva. S porastom važnosti internetske prodaje, nova pitanja postavljaju se pred tijela nadležna za tržišno natjecanje, poput zakonitosti raznih vrsta online ograničenja u okviru sustava selektivne distribucije. Oslanjajući se na pristup koji kombinira pravo intelektualnog vlasništva i pravo tržišnog natjecanja, ovaj rad nudi uvid i komentar prakse EU-a s prvenstvenim fokusom na noviju presudu Suda EU-a u predmetu Coty. Kompleksnost interakcije među različitim pravilima i izuzetcima u pravu tržišnog natjecanja posebno je očigledna u tom predmetu. S obzirom na ograničenost presude na konkretne okolnosti, presuda u predmetu Coty može poslužiti kao razjašnjenje situacije u odnosu na de luxe inačicu prava tržišnog natjecanja samo za određene zabrane online prodaje unutar sustava selektivne distribucije, dok će se rasprava i razvoj nacionalne prakse nastaviti u očekivanju novih pojašnjenja sa Suda EU-a. ; Der Markt für Luxusgüter ist aufgrund seiner Besonderheiten interessant sowohl für die Juristen als auch für andere Berufe, wie Wirtschaftler und Soziologen. Die Charakteristiken der Luxusgüter spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der rechtlichen Regulierung des Marktes. Obwohl man dabei immer vom Wettbewerbsrecht ausgeht, die Bewertung des unter Art.101 AEUV fallenden wettbewerbswidrigen Verhaltens kann nicht vorgenommen werden, ohne auf die Grundsätze und Regeln des Rechts des geistigen Eigentums zurückzugreifen. Mit dem Anstieg des Umsatzes im Online-Handel wurden Wettbewerbsbehörden und Berufungsgerichte mit neuen Fragestellungen konfrontiert, beispielsweise mit der Legalität verschiedener Restriktionen im Internet bezüglich des selektiven Vertriebssystems. Durch den kombinierten Ansatz, der das Recht des geistigen Eigentums und das Wettbewerbsrecht einbezieht, bietet dieser Beitrag eine Einsicht in und einen Kommentar der EU-Rechtsprechung, wobei man auf die Coty-Entscheidung des EuGH besonderen Wert legt. Die Probleme des Zusammenspiels von Regeln und Ausnahmen des Wettbewerbsrechts kommen im Fall Coty besonders in den Vordergrund. Wegen des beschränkten Sachverhalts kann das Coty-Urteil zur Erklärung der Deluxe Wettbewerbsrechtbehandlung nur bei manchen Online-Verkaufsverboten im Rahmen des selektiven Vertriebssystems dienen. Es wird sicherlich weitere Diskussionen und nationale Rechtsprechungen bezüglich anderer wettbewerbsrechtbezogenen Restriktionen im Internet geben, die der EuGH erläutern wird. ; In ragione delle sue forme particolari, il mercato dei prodotti di lusso è un campo di interesse per i giuristi come per altri esperti, quali gli economisti ed i sociologi. Tali specificità giocano un ruolo centrale nella disciplina di tale mercato. Partendo dal diritto della concorrenza, occorre tenere in conto che l'analisi nell'ambito dell'art. 101 del TFUE è parziale, se manca una riflessione sulle politiche e le regole del diritto della proprietà intellettuale. Con il crescere dell'importanza della vendita in rete nuove questioni si presentano dinanzi agli organi competenti per la concorrenza, come quella della legalità di alcuni tipi di limitazioni online nell'ambito del sistema della distribuzione selettiva. Appoggiandosi all'approccio che combina il diritto della proprietà intellettuale ed il diritto della concorrenza, il presente lavoro offre accesso e commento della prassi dell'UE con primaria attenzione per la recente decisione della Corte di Giustizia dell'UE nel caso Coty. La complessità dell'interazione tra le diverse regole ed eccezioni nel diritto della concorrenza è particolarmente evidente in questo caso. In ragione della limitazione della decisione alle circostanze concrete, la sentenza nel caso Coty può servire a chiarire la situazione rispetto alla versione de luxe del diritto della concorrenza soltanto con riguardo a certi divieti di vendita online all'interno del sistema di distribuzione selettiva; mentre, il dibattito e lo sviluppo della prassi nazionale continueranno rispetto alle altre limitazioni relative agli acquisti in rete, rimanendo in attesa di nuovi chiarimenti della Corte dell'UE.

11 28 6 1 ; SWORD ; [EN] We present a literature review about organizational resilience, with the goal of identifying how organizational resilience is conceptualized and assessed. The two research questions that drive the review are: (1) how is organizational resilience conceptualized? and (2) how is organizational resilience assessed? We answer the first question by analysing organizational resilience definitions and the attributes or characteristics that contribute to develop resilient organizations. We answer the second question by reviewing articles that focus on tools or methods to measure organizational resilience. Although there are three different ways to define organizational resilience, we found common ideas in the definitions. We also found that organizational resilience is considered a property, ability or capability that can be improved over time. However, we did not find consensus about the elements that contribute to improving the level of organizational resilience and how to assess it. Based on the results of the review, we propose a conceptualization of organizational resilience that integrates the three views found in the literature. We also propose a four-level Maturity Model for Organizational Resilience – MMOR. Using this model, the organization can be in one of the following levels based on its ability and capacity to handle disruptive events: fragile, robust, resilient or antifragile. This research is partially supported by University of Valladolid, Banco Santander and NSERC Ruiz-Martin, C.; López-Paredes, A.; Wainer, G. (2018). What we know and do not know about organizational resilience. International Journal of Production Management and Engineering. 6(1):11-28. doi:10.4995/ijpme.2018.7898

Book Review: Protection amid Chaos: The Creation of Property Rights in Palestinian Refugee Camps Nadya Hajj New York: Columbia University Press, 2016, pp. 214

34002p1 34002p5 111 3 ; S ; The design and use of small apertures perforated in opaque plates to control the transmission of ultrasonic waves has been widely studied in recent years. The ultrasonic transmission response of brass plates perforated with Archimedean patterns of subwavelength hole arrays immersed in water is reported, both numerically and experimentally, in this work. It is shown that an increase in the geometrical isotropy of the elementary cells of the Archimedean patterns gives rise to a suppression of both minimum and maximum transmission corresponding to the destructive and constructive interferences, leading to uniformity within the angle-dependent transmitted sound power coefficient. The experimental results are in close agreement with the calculated ones. This property can be used to design ultrasonic devices such as filters and sensors. This work has been supported by the Spanish MICINN (MAT2010-16879) and Generalitat Valenciana (PROM-ETEOII/2014/026). Gómez Lozano, V.; Rubio Michavila, C.; Candelas Valiente, P.; Belmar Ibáñez, F.; Uris Martínez, A. (2015). Geometrical isotropy in perforated plates with subwavelength holes decorated with Archimedean patterns. EPL. 111(3):34002p1-34002p5. https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/111/34002

215 218 26 2 ; S ; We study mixing properties (topological mixing and weak mixing of arbitrary order) for nonautonomous linear dynamical systems that are induced by the corresponding dynamics on certain invariant sets. The kinds of nonautonomous systems considered here can be defined using a sequence of linear operators on a topological vector space X such that there is an invariant set Y for which the dynamics restricted to Y satisfies a certain mixing property. We then obtain the corresponding mixing property on the closed linear span of Y. We also prove that the class of nonautonomous linear dynamical systems that are weakly mixing of order nn contains strictly the corresponding class with the weak mixing property of order n+1. This work was supported in part by MEC and FEDER, Project MTM2010-14909, and by GV, Project PROMETEO/2008/101. The first author was also supported by a grant from the FPU Program of MEC. We thank the referees whose reports led to an improvement in the presentation of this work. Murillo Arcila, M.; Peris Manguillot, A. (2013). Mixing properties for nonautonomous linear dynamics and invariant sets. Applied Mathematics Letters. 26(2):215-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2012.08.014

1 9 13 116 ; S Lansford CDGR, Bier H: Head and neck cancers. 1999, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press ; Abstract: Background: Cytogenetic and gene expression analyses in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have allowed identification of genomic aberrations that may contribute to cancer pathophysiology. Nevertheless, the molecular consequences of numerous genetic alterations still remain unclear. Methods: To identify novel genes implicated in HNSCC pathogenesis, we analyzed the genomic alterations present in five HNSCC-derived cell lines by array CGH, and compared high level focal gene amplifications with gene expression levels to identify genes whose expression is directly impacted by these genetic events. Next, we knocked down TRPC6, one of the most highly amplified and over-expressed genes, to characterize the biological roles of TRPC6 in carcinogenesis. Finally, real time PCR was performed to determine TRPC6 gene dosage and mRNA levels in normal mucosa and human HNSCC tissues. Results: The data showed that the HNSCC-derived cell lines carry most of the recurrent genomic abnormalities previously described in primary tumors. High-level genomic amplifications were found at four chromosomal sites (11q21-q22.2, 18p11.31-p11.21, 19p13.2-p13.13, and 21q11) with associated gene expression changes in selective candidate genes suggesting that they may play an important role in the malignant behavior of HNSCC. One of the most dramatic alterations of gene transcription involved the TRPC6 gene (located at 11q21-q22.2) which has been recently implicated in tumour invasiveness. siRNA-induced knockdown of TRPC6 expression in HNSCC-derived cells dramatically inhibited HNSCC-cell invasion but did not significantly alter cell proliferation. Importantly, amplification and concomitant overexpression of TRPC6 was also found in HNSCC tumour samples. Conclusions: Altogether, these data show that TRPC6 is likely to be a target for 11q21-22.2 amplification that confers enhanced invasive behavior to HNSCC cells. Therefore, ...

The inventory of property of Maître Peschier, a notary in rural areas at the end of the Middle Age, reveals a great deal of information about the character of the notary in the countryside and his place in the company. ; International audience ; The inventory of property of Maître Peschier, a notary in rural areas at the end of the Middle Age, reveals a great deal of information about the character of the notary in the countryside and his place in the company. ; L'inventaire des biens de Maître Peschier, notaire en milieu rural à la fin du Moyen Age, révèle de nombreux éléments sur le personnage du notaire à la campagne et sur sa place dans la société.

1 4 114 2 ; S ; [EN] E. Oja, T. Viil, andD. Werner showed, in Totally smooth renormings, Archiv der Mathematik, 112, 3, (2019), 269-281, that a weakly compactly generated Banach space ( X, center dot) with the property that every linear functional on X has a unique Hahn-Banach extension to the bidual X ** (the so-called Phelps' property U in X **, also known as the Hahn-Banach smoothness property) can be renormed to have the stronger property that for every subspace Y of X, every linear functional on Y has a unique Hahn-Banach extension to X ** (the so-called total smoothness property of the space). We mention here that this result holds in full generality -without any restriction on the space- and in a stronger form, thanks to a result ofM. Raja, On dual locally uniformly rotund norms, Israel Journal of Mathematics 129 (2002), 77-91. Supported by AEI/FEDER (project MTM2017-83262-C2-2-P of Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad), by Fundacion Seneca, Region de Murcia (Grant 19368/PI/14), and Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (A. J. Guirao). Supported by AEI/FEDER (project MTM2017-83262-C2-1-P of Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad) and Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (V. Montesinos). We thank the referees for their work, that neatly improved the original version of this note to its final form. ; Cobollo, C.; Guirao Sánchez, AJ.; Montesinos Santalucia, V. (2020). A remark on totally smooth renormings. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Serie A Matemáticas. 114(2):1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-020-00831-5

a new model for developing hydrocarbon resources is emerging in Russia, including from an organisational point of view. The new institutional arrangement implemented since the early 2000s is based on two main factors: the state-owned company and closer public control over access to hydrocarbon resources. These two developments make it possible to define an 'institutional arrangement' — the method of access to resources and organisational model — more coherent, particularly in terms of property rights over the company and over the resource, and more in line with the policy that the Russian State intends to pursue in the field of hydrocarbons. ; Un nouveau modèle de développement des ressources en hydrocarbures est en train d'émerger en Russie, notamment d'un point de vue organisationnel. Le nouvel arrangement institutionnel mis en œuvre depuis le début des années 2000 repose sur deux facteurs principaux : la compagnie d'Etat et un contrôle plus étroit de la puissance publique sur l'accès aux ressources en hydrocarbures. Ces deux évolutions permettent de définir un « arrangement institutionnel » – modalité d'accès aux ressources et modèle organisationnel – plus cohérent, notamment en termes de droits de propriété sur l'entreprise et sur la ressource, et plus en conformité avec la politique qu'entend mener l'Etat russe dans le domaine des hydrocarbures.