Suchergebnisse

Successful public policy implementation is almost always problematic. Seismic safety policies are prone to implementation problems, and it is at least arguable that seismic safety policies may be more susceptible to implementation problems than some other policies. This paper focuses on efforts to implement seismic safety policies in thirteen local California communities. The most important aspects of seismic safety policy implementation in California are (1) the role of key governmental personnel, (2) the political environment surrounding the issue of seismic safety, and (3) the treatability of the issue itself. Given the way these three aspects interact, and because seismic safety is not an issue that generates consistent expressionis of organised public support, policy implementation will always falter unless a highly committed and motivated core of public officials diligently pursue implementation. Absent these personnel, the perceived intractability of the problem and lack of visible political rewards for supporting seismic safety make seismic safety a policy area prone to unsuccessful or incomplete implementation.

Imagine shopping for a car in 1960. Safety is important to you. How do you assess a car's performance in surviving a crash? What tools were available then to take an informed decision? The modern consumer of financial services is in a similar position as the car shopper of the z96os. How does the modern consumer choose a bank that is relatively safe from identity thieves and other malicious individuals? Perhaps she chooses the larger institution, because it has more resources to address fraud. Or perhaps a smaller institution offers more protection, because it is more obscure. There is no way to know for sure, and thus, consumers cannot make an informed decision. This article attempts to actuate a market for bank safety by comparing identity theft victim data with government statistics used to measure the relative size of financial institutions. It envisions a future when this market incentivizes financial services firms to explicitly compete to reduce the likelihood that customers will become victims of identity theft or other frauds. In a world of competition in bank safety, consumers who put a premium on avoiding fraud could reward the most proficient firms with their loyalty. This article concludes that the available data, while weakened by several methodological concerns, do show that certain banks, large and small, have different identity theft footprints. Other discoveries were made as well. First, if present trends continue, there will be a substantial upswing in identity theft complaints to the Federal Trade Commission in 2008. Second, over a three-year period, a small group of companies accounted for almost 5o percent of identity theft incidents. Focusing interventions on this small group of companies could have a profound effect on incidence of identity theft. Finally, non-banking institutions, such as telecommunications companies, have an enormous identity theft footprint; in our highly dependent credit markets, impostors may be using these companies as stepping stones for attacks against banks.

Intro -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Part I Theoretical Foundations of Building of the System for Management of Ecology Safety in Civil Aviation -- 1 Analysis of Compliance of the System for Management of Ecology Safety in Civil Aviation with Modern Requirements -- 1.1 Statement of the Problem and Task of Research -- 1.2 International Requirements for Systems of Management of Ecology Safety -- 1.3 Requirements for Systems of Management of Ecology Safety in the Russian Federation -- 1.4 The System of Management of Ecology Safety for Flight Operations, Technical Service, and Repair -- 1.5 Compliance of the System of Management of Ecology Safety in Civil Aviation with International and Domestic Requirements -- References -- 2 Analysis of Work in the Area of Improving the Requirements to the System of Management of Ecology Safety -- 2.1 Determination of the Factors of Ecology Threats -- 2.2 Analysis of Work in the Area of Improving the Requirements to the System of Management of Ecology Safety in the Russian Federation -- 2.3 Basic Principles of the System of Ecology Safety -- 2.4 Analysis of the Existing System of Management of Ecological Safety in Civil Aviation -- References -- 3 Theoretical Studies of Ways to Improve the Efficiency of the System of Management of Ecology Safety in Civil Aviation -- 3.1 Development of a Mathematical Model of System Management for Ecological Safety in Civil Aviation -- 3.1.1 Mathematical Model of System Management for Ecological Safety -- 3.1.2 The Model of the Production System of Aircraft Repair -- 3.2 Approximate Analysis of the Directions of Improving the Efficiency of System Management for Ecological Safety in Civil Aviation -- 3.3 Structural Optimization of the System of Management of Ecology Safety in Civil Aviation -- 3.3.1 Threat and Risk Assessment at Enterprises.

Objective: This study reports current status of knowledge and challenges associated with the emergency vehicle (police car, fire truck, and ambulance) crashes, with respect to the major contributing risk factors. Background: Emergency vehicle crashes are a serious nationwide problem, causing injury and death to emergency responders and citizens. Understanding the underlying causes of these crashes is critical for establishing effective strategies for reducing the occurrence of similar incidents. Method: We reviewed the broader literature associated with the contributing factors for emergency vehicle crashes: peer-reviewed journal papers; and reports, policies, and manuals published by government agencies, universities, and research institutes. Results: Major risk factors for emergency vehicle crashes identified in this study were organized into four categories: driver, task, vehicle, and environmental factors. Also, current countermeasures and interventions to mitigate the hazards of emergency vehicle crashes were discussed, and new ideas for future studies were suggested. Conclusion: Risk factors, control measures, and knowledge gaps relevant to emergency vehicle crashes were presented. Six research concepts are offered for the human factors community to address. Among the topics are emergency vehicle driver risky behavior carryover between emergency response and return from a call, distraction in emergency vehicle driving, in-vehicle driver assistance technologies, vehicle red light running, and pedestrian crash control. Application: This information is helpful for emergency vehicle drivers, safety practitioners, public safety agencies, and research communities to mitigate crash risks. It also offers ideas for researchers to advance technologies and strategies to further emergency vehicle safety on the road.

OBJECTIVE: This study reports current status of knowledge and challenges associated with the emergency vehicle (police car, fire truck, and ambulance) crashes, with respect to the major contributing risk factors. BACKGROUND: Emergency vehicle crashes are a serious nationwide problem, causing injury and death to emergency responders and citizens. Understanding the underlying causes of these crashes is critical for establishing effective strategies for reducing the occurrence of similar incidents. METHOD: We reviewed the broader literature associated with the contributing factors for emergency vehicle crashes: peer-reviewed journal papers; and reports, policies, and manuals published by government agencies, universities, and research institutes. RESULTS: Major risk factors for emergency vehicle crashes identified in this study were organized into four categories: driver, task, vehicle, and environmental factors. Also, current countermeasures and interventions to mitigate the hazards of emergency vehicle crashes were discussed, and new ideas for future studies were suggested. CONCLUSION: Risk factors, control measures, and knowledge gaps relevant to emergency vehicle crashes were presented. Six research concepts are offered for the human factors community to address. Among the topics are emergency vehicle driver risky behavior carryover between emergency response and return from a call, distraction in emergency vehicle driving, in-vehicle driver assistance technologies, vehicle red light running, and pedestrian crash control. APPLICATION: This information is helpful for emergency vehicle drivers, safety practitioners, public safety agencies, and research communities to mitigate crash risks. It also offers ideas for researchers to advance technologies and strategies to further emergency vehicle safety on the road.

As Southeast Asian countries are gradually reopening their economies in the face of a pandemic, there is a need to ensure safety and health at the workplace. While there is the medical approach to prevention, containment and mitigation of pandemics, there is also the non-medical approach, which encompasses a number of safety measures, practices, and behaviours intended to minimise contagion risk at workplaces. A culture of prevention at the workplace needs to be institutionalised. This NTS Insight argues that adopting key principles and best practices in building a strong nuclear safety culture may help prevent the further spread of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases at workplaces. It examines how best practices and policies in promoting a nuclear safety culture can be applied in integrating a culture of prevention with occupational health and safety management in Southeast Asia, so that workplaces can be kept safe amidst a pandemic.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acronyms -- Chapter 1 Safety in Emergencies and Disasters -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 9/11 Response -- 1.3 Deepwater Horizon -- 1.4 Emergency Responders -- 1.5 Toxicology: How Do We Know What Causes Cancer or Other Health Effects? -- 1.6 Principles of Injury and Illness Prevention -- 1.7 Safety Management in Incident Response -- 1.8 Safety Officer Qualifications -- 1.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Applicability of Safety Regulations in Emergency Response -- 2.1 The Occupational Safety and Health Act -- 2.2 State Plan States and Territories -- 2.3 Tribes -- 2.4 Safety Requirements in Fire Departments -- 2.5 Safety Requirements in Law Enforcement -- 2.6 Additional Federal Safety Regulations -- 2.7 Safety Expectations in the National Preparedness Goal and Supporting Frameworks -- 2.8 OSHA, ESF #8, and the Worker Safety and Health Support Annex -- 2.9 Safety in State Emergency Management Plans -- 2.10 Liability in Incident Response -- 2.11 Multiemployer Worksites -- 2.12 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Types of Emergencies and Disasters, and Related Hazards -- 3.1 The All‐Hazards Approach -- 3.2 Hazardous Materials Release or Spill -- 3.3 Severe Weather -- 3.3.1 Extreme Heat -- 3.3.2 Extreme Cold -- 3.3.3 Winter Storms -- 3.3.4 Thunderstorms -- 3.3.5 Hailstorms -- 3.4 Tropical Storms, Hurricanes, and Windstorms -- 3.5 Tornados -- 3.6 Floods -- 3.7 Landslides -- 3.8 Earthquakes -- 3.9 Volcanic Eruption -- 3.10 Tsunami -- 3.11 Fire -- 3.11.1 Chemical Exposures in Firefighting -- 3.11.2 Additional Hazards to Firefighters -- 3.11.3 Wildland Fires -- 3.12 Transportation Incidents -- 3.12.1 Aircraft Incidents -- 3.12.2 Rail Incidents -- 3.13 Pandemic -- 3.14 Radiological Incident -- 3.15 Terrorism Attack: Chemical or Biological Release -- 3.16 Summary -- References.

"Cover" -- "Half Title" -- "Dedication" -- "Title" -- "Copyright" -- "Contents" -- "List of Figures and Tables" -- "Preface" -- "Prologue: A Nurse's Error Became a Crime" -- "1 What is the Right Thing to Do?" -- "2 "You Have Nothing to Fear if You've Done Nothing Wrong"" -- "3 Between Culpable and Blameless" -- "4 Are All Mistakes Equal?" -- "5 Report, Disclose, Protect, Learn" -- "6 A Just Culture in Your Organization" -- "7 The Criminalization of Human Error" -- "8 Is Criminalization Bad For Safety?" -- "9 Without Prosecutors, There Would Be No Crime" -- "10 Three Questions For Your Just Culture" -- "11 Why Do We Blame?" -- "Epilogue

The article discusses the issues of ensuring the safety of suspects and accused persons from criminal en-croachments. It is emphasized that, due to their procedural status, these persons have a high predisposition to criminal threats, and are not always able to independently counter them. It is stated that the most common ille-gal act against suspects and accused is coercion to testify. The use of violence against suspects and accused persons held in temporary detention facilities and remand prisons by the staff of those institutions is no less widespread. Violation of the rights and legitimate interests of suspects and accused persons is also allowed by officers of preliminary investigation and inquiry bodies when falsifying evidence and the results of operational and investigative activities. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that ensuring the criminological safety of suspects and accused should become one of the priorities of public authorities. Based on the study, some recommenda-tions are given aimed at increasing the degree of protection of suspects and accused from criminal threats.

This is the first book to examine the views of a number of theorists from ancient times to the 19th century on a range of welfare issues: wealth, poverty and inequality; slavery, gender issues, and the family; child rearing and education; crime and punishment; the role of government in society; the strengths and weaknesses of government provision vis-à-vis market provision. The book also looks at the values of the various theorists as well as their perception of human nature for these tend to underpin their welfare views.

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the workforce and safety issues facing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its shuttle program, focusing on the: (1) impact of workforce reductions on the shuttle program; (2) challenges NASA faces in addressing workforce issues; and (3) status of planned shuttle safety and supportability upgrades."