Suchergebnisse

Bill introduced by the Texas House of Representatives relating to limits on prizes for bingo games.

Introduction: the need for "new directions" in criminological theory / Steve Hall and Simon Winlow -- Epistemological and political reflections -- Criminological knowledge : doing critique, doing politics / Pat Carlen -- Political economy and criminology : the return of the repressed / Robert Reiner -- Critical criminology, critical theory and social harm / Majid Yar -- The current condition of criminological theory in North America / Walter S. DeKeseredy -- Criminological theory, culture, and the subject -- The biological and the social in criminological theory / Tim Owen -- From social order to the personal subject : a major reversal / Michel Wieviorka -- The discourse on "race" in criminological theory / Colin Webster -- Using cultural geography to think differently about space and crime / Keith J. Hayward -- Consumer culture and the meaning of the urban riots in England / Steve Hall -- Censure, culture, and political economy : beyond the death of deviance debate / Colin Sumner -- Criminological theory, and violence -- Psychosocial perspectives : men, madness, and violence / David W. Jones -- 'All that is sacred is profaned' : towards a theory of subjective violence / Simon Winlow -- Late capitalism, vulnerable populations, and violent predatory crime / David Wilson -- Crime and criminological theory in the global age -- Outline of a criminology of drift / Jeff Ferrell -- 'It was never about the money' : market society, organized crime and UK criminology / Dick Hobbs -- After the crisis : new directions in theorising corporate and white-collar crime / Kate Burdis and Steve Tombs -- Crimes against reality : parapolitics, simulation, power crime / Eric Wilson -- Global terrorism, risk and the state / Gabe Mythen and Sandra Walklate

Crimes committed by the members of Boko Haram in Nigeria are not only the subject of national trials but also of preliminary examination at the International Criminal Court (ICC). This article focuses on the sexual slavery perpetrated by Boko Haram, describes how the crimes are viewed
within the national Nigerian criminal process and addresses the possibility of prosecution of the crimes at the ICC.<br/> This article analyses the legal terminology used to describe the crimes connected to Boko Haram – enslavement, sexual slavery, human trafficking and terrorism
– and their interaction. While providing an overview of the ICC's current preliminary examination into the situation in Nigeria, this article discusses how the principle of complementarity is potentially holding the OTP back from the formal investigation.<br/> Furthermore, an overview
of cases at the ICC that have involved charges of sexual slavery or enslavement will be provided. By analysing the Court's findings in relation to elements of sexual slavery, this article provides an insightful view into the Court's rhetoric on this crime. Similarly, this article discusses
modes of liability that have been employed in the Katanga/Chui and Ntaganda cases and provides a learning opportunity for future cases of sexual slavery as both a crime against humanity (Article 7(1)(g) of the Rome Statute) and a war crime (Article 8(2)(e)(vi) of the Rome Statute; 8(2)(b)(xxii)
of the Rome Statute).

International Criminal Law in Context provides a critical and contextual introduction to the fundamentals of international criminal law. It goes beyond a doctrinal analysis focused on the practice of international tribunals to draw on a variety of perspectives, capturing the complex processes of internationalisation that criminal law has experienced over the past few decades. The book considers international criminal law in context and seeks to account for the political and cultural factors that have influenced--and that continue to influence--this still-emerging body of law. Considering the substance, procedures, objectives, justifications and impacts of international criminal law, it addresses such topics as: the history of international criminal law; the subjects of international criminal law; transitional justice and international criminal justice; genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression; sexual and gender-based crimes; international and hybrid criminal tribunals; sentencing under international criminal law; and the role of victims in international criminal procedure. The book will appeal to those who want to study international criminal law in a critical and contextualised way. Presenting original research, it will also be of interest to scholars and practitioners already familiar with the main legal and policy issues relating to this body of law.

Introduction to the context of Native American criminal justice involvement / Marianne O. Nielsen -- Patterns of Native American crime, 1984--2005 / Robert A. Silverman -- Ha'álchíní, haadaah náásdah = "They're not going to be young forever" : juvenile criminal justice / Jon'a Meyer -- Criminal justice challenges for Native American women / Mary Jo Tippeconnic Fox -- Finding their way : challenges and resources of American Indian victims of sexual assault / Sherry Hamby -- "It's just the way life is here" : hate crime against Native Americans / Barbara Perry -- Native Americans and uranium mining as state-corporate crime / Linda Robyn -- The jurisdictional jungle : navigating the path / John F. Cardani -- More than just a red light in your rearview mirror / Eileen Luna-Firebaugh -- Policing on and off the reservation : sources of individual stress / Larry A. Gould -- Beyond colonialism : Indian courts in the present and future / James W. Zion -- "How do we get rid of crime? Restore it to harmony" : tribal peacemaking as an alternative to modern courts / Jon'a Meyer -- The search for the silver arrow : assessing tribal-based healing traditions and ceremonies in Indian country corrections / William G. Archambeault -- Present and future issues for Native American criminal justice / Marianne O. Nielsen

Abstract
This article argues that international criminal law has not adequately addressed the true dimensions and effects of forced displacement. Often protracted in time, forced displacement extends well beyond the conduct of coercively expelling individuals out of territory from which they are lawfully present. Preventing those forcibly displaced from returning is an essential element of forced displacement as a crime against humanity and as such, it requires the full reprehension of international criminal law. This means that the crime continues for as long as prevention from returning is sustained with significant ramifications on the temporal and territorial jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. This is particularly so in relation to crimes elements of which are committed in the territory of a state not party to the icc Statute, such as in the situation concerning the alleged deportation of the Rohingya before the icc, and crimes which were initiated before the binding force of the icc Statute. The article concludes that recognition of prevention from returning as a continuing element of forced displacement does not infringe state consent, nor does it compromise the principle of legality which are central to the exercise of icc jurisdiction.

While no business leaders have yet been charged before the International Criminal Court (ICC), such future proceedings will typically be conducted with reference to the accessorial mode of liability of aiding and abetting, under Article 25(3)(c) of the Rome Statute of the ICC. There exist diverse and competing interpretations of Article 25(3)(c). This paper aims to advocate the creation of a dominant interpretation of Article 25(3)(c) and, consequently, to the clarification of the potential responsibility of business leaders who aid or abet crimes under the jurisdiction of the Rome Statute, in two ways. First, it asks whether Article 25(3)(c) can be interpreted in harmony with the dominant practice on aiding and abetting in international criminal law generally. Second, it presents a case study on the provision of arms by the Russian corporation Rosoboronexport to the Syrian government, which is likely to have committed crimes against humanity since March 2011 and war crimes since mid-2012. The theoretical conclusions are applied to a discussion on the potential criminal responsibility of the Director General of Rosoboronexport for aiding and abetting the commission of international crimes by high-level Syrian officials.

At a White House ceremony on July 27, 2006, President Bush signed into law the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006. At the ceremony, the President hailed the Walsh Act as being comprehensive and an important part of the "solemn responsibility" of lawmakers to protect children. Indeed, the Walsh Act is the latest in a series of federal legislation, dating back to the 1980s, which aims to protect the public, and children in particular, from becoming victims of sexual crimes. The public's fear of the rapist and the child molester led to a great increase in the criminal penalties for sexual crimes throughout the 1980s and 1990s, as well as the imposition of federal laws focusing on these crimes. And at a time when television shows such as "To Catch a Predator" receive millions of viewers, it is clear that the nation's fear of those who would commit sexual crimes against children, and the desire that they be brought to justice, remains at a fever pitch. By passing the Walsh Act, Congress and the President responded to a national outcry that children were not safe from sex offenders.

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la construcción del delito político en las guerras civiles en Colombia durante el siglo XIX. Al terminar la confrontación, los perdedores se sometían a juicios en los cuales se buscaba establecer el grado de responsabilidad y el tipo de delito que cometió: político o común. En estos juicios, la controversia no solo giraba en torno a la tipificación del delito, también se discutía el delito desde el significado de la revolución, por parte del acusado y declarantes. Este artículo busca debatir este último punto. Cuál o cuáles eran las controversias que se enunciaban para definir si participar en una revolución era un delito político o común. El trabajo se enmarca dentro de la historia del derecho; para ello se analizó el documento del juicio al presidente general José María Obando, quien fue acusado de traición y rebelión por su supuesta participación y/o colaboración con la Revolución de 1853, fraguada por el general José María Melo. Por tanto, más que un debate de naturaleza dogmática, es un estudio desde la historia social del derecho y la construcción del delito, desde sentidos e intereses políticos y sociales. ; The article aims to analyze political crime in Colombia during the civil war of the nineteenth century. Once the confrontations had reached an end, the losers were tried in order to establish the degree of responsibility and the type of crime committed: political or common. In these trials, the controversy not only revolved around the criminal behavior, but in the context of the revolution. It is this last point that this article seeks to discuss. Which were the controversies that defined the participation in the revolution as a political or common crime. The work is framed within the history of the law, and for this purpose we analysed the trial of general president Jose Maria Obando, who was accused of treason and rebellion for his supposed collaboration to the Revolution of 1853, forged by the General José María Melo. Therefore, rather than a debate of dogmatic nature, it is a study from the social history of the law and the construction of the crime from the political and social senses and interests.

The prevalence and impact of sexual abuse is of global concern, and the alarming rates of victimization have inspired a focus on its prevention. Whilst research has begun to explore the experiences of non-offending individuals to inform prevention initiatives, there is limited exploration of those who have struggled with their sexual interests and go on to commit sexual crime. Arguably these individuals hold key information about gaps in service provision, which may inform approaches to crime prevention. This study aimed to provide a phenomenological exploration of the pre-offense experiences of convicted individuals' beliefs about help-seeking, their desires for support, and any barriers that might have prevented them from coming forward for help. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 individuals convicted of sexual offenses ( n = 13 against children; n = 1 sexually motivated violence), and interpretative phenomenological analysis elicited three superordinate themes: Desperation, Barriers to Help-seeking and A Way Forward. The findings shed light on the distressing experience of living with sexual interests that are so openly rejected by society and the many ways participants attempted to cope with this, including multiple failed attempts to seek help. Implications and limitations are discussed.

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa tentang kejahatan genosida dan konflik etnis Rohingya dalam perspektif hukum internasional dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Adapun metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini yaitu menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan berbagai konvensi internasional dan peraturan yang mengatur kejahatan genosida untuk dapat menelaah kasus genosida khususnya kasus Rohingya. Kejahatan Genosida di Myanmar yang telah lama terjadi merupakan salah satu isu internasional yang mendapat perhatian dari berbagai negara-negara di dunia saat ini terlebih lagi semenjak gencarnya serangan terhadap orang-orang Rohingya yang dilakukan oleh pasukan militer Myanmar. Kejahatan genosida ini telah menewaskan banyak orang-orang sipil yang tidak bersalah, dimana ribuan orang meninggal dan terluka sebagai akibat pembunuhan massal yang dilakukan pasukan militer Myanmar secara membabi buta. Genosida telah menjadi salah satu kejahatan paling kejam yang juga merupakan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan ; AbstractGenocide has become one of the most essential issue nowadays in the world since the ethnic conflict on Rohingya occurred in Myanmar. This conflict which has killed thousands of innocence civilians happened over the last century and increasingly heating up in the 21st century. Genocide on the Rohingya constitute a serious international crime which was conducted widespread and systematically, carried out by state actors (state agents or military apparatus) and non- state actors by destruction in whole or in part. This research focuses on the crime of genocide that occurred in the conflict of Rohingya which reviewed based on aspects of international law and human rights. The research results show that genocide on the Rohingya Ethnic has become a crime against humanity and violates the principle of humanity.Abstrak Genosida saat ini menjadi salah satu persoalan yang paling penting di dunia sejak terjadinya insiden konflik sejak konflik etnis Rohingya terjadi di Myanmar. Konflik ini telah membunuh ribuan orang – orang sipil yang tidak bersalah yang terjadi selama berabad-abad yang lalu dan semakin memanas di abad ke-21. Genosida pada etnis Rohingya merupakan kejahatan internasional yang serius yang dilakukan secara meluas dan sistematik, dilakukan oleh aktor-aktor negara (agen-agen negara atau aparat militer) dan aktor-aktor non negara dengan penghancuran secara sebagian atau keseluruhan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada kejahatan genosida yang terjadi pada konflik etnis Rohingya yang dikaji melalui aspek- aspek hukum internasional dan hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa genosida pada etnis Rohingya merupakan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan dan melanggar prinsip- prinsip kemanusiaan.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v5n1.a10

Cybercrime can be defined as illegal activities with computer intermediaries that can be carried out through global electronic networks. In computer networks such as the internet, the problem of crime is becoming increasingly complex due to its wide scope. The purpose of this study is to see what strategies are suitable for preventing cybercrime actions via cell phones based on the ITE Law in Indonesia. The data analysis method used in this study is to use routine activity theory. Cohen and Felson's incidence that crime against crime is related to three variables, namely someone who is motivated, the target who is the target, and the absence of protection from the target (absence of a capable guard). The suggestion is that Gojek provides education about awareness in this fraud case. Gojek appeals to users on their social media to be more careful in trusting information. In addition, the government should not only give warnings to its users as a form of vigilance, but the government should be more optimal in giving more effort.Keywords: Cybercrime, ITE Law, Routine Activity Theory

El Salvador is one of the three Latin American countries that is still not part of the International Criminal Court. (ICC)The International Criminal Court is the first permanent criminal court, which main objective is to prosecute to those who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide and aggression. The ICC is laid down in the complementary principle. According to this principle, if a State is unwilling or incapable to carry out an investigation or prosecution, then the case can be brought to the ICC. In other words, is conditio sine quanon to exhaust the domestic remedies The ICC has a double dimension: a security dimension, which can be understood as peace-maintaining agent; and be a criminal court as a proper role, prosecute to those who have committed crimes under its jurisdiction. El Salvador is still not part of this international jurisdiction alleging that becoming part could harm some constitutional dispositions. However in the following dissertation it will be a legal, human rights and analytical discussion on how it is possible to become part of the ICC and do not violate the Salvadorian Constitution

The Democratic Republic of the Congo has been called "the worst place in the world to be a woman". With mass rape and systematic sexual violence becoming an increasingly prevalent weapon of warfare, the international community has created special international criminal tribunals and courts to address crimes as such: war crimes, crimes against humanity, and even genocide. This paper aims to trace the developments in international criminal law and procedure for the prosecution of sexual violence from Nuremberg and Tokyo to Kigali and The Hague while also identifying shortcomings and potential reforms. As the International Criminal Court hears landmark evidence and testimony on charges of rape in the case of Jean-Pierre Bemba, local and national courts in the Congo still fail to deliver the more "nationalized" justice that rape victims seek and prefer. This paper, using sexual violence and conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo as a case study, highlights the often underestimated importance of strengthening local and national judiciaries through legal and judicial reform as well as the critical role that international courts must play in sharing information, expertise, and prosecution strategies, especially on cases of sexual violence.