Статья посвящена одному эпизоду из истории кампании 1814 г. во Франции взятию казаками под командованием М.И. Платова города Немур. События рассмотрены как с военной точки зрения, так и сквозь призму исторической памяти. В историографии этих событий много неточностей, противоречий, противоположных суждений, которые транслируясь из работы в работу «демонизируют» образ казака и России. ; The article is devoted to an episode from the history of the 1814 campaign in France taking of Nemours by the Cossacks under the command of M. Platov. Events considered as from the military point of view, and through the prism of historical memory. In the historiography of these events there are many inaccuracies and contradictions, opposite judgments, that transition from work to work and to "demonize" of the image of Cossack and Russians.
В статье рассматривается эволюция информационных реалий и нынешняя ситуация в этой сфере. Информационные войны и операции, их значение в современной полити- ке и в других сферах жизнедеятельности сегодня стали предметом широких обсужде- ний. Однако иногда складывается впечатление, что суть подобных войн представляет- ся и трактуется несколько упрощенно, что в свою очередь затрудняет решения более чем сложных задач по обеспечению информационной безопасности. Между тем сего- дня формируется новый тип информационных войн, которые требуют разносторонне- го и тщательного исследования. ; The article reviews the evolution of information realities and their current situation. The information wars and operations, their significance in modern politics and other areas have become subjects for extensive discussions. However, the essence of such wars is often perceived and interpreted in somewhat simplified manner, which in turn makes it difficult to resolve extremely complicated problems of information security. Meanwhile, a new kind of information warfare is emerging, which requires comprehensive and thorough study.
В статье дана оценка экономической, политической и гуманитарной катастрофы на Украине, которая назревала свыше двух десятилетий. Проанализирована реакция на эту катастрофу со стороны политического руководства России и Запада, а также механизмы возникновения и прихода к власти украинского нацизма. ; The events of spring 2014 in the South-East of Ukraine at once changed the geopolitical architectonics of past twenty-five years. This analytical article is an attempt to assess the expanded economic, political and humanitarian disaster in the Ukraine, which has been brewing for more than two decades. The subject of my geopolitical analysis is the reaction to this disaster by the political leadership of Russia and Western countries, as well as mechanisms of the origin and rise to power of Ukrainian Nazism considering its specificity, which is the narrow focus on ethnic Ukrainian regions split and russophobia. I identify the following major risk factors that led to the destruction of Ukrainian statehood: (i) remote control carried out without taking into account the Russian-Ukrainian history, (ii) corrupt comprador regime ("constitutional oligarchy"), (iii) a special cultural policy aimed at forced Ukrainization of Russian population (both Great and Little Russians). Achieving the main goal of this policy, which was to break cultural and political ties with Russia, was paid-up by the economic and cultural crisis, by civil war in Ukraine, by death of thousands of people, by cultivating ethnic strife, and by rising of social inequalities. Summing analyzed facts, I conclude 2014 is almost full analogue of the prewar period in 1941 for Russia and Europe (historical experience shows that Ukrainian Nazism is a more terrible phenomenon than German one). On this basis, I am considering some possible tactics and strategies of Russian supreme power.
В статье речь идет о становлении начального образования во Франции, о борьбе церкви со светской властью за ведущую роль в образовании детей. Раскрывается несостоятельность педагогических приемов и методик французских учителей. Отмечается ведущая роль государства в преобразовании школьных программ и внедрении в жизнь самых популярных законодательных актов. ; The article describes the formation of elementary education in France, the antagonism between the church and the secular authorities in the matter of children education. The untenability of techniques and methods of French teachers is elaborated upon. Remarks are made on the leading role of the State in altering the school curricula and on promoting practical application of the most popular legislative acts.
Данная статья посвящена очень непростой и весьма остро стоящей проблеме проблеме коррупции. Она сегодня активно обсуждается на самых разных уровнях: от бытового до высшего государственного. Автор постарался подойти к ней комплексно: от исторической подоплеки и философских оснований до эмоционально-психологических мотиваций и правовой плоскости. Особо стоит отметить стремление автора не ограничиться теоретизацией, а предложить нечто практическое. ; This paper is devoted to the very difficult and quite urgent problem the problem of corruption. Now it is actively discussed at different levels: from the common domestic one to the highest governmental level. The author tries to approach this question complexly: from the historical background and the philosophical foundations to the emotionally psychological motivations and the legal plane. It is worth noting the author's aspiration not to limit himself to theorizing, but to offer something practical.
В статье рассматривается проблема взаимозависимости профессиональной историографии и политики. Характер, форма существования истории в общественном сознании (как представлений, образов, мифов) является объективной предпосылкой для использования истории в целях социального проектирования (конструирования). Сопряжение достижений научной историографии с целями формирования общегражданской и национальной идентичности («политики памяти») не должно сегодня привести к релятивизму в отношении исторической науки. ; The paper addresses the problem of the interdependence of professional historians and politicians. The nature, form of existence of stories in the public mind (ideas, images, myths) is an objective precondition for the use of history for social engineering (design). Conjugation of scientific historiography with the objectives of the formation of general civil and national identity (politics of memory) should not lead nowadays to relativism in regard to history as a science.
SUMMARY: The essay by Polish historian Andrzej Nowak consists of two parts: in the first part he shares his thoughts about the decision of the Russian president to create the Presidential Commission to Counter Attempts to Harm Russia's Interests by Falsifying History. He finds in its program a clear imperial dimension and reconstructs its potential legal influence in several areas by analyzing the text of the draft law "On Counteracting the Rehabilitation of Nazism, Nazi Criminals, and Their Accomplices in the Newly Independent States on the Territory of the Former USSR." He points out the dramatic disparity between the historical memory of World War II in Poland or the Baltic States and Russia, and speculates about the type of political measures that can establish the Russian official historical narrative as a dominant one. Nowak claims that the borders of the prospective Russian empire coincide with the territory under the jurisdiction of the law "On Counteracting…" and the presidential Commission.
He then turns to the more general question of the state as a main subject of the politics of history and memory and the juridization of historical judgment as a contemporary trend. In the second part of his comments, Nowak offers his interpretation of the recent Polish politics of memory and history, in particular, of the activities of the Polish Institute of National Memory. While he evaluates the politics of history of Kachinsky's administration as being rather liberal and pluralistic, he is disappointed with the attempts of the current administration to use the state apparatus to control historical debates. He tells the story of how he, the professor of history at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, in February 2009 became the target of left-leaning newspapers and a victim of government pressure for his role in supervising and publishing a revisionist biography of Lech Walesa.
В данной статье эксплицируется метафорическая природа термина «коррупция», а также представляется обзор метафор, участвующих в осмыслении феномена коррупции в разные исторические эпохи и в современной политической действительности России. Материалом исследования являются современные тексты СМИ в период 2000-2014 гг. («Комсомольская правда», «Наука и жизнь», «Эхо» и т.д.). ; The article studies the metaphorical nature of the term "corruption" and represents a review of metaphors used for interpretation of the phenomenon of corruption in different historical epochs and in the modern political reality of Russia. The research is based on the analysis of modern mass-media texts of the period between 2000 and 2014 («Komsomolskaya Pravda», «Nauka i Zhizn», «Ekho», etc.).
Статья посвящена истории распространения русской книжной культуры на территории Китайской Восточной железной дороги. В основе исследования коллекция книг «Из библиотек КВЖД» редкого фонда Забайкальской краевой универсальной научной библиотеки им. А.С. Пушкина. С помощью многочисленных книжных знаков, признаков принадлежности различным общественный и ведомственным библиотекам: штампов, печатей, экслибрисов прослеживается процесс распространения русского печатного слова в Харбине: отпервыхтипографий, издательств, библиотек до книжнойторговли. ; The construction and exploitation of the Chinese Eastern Railway (ChER) is an important event in the history of Russian and Chinese relations. As a result, unique phenomenon of Russian culture appeared there in the foreign land. Russian emigration managed to keep national traditions in spite of extreme conditions of living abroad. At that time the role of books in their spiritual world was great. A lot of marks on the books from the Harbin libraries are a striking illustration of extensive spreading and using Russian literature in Manchuria. Stamps, seals, library labels of numerous holders help to observe the whole Russian book spreading process in China from the activities of printing and publishing houses, libraries to book-selling organizations. The Transbaikal regional library named after A.S. Pushkin is a holder of a large Harbin collection. The first attempts have been made to find the information about its real holders for the catalog «ChER history in Bookmarks». It appeared that book spreading in Manchuria began from the first reading-hall in old Harbin in 1897 as reminded the stamp «Public Library of Sungari Shops». In pre-revolutionary period Russian emigration organized about 15 public and special libraries in Harbin. The largest of them were considered to be the Railway Assembly and ChER Central libraries. Some stamps keep the memory about the first school, opened in 1898 in Old Harbin for Russian and Chinese children. Library label of the bookbinder's shop of an orphan asylum in Modyagou proves the fact that in Harbin there wasn't such a disgraceful phenomenon as child homelessness. In 1899 four new printing engines started Russian publications in New Harbin. Later on some printing and publishing houses formed their own editorial policy. There were issued a large number of serious works on history, economics, ethnography, agriculture and other disciplines, concerning Manchuria. The most part of scientific works of the Orientalist's Society and the Society of the Manchuria Region Study were printed in the largest printing house owned by ChER. A wide choice of literary production could be found in numerous bookstores. Usually their addresses were shown in the seals. I.T. Shchelokov was known as a monopolist in Harbin bookselling. The variety of book depended greatly on political views of the holder. In contrast to monarchist Shchelokov P.V. Rovensky was a socialist-revolutionary and used his bookstore for popularization ideas of his party. Some publishing house had own bookstores, binder's shops and libraries and offered various services to spread their publications. Special stamp marked books from the library of a town government institution, formed in 1908. It organized public services and amenities in Harbin. These simple book marks retrace the evolution of Russian book culture centers in the territory of China. There is a certain urgency to collect and keep these unique documents of the amazing culture land «Russian Harbin».
В статье рассмотрены исторические аспекты развития законодательства о самоубийстве. Анализируются ключевые этапы постепенного развития законодательства в данной области, начиная от периода формирования до наших дней. Первые упоминание о самоубийстве в таких странах как Индия, Тибет, Япония трактовались как нормы социального предписания. Рассмотрены тенденции динамики завершенных самоубийств: патриархальная Россия до 1917 года занимала последнее место в Европе по количеству самоубийств, в 2012 году, суицид стал второй ведущей причиной смерти среди молодых людей 15-29 лет в глобальных масштабах. С начала XX века и по настоящее время общество уже не осуждает самоубийц, осуждению подлежит самоубийство, так как право на самоубийство не является проявлением свободы человека. ; The article describes the historical aspects of the legislation on suicide. Analyzes the key stages of the gradual development of legislation in this area, ranging from the formation period to the present day. The first mention of suicide in such countries as India, Tibet, Japan treated as norms of social regulation. Examined trends in completed suicides: patriarchal Russia until 1917 occupied the last place in Europe in the number of suicides in 2012, suicide was the second leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 on a global scale. Since the beginning of the XX century to the present day society is no longer condemns suicide, suicide is subject to condemnation, because the right to commit suicide is not a manifestation of human freedom.
В статье на основе анализа материалов рассматривается, как в современный период на голом месте, на основе маленького рабочего поселка закладывается город Дагестанские Огни. Автор показывает, как под руководством органов власти строились промышленные предприятия, жилые дома и вся инфраструктура города. Становлению города способствовало обнаружение еще 100 лет назад на этом месте залежей газа, что дало толчок строительству стекольного завода. Основали его русские предприниматели братья Малышевы, в дальнейшем сюда приезжали люди из различных регионов страны. Статус города Дагестанские Огни получил в 1991г., а мы знаем, что это было время раз-вала великой страны. В статье также говорится о роли государственных органов власти в решении проблем Дагестанских Огней, показаны и недостатки, и ошибки местных властей в решении экономических и социальных проблем зарождавшегося города. ; Taking for the grounds a review of archive records the paper considered the town Dagestanskiye Ogni (Dage-stani Lights) that emerged from scratch at the contempo-rary stage of the country' history, starting from a small industrial community settlement. The author has shown development of industrial enterprises, apartment houses and the whole infrastructure of the city under the guid-ance of government authorities. The fact that 100 years ago gas deposits were discovered at this place had con-tributed to the making of cities that gave impetus to con-struction of a glass-manufacturing plant. It was estab-lished by the Russian brethren entrepreneurs, the Malyshev, and further people from various regions of the country came to this place. The town Dagestanskiye Ogni was incorporated as a metropolitan area in 1991, at the time of the collapse of the great country, as everybody knows. The paper also specified the part taken by the public authorities in solving the issues at the town of Dagestanskiye Ogni, both weak points and errors com-mitted by the local authorities in solving economic and social challenges of the nascent city.
