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In this conceptual paper, I explicate the 'punctuated epistemology' that prevails in international marketing strategy (IMS) and I challenge the assumptions of a requisite punctuated ontology that is implied and nurtured by these epistemological commitments. I frame these assumptions under the terms 'monochronic' and 'monolithic' and articulate them through a paradigmatic case in point: the standardization versus adaptation debate. In turn, I argue that theorizing in international marketing can be enhanced through the adoption of another ontological stance. Specifically, inspired by the work of Alfred N. Whitehead, I propose an alternative commitment to a process ontology that takes account of ephemerality and mutual conditioning. By advancing the incorporation of metaphysics in international marketing research, I contribute in two broad ways: I promote a relationally embedded and time-sensitive understanding of IMS and highlight the value of philosophical considerations for theorizing purposes in our field.

ABSTRACT This article argues that modern international sales law has a hybrid character as it increasingly makes provision for interfaces between public and private, State and non-State, hard and soft , law. Although private forms of regulation are often associated with the lex mercatoria, this article shows that they rarely reflect or constitute mercantile custom or trade usage. However, they often address issues that State law does not. As a result, these forms of regulation have become an effective tool in supply chains, especially in the context of sustainable development. Whether private forms of regulation constitute law is a matter for debate, though. This article concludes that in the context of international sales, private forms of regulation mostly obtain their legitimacy through contract, which "hardens" them into law. Keywords: Private regulation; international sales; sustainable development

Im Mai 2013 hat das japanische Parlament den Beitritt zum Haager Übereinkommen über die zivilrechtlichen Aspekte internationaler Kindesentführungen von 1980 beschlossen. Dieses regelt das Verfahren, mit dem ein Kind nach einer Verbringung in einen anderes Land (z.B. durch einen Elternteil) gegen den Willen des Sorgeberechtigten wieder in das Land seines gewöhnlichen Aufenthaltes zurückgeführt wird. Die bisherige Handhabung Japans von internationalen Kindesentführungen führte zu starker Kritik aus dem Ausland. Die Verfahren dauerten zu lange, so dass Fakten geschaffen wurden. Die japanische Rechtsprechung förderte indirekt die Entführung durch einen Elternteil und die Vollstreckung einer im Ausland erwirkten Rückführungsanordnung gestaltete sich schwierig. Diese Arbeit versucht aufzuweisen, welche Umstände zu der Zurückhaltung der japanischen Regierung führten. Ein wichtiger Punkt hierbei ist, inwieweit eine Anpassung des inländischen Rechts für den Beitritt erforderlich ist. Formal ist eine Anpassung nicht nötig, allerdings führen Unterschiede im Rechtssystem zu Problemen in der Ausführung. Das japanische Familienrecht kennt z.B. im Gegensatz zu anderen Mitgliedsländern nach der Scheidung nur die alleinige Sorge. Auch das Recht auf Umgang ist nicht konkret geregelt. Außerdem kommen Verbringungen innerhalb einer Familie bei einer drohenden Scheidung in Japan regelmäßig vor. Diese werden jedoch von den Gerichten nicht negativ gewertet. Die Einführung einer kritischeren Bewertung von Verbringungen auf internationaler Ebene würde zu einer Diskrepanz mit den rein nationalen Fällen führen. Weitere Problematiken sind die Frage nach der strafrechtlichen Verfolgung der Verbringer sowie die Abwägung zwischen dem Prinzip der schnellen Rückführung und der Einschätzung des Kindeswohls.

This article problematizes the concept of 'mission' in international interventions, who is entitled to missionize and how the missionized subject is conceptualized. By looking at the international missions in Kosovo (those of the UN and particularly the EU), we problematize how the EU mission in Kosovo is entrenched in a trajectory of 'missionizing' that makes it bear the stigma of a structure non-responsive and non-sensitive to the local. Employing Derrida's deconstruction, we explain that the criticism (academic, dogmatic, ideological and empirical) of international missions relates not so much to how they operate in their host countries, or to the policy choices they make. Rather, looking at the path dependency of missions in the Western historical and civilizational trajectory, we maintain that the problem derives from the idea and very concept of 'mission' as intervention in itself.

ABSTRACTMost European industries have a history of gradually opening international markets, with growing international capital mobility and increasing free trade of goods and services. However, although labour markets have been officially deregulated as well, there is much less international mobility of labour, mainly due to cultural and social barriers. An apparent exception to the rule been the industry of professional team sports in Europe, where the Bosman verdict in 1995 has freed the European player market while the product market was still nationally protected. In this paper, we try to derive the consequences of this deviant evolution in the European sports industry, concentrating on the competitive balance within and between national leagues and on the player salary levels, using a simplified 'two country–four team' model with quadratic revenue functions.

RéSUMé. — Au cours de l'après-guerre froide, un nombre croissant d'entrepreneurs moraux a pris pour cible des États, des organisations internationales et des entreprises multinationales sommés de rendre des comptes des actes immoraux passés ou présents qui leur sont imputés. Cette étude montre comment la fin de la bipolarité a encouragé la multiplication de ces critiques et dans quelle mesure l'action de ces entrepreneurs reflète une transformation du système international. Ce changement provoque dès lors une rupture avec les traditionnels appels idéalistes à une morale interétatique : ces accusations sont le reflet d'un conséquentialisme global qui a pris une place considérable dans les entreprises de justification des décisions politiques et économiques. Cet article met l'accent sur une de ses composantes essentielles, le registre contrefactuel, en s'interrogeant sur la validité de son usage dans l'élaboration d'une morale des relations internationales.

When an international firm enters an overseas market, international distribution channel structure is very important. Distribution channel structures decisions are made by examining the company's degree of commitment and risk, and are not only difficult to change but initial wrong decisions may lead to poor results. Therefore, channel satisfaction is higher when channel structure is appropriate for the foreign market. Examines factors leading to a firm's satisfaction with international marketing channels. Builds on existing studies about consumer satisfaction and distribution channel structures. As theoretical background, a transaction cost factor and the discrepancy model is used to examine the determinants of satisfaction. Findings from a survey of Korean electronic export corporations show that a firm's relative performance and control variables provide significant explanations for channel satisfaction, and the channel structure variable is supported by null hypothesis.

Discusses the internationalization of retail operations within the European Union (EU) and the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Discusses the determining factors behind the internationalization process and the influence this has on the flow of international investment. Places the motivations behind internationalization indicated by the survey results presented within the debate on the internationalization process. Analyses and uses to illustrate these determining factors, the particular experiences and attitudes of UK retailers towards international expansion. As a group, large UK retailers provide an interesting indicator of changing perceptions and underlying factors that determine the nature of international organizational growth and development. The EU and NAFTA provide useful market comparisons when assessing this process. Presents and discusses observable trends and survey results. Considers current and future developments in the internationalization process.

ABSTRACTSystems of policy coordination since 1945 may be classified as rule-governed systems relying on decentralized national decisions (a stylized Bretton Woods system) or discretionary bargaining in which coordination decisions are taken collectively at the international level (e.g. world economic summits). The European Monetary System combines elements of these two models. National attachments to rules cannot be explained solely by the strength of international institutions. A discretionary bargaining model of coordination is more likely to be successful when national leaders share a policy diagnosis that both cuts across economic issue areas and divides their own domestic political coalitions and governments. International organizations may facilitate policy coordination under a rule-based system through provision of resources to ease adjustment costs and rule clarification, and in a discretionary bargaining system by brokering, providing information and model building.

In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that emotion plays a central role in global politics. For example, people readily care about acts of terrorism and humanitarian crises because they appeal to our compassion for human suffering. These struggles also command attention where social interactions have the power to produce or intensify the emotional responses of those who participate in them. From passionate protests to poignant speeches, the author analyzes high-emotion events with an eye to how they shape public perception and finds that there is no single answer.

1. Introduction : the state as a contested concept in international relations / Cornelia Navari -- 2. Reality and illusion in the acquisition of statehood / Willie Henderson -- 3. The variety of states / James Mayall -- 4. Foreign policy and the domestic factor / Brian Porter -- 5. Diplomacy and the modern state / Christopher Hill -- 6. The state and integration / John Baker and Martin Kolinsky -- 7. The state and war / Philip Windsor -- 8. On the withering away of the state / Cornelia Navari -- 9. Hegel, civil society and the state / John Charvet -- 10. What ought to be done about the condition of states? / Mervyn Frost -- 11. The duties of liberal states / Christopher Brewin -- 12. States, food and the world common interest / Michael Donelan.

La coopération internationale solidaire est plus pertinente que jamais dans la conjoncture mondiale. Le modèle de développement ultralibéral a favorisé une concentration extrême de la richesse qui n'est pas viable socialement ainsi qu'une crise écologique qui menace le futur de l'humanité. Quant aux politiques canadiennes d'aide internationale, elles sont désormais empreintes des intérêts des grandes entreprises. La situation des organismes de coopération internationale au Québec est révélatrice de la crise qui frappe la coopé­ration ­solidaire au Nord : baisse de financement, climat organisationnel ­difficile, réputation du Canada à l'étranger en chute libre... Pourtant, au Sud, des organisations de la société civile sont la démonstration vivante qu'il est possible d'assurer la vitalité d'une coopération visant la solidarité entre les peuples et la création d'un monde plus juste, plus équitable et plus respectueux de la nature. Ce modèle ne demande qu'à être compris, systématisé et dynamisé au sein d'alliances et de mouvements de ­transformation sociale.Ces constats, Paul Cliche les fait à la suite de questionnements, de découvertes et de frustrations issus de la pratique du développement. Son livre combine une théorisation de la pratique complétée par des données empiriques et des analyses théoriques provenant de différentes sources, de même que par une étude exploratoire effectuée auprès de 54 organismes de coopération internationale du Québec. Il s'adresse à la fois aux praticiens et aux militants de la coopération et du développement international ainsi qu'aux étudiants et aux chercheurs désireux d'approfondir des questions liées à ce domaine. Pour les uns, qui ont déjà une riche pratique, ce sera une occasion d'approfondir la réflexion théorique sur le sens de leurs expériences et sur le contexte dans lequel elles s'inscrivent. Pour les

In the wide world of academia, there is another specific moment which I equally learned to adopt and enjoy: conferencing and in particular international conferencing.
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A new international standards work program is underway through the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to develop a series of international standards that will provide requirements and recommendations for mine reclamation management, with a focus on reducing the environmental risks, associated financial liabilities and environmental impacts of mining. Nine countries are actively participating in the standards development program, including all of the most significant mining countries in the world. CSA Group has helped organise a committee of Canadian stakeholders and experts from the Canadian mining industry, relevant government authorities, service providers, and academic researchers with the mandate to provide Canadian leadership and input into this international standards program. This article explains the international standards being developed for mine reclamation management with a focus on an international work item and international standard that Canada has proposed on the topic of mine reclamation management planning. The standard is intended as a crucial overarching document that will provide requirements or recommendations on the topic of mine reclamation management planning. The document will also help guide the development of related standards for the mine reclamation management process. The work item follows a lifecycle approach to mine reclamation management planning and recognises that planning for mine reclamation must take place throughout the lifecycle of the mine and not just at closure. This paper covers the main decision points and procedures that need to be considered in planning for mine reclamation, organised around the following topic areas: approaches to reclamation, reclamation technologies, reclamation activities, reclamation monitoring, financial provisions, and documentation and reporting. The objective is that the ensuing standard will help ensure consistency and completeness in terms of the mine reclamation planning process. ; Non UBC ; Unreviewed ; Other