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The paper presents a discussion on the water crisis that occurred between 2013 and 2015 in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, the lack of integrated natural resources planning, and the reaction of social actors affected by the crisis. The region was affected by an extreme hydrological and climatological event, which was combined with the unsustainable management of water resources. The paper addresses, initially, the dynamics of water governance in the region, and the main aspects related to water availability and climate dependence that caused the water crisis. Then, we present an analysis of the process that led to the water crisis and its main developments, which is based on the follow-up of the different moments of the crisis and dialogues with its relevant stakeholders. The results indicate the relevance of emphasizing issues on matters such as the lack of transparency and highlight the role of societal initiatives. We conclude the paper with a proposition to discuss governance processes that can contribute to the development of more effective initiatives in order to reduce the impact of this visible change in water regimes, strengthen transparent management, and promote a more democratic interaction between social actors and the government.

Exclusion and inclusion in the culturally, economically, and politically deter- mined educational space are one aspect of social life and its many micro-, meso-, eco-, macro-, and chronosystems. This issue is often addressed from theoretical, cognitive, practical, and research angles, which is reflected in scholarly and popular-science pub- lications as well as literary fiction. It is not bound to any particular time or place and it is relevant at all stages of a person's life, from conception to death. It can therefore be assumed that, to a greater or lesser extent, it governs the integral, holistic develop- ment of a human being, and, by the same token, the development of civilization. Moreover, one could argue that as the biological, psychological, social, cultural, and spiritual (religious) exclusion of the human being is more and more mitigated by his/ her participation in creating a living environment in the local, regional, national, and international spaces, we can observe an increasingly higher quality of the functioning of education systems. This is particularly a challenge for schools, which perform the basic functions—educational and preventative, didactic and protective—as defined by the educational law in Poland.

The paper presents a discussion on the water crisis that occurred between 2013 and 2015 in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, the lack of integrated natural resources planning, and the reaction of social actors affected by the crisis. The region was affected by an extreme hydrological and climatological event, which was combined with the unsustainable management of water resources. The paper addresses, initially, the dynamics of water governance in the region, and the main aspects related to water availability and climate dependence that caused the water crisis. Then, we present an analysis of the process that led to the water crisis and its main developments, which is based on the follow-up of the different moments of the crisis and dialogues with its relevant stakeholders. The results indicate the relevance of emphasizing issues on matters such as the lack of transparency and highlight the role of societal initiatives. We conclude the paper with a proposition to discuss governance processes that can contribute to the development of more effective initiatives in order to reduce the impact of this visible change in water regimes, strengthen transparent management, and promote a more democratic interaction between social actors and the government.

Co-Curricular Activities are important part of curriculum. These activities are important for the overall development of students. Though CCA are non-academic activities, it supports the academic purpose of schools, through positive reinforcements for the social and emotional aspects. It benefits the school children in gaining valuable academic and social experiences by providing wide range of opportunities and experience for self-expression and participation. The present study is an attempt to study the participation of girls' students in various co-curricular activities that are organised in the Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya and Government Upper Primary School of East Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh. A sample of 4 KGBV and 4 GUPS from 2 blocks,5 teachers and 10 girls' students from each school have been taken by following simple random technique. The total sample consist of 8 schools,40 teachers and 80 girls' students. It is a descriptive research study. For collecting various information, the researcher used the constructed questionnaire. The data analysis had been done by using simple frequency and percentage technique. The findings of the study revealed that girls' students of KGBV took more active participation in CCA than GUPS.

The Covid-19 pandemic phenomenon has caused global panic to all aspects of people's lives. The Government of Aceh implements various policies, including social distancing, quarantine, and holding cells to break the chain of virus spreading. An interesting thing to study from the perspective of cultural communication is the traditional, cultural, and religious traditions in Aceh so that Aceh has its uniqueness in facing the threat of Covid -19. Acehnese people have unique rituals from generation to generation to fight the plague that is happening. After a patient died of Covid-19 on 23 March 2020, the Acehnese held a remembrance and prayer rejecting the plague by gathering in places of worship or open fields until a torch parade surrounded the boundaries of each village guided by leaders and leaders religion, by applying the protocol established by the government. This case shows a balance between effort and prayer. At first glance, there is a contradiction between the social distancing recommendations and the ritual of rejecting the plague. It also has the support of various parties from several local authority holders. According to the report of the Aceh Covid Cluster and Covid Indonesia Task Force, 2 June 2020, 14 city districts in Aceh entered the green zone.

Migration is a significant human phenomenon in which the people were moving across the globe in search of better living conditions. However, due to the violent political scenario between nations forced the displacement of millions of people for survival and currently, around 70.8 million people have been displaced across the world (UNHCR, 2019). It requires attention that even though there are various organisation's to support migrants, NGO's play a pivotal role in protecting humanitarian aspects of the migrants and their integration. About the NGO mechanisms, the significant measures are the lobbying and the mediatised political communication for effective policy changes. Therefore, it is significant to identify how NGO's influence on political communication and policy decision making using social media platforms and lobbying mechanism in the state of Florida in the United States. The article aims to identify the role of NGO on addressing the migrant crisis and upholding of sanctuary policy in Florida which facilitates migrant integration. Research methods include a qualitative interview with the Florida Immigrant Coalition and their social media discourse. The finding could be useful for effective immigrant integration and the significant policy measures needed for facilitating migrant integration.

The paper presents a discussion on the water crisis that occurred between 2013 and 2015 in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, the lack of integrated natural resources planning, and the reaction of social actors affected by the crisis. The region was affected by an extreme hydrological and climatological event, which was combined with the unsustainable management of water resources. The paper addresses, initially, the dynamics of water governance in the region, and the main aspects related to water availability and climate dependence that caused the water crisis. Then, we present an analysis of the process that led to the water crisis and its main developments, which is based on the follow-up of the different moments of the crisis and dialogues with its relevant stakeholders. The results indicate the relevance of emphasizing issues on matters such as the lack of transparency and highlight the role of societal initiatives. We conclude the paper with a proposition to discuss governance processes that can contribute to the development of more effective initiatives in order to reduce the impact of this visible change in water regimes, strengthen transparent management, and promote a more democratic interaction between social actors and the government.

COVID-19 is profoundly affecting almost all aspects of economic and social life globally. Governments have closed borders, banned mass gatherings, and enforced social distancing, generating a new normal for businesses and individual citizens. Measures taken to protect public health have threatened the global economy, necessitating economic stimulus in most countries, and reconfiguring the role of business in society. We ask: Will the role of business in society return to normal after COVID-19, or will it be reconfigured in enduring and impactful ways? We use Alexander's (2018, 2019) theory of societalization to examine how socially disruptive extreme events affect the role of business in society. To evidence this, we apply societalization to the revelatory example of COVID-19 and evaluate its impacts on society. Our analysis of the societalization of COVID-19 in the United States shows that concern regarding pandemic disease has moved from the governmental inside to the civic outside, placing strain on society, leading to regulatory response, and a significant societal backlash. We discuss three scenarios regarding the long-run impacts of COVID-19 on the role of business in society, suggest that societalization provides useful insights into other socially disruptive extreme events, and identify implications for future business and society research.

Saudi Arabia is one of the Moslem countries in the Middle East which limits women's rights. These women have limited access to economy, education, as well as politics. 2009 was the milestone for women's public participation in Saudi Arabia. This research aims to analyze the development of gender equality issue in Saudi Arabia which encourages policy changes in the era of King Salman. Gender is a character owned by someone in accordance with his/her social role based on his/her sex. Gender equality focuses on the equality of social role which is obtained by both men and women. In Koran surah Al- Baqarah article 288, there are two perspectives about women's position which included normative and contextual aspects. Gender equality in Islamic's perspective has been recognized in OKI's Charter article 6. This research uses qualitative method with literature study approach. The result shows that the dynamic of policy changes in Saudi Arabia is influenced by the condition of Saudi's women socio-cultural itself, the debate of the Ulama about gender equality which proposes Wassatiya's perspective and Vision 2030 by Mohammad bin Salman as the hope of the implementation of the policy which gives a bigger opportunity for women's role in public.

Fuel subsidies are widespread and debated extensively. The issues with these subsidies are fully acknowledged by many energy economists; however, the total subsidy level remains high. This is because energy subsidies are often closely related to the political economy viewpoint. Moreover, the rationale underlying fossil fuel subsidies, particularly concerning political, economic, and social contexts, is to reduce energy poverty, ensure access to energy, and redistribute the wealth that stems from the exploitation of national resources. Although there is considerable controversy surrounding the efficiency of these policies, energy subsidies confer private benefits on particular interest groups and, once implemented, tend to persist. This paper discusses and models various aspects of the political economy of fuel subsidy reform in selected Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies. Applying a panel data set from the period 1991-2018, the paper provides an empirical analysis of the economic and political perspectives of fuel prices in APEC countries resulting from the elimination of fossil fuel subsidization policies. Our findings robustly support the current economic trend of those governments that have decided to phase out fossil fuel energy policies. Based on these findings, we conclude that a range of economic, political, and social parameters systematically influence fuel prices.

Today, in the context of globalization, to speak of local and / or subnational governments and their international relations is to tackle a complicated issue, since it has many aspects: economic, political, social, cultural, and legal, as well as different conceptual approaches and theoretical. This article analyzes the international relations of the local or subnational governments of some countries in South America, considering the constitutional or regulatory foundations that affect international relations, especially of the municipalities or provinces. Its new competencies and attributions are addressed, according to the following categories: paradiplomacy, international cooperation, and associativism. ; Hoy en día, en el contexto de la globalización, hablar de gobiernos locales y/o subnacionales y sus relaciones internacionales es abordar un tema complicado, puesto que posee muchas aristas: económicas, políticas, sociales, culturales y jurídicas, así como diferentes enfoques conceptuales y teóricos. En este artículo, se analizan las relaciones internacionales de los gobiernos locales o subnacionales de algunos países de Sudamérica, considerando los fundamentos constitucionales o reglamentarios que inciden en esas relaciones internacionales, especialmente, de los municipios o provincias. Se abordan sus nuevas competencias y atribuciones, de acuerdo con las siguientes categorías: paradiplomacia, cooperación internacional y, asociativismo.

The current Dossier gathers research papers who, based upon judicial sources, approach different aspects of the complex process of everyday justice in the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata first and the Argentine State later. The roles of diffrent agents -that is justice administrators, plaintiffs and defendants- as wel as justice social and political uses framed by complex overlaps of jurisdictions and powers. We hope it will contribute to the critical reflexion, the debate and interdisciplinar dialogue about the administration of justice during the colonial and republican times, two key historcal periods. ; El presente Dossier reúne trabajos que, sirviéndose precisamente de documentación de procedencia judicial, abordan distintos aspectos de la compleja cotidianidad de la justicia en el Virreinato del Río de la Plata primero, y en Estado argentino después. Desde diversas perspectivas, se estudian las actuaciones de distintos agentes -tanto administradores de justicia, pleiteantes y justiciables- como los usos sociales y políticos de la justicia en el marco de complejas superposiciones jurisdiccionales y competenciales. Esperamos que contribuya a la reflexión crítica, al debate y al diálogo interdisciplinar sobre la administración de la justicia en períodos históricos clave -como el colonial y el republicano.

This essay analyzes the space incursions and the meanings of Julia Solomonoff's cinema to consider the aspects that a filmic perspective can grant to a certain politics of fictional bodies as a field of disputes and problems related to gender, sexuality and migration. Hermanas (2005), El último verano de la boyita (2009) y Nadie nos mira (2017) are feature films that propose special models to consider the forms of politics that cinema can assume regarding social issues and, in this way, extend the field of aesthetic towards a common implication. __ ARK: http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s22504524/ps9f8n5s1 ; Este ensayo analiza las posiciones y las significaciones del cine de Julia Solomonoff para considerar los aspectos que una perspectiva fílmica puede otorgar a cierta política de los cuerpos ficcionales como un terreno de disputas y problemáticas relativas al género, la sexualidad y la migración. Hermanas (2005), El último verano de la boyita (2009) y Nadie nos mira (2017) son largometrajes que proponen modelos especiales para considerar las formas de politicidad que el cine puede asumir respecto a cuestiones sociales y, de este modo, extender la experiencia estética hacia una implicancia de lo común. __ ARK: http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s22504524/ps9f8n5s1

This essay analyzes the space incursions and the meanings of Julia Solomonoff's cinema to consider the aspects that a filmic perspective can grant to a certain politics of fictional bodies as a field of disputes and problems related to gender, sexuality and migration. Hermanas (2005), El último verano de la boyita (2009) y Nadie nos mira (2017) are feature films that propose special models to consider the forms of politics that cinema can assume regarding social issues and, in this way, extend the field of aesthetic towards a common implication. __ ARK: http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s22504524/ps9f8n5s1 ; Este ensayo analiza las posiciones y las significaciones del cine de Julia Solomonoff para considerar los aspectos que una perspectiva fílmica puede otorgar a cierta política de los cuerpos ficcionales como un terreno de disputas y problemáticas relativas al género, la sexualidad y la migración. Hermanas (2005), El último verano de la boyita (2009) y Nadie nos mira (2017) son largometrajes que proponen modelos especiales para considerar las formas de politicidad que el cine puede asumir respecto a cuestiones sociales y, de este modo, extender la experiencia estética hacia una implicancia de lo común. __ ARK: http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s22504524/ps9f8n5s1

Darling Hammond (2017) reports how teacher effectiveness has rapidfly risen to the top of policy agendas globally. She contends that teacher preparation and development are key building blocks in developing effective teachers. Hall et al (2018) highlight how critical reflection is prioritized as being central to the development of one's competence as a teacher and professional. Reflective practice (RP) is a core element of the elarning journey that PSTs embark on through ITE programmes. In terms of the place of RP within the ITE curriculum it is frequently positioned amongst the plan-teach-reflect cycle. However, research has evidenced that it often becomes the more subdued component of this cyclical journey (McGarr & Moody 2010, Bolton 2005). Dewey (1933) describes reflection as a holistic approach to addressing problems in practice rather than a series of steps or proecedures to be used by teachers. Zeichner and Liston (1996, p.20) extend on Dewey's work and suggest the social, moral and political aspects of teaching require consideration; "Reflective teaching entails a recognition, examinations, and rumination over the implications of one's beliefs, experience, attitudes, knowledge, and values as well as the opportunities and constraints provided by the social conditions in which the teacher works".