Suchergebnisse

The Italian economist Pier Luigi Sacco, a representative of the European Expert Network on Culture, in his presentation "Culture 3.0: A new perspective for the EU 2014-2020 structural funds programming" claims that contemporary situation in European culture is marked by the transition towards a new stage in the historical development. Characteristic to this new stage is the expansion of the possibilities of the production as opposite to the expansion of the demand and audiences in the previous stage, called Culture 2.0. New digital technologies make the professional tools for producing, treating and communicating texts, still and moving images, sound and multimedia available to almost everyone. Eventually, it is getting impossible to make a distinction between cultural producer and consumer. Such situation, as well as many other modern practices and grounding theories, that emphasize a changing consumer's position in the field of economy, computer software, politics, media, institutions and finally in the cultural and creative spheres, is described by the term "prosumer" proposed by Alvin Toffler in 1980's. Both Sacco and other theorists of the new developments in contemporary culture point out that the new possibilities came up mostly due to the technological factors such as ICT, Internet, Cellular Network, etc. For example, such prevailing concepts for productive participation as open source or interactivity are used to pinpoint alternative cultural practices (open access, free content, creative commons, crowdsourcing, open research, peer-to-peer, co-creation, free culture, etc.) retaining however the undertone of their prior technological context. However, the article argues, that by putting too much stress on the technological factors we risk to underestimate other, namely, political, economic and above all institutional contexts and their significance for real cultural change. [.]

The Italian economist Pier Luigi Sacco, a representative of the European Expert Network on Culture, in his presentation "Culture 3.0: A new perspective for the EU 2014-2020 structural funds programming" claims that contemporary situation in European culture is marked by the transition towards a new stage in the historical development. Characteristic to this new stage is the expansion of the possibilities of the production as opposite to the expansion of the demand and audiences in the previous stage, called Culture 2.0. New digital technologies make the professional tools for producing, treating and communicating texts, still and moving images, sound and multimedia available to almost everyone. Eventually, it is getting impossible to make a distinction between cultural producer and consumer. Such situation, as well as many other modern practices and grounding theories, that emphasize a changing consumer's position in the field of economy, computer software, politics, media, institutions and finally in the cultural and creative spheres, is described by the term "prosumer" proposed by Alvin Toffler in 1980's. Both Sacco and other theorists of the new developments in contemporary culture point out that the new possibilities came up mostly due to the technological factors such as ICT, Internet, Cellular Network, etc. For example, such prevailing concepts for productive participation as open source or interactivity are used to pinpoint alternative cultural practices (open access, free content, creative commons, crowdsourcing, open research, peer-to-peer, co-creation, free culture, etc.) retaining however the undertone of their prior technological context. However, the article argues, that by putting too much stress on the technological factors we risk to underestimate other, namely, political, economic and above all institutional contexts and their significance for real cultural change. [.]

The Italian economist Pier Luigi Sacco, a representative of the European Expert Network on Culture, in his presentation "Culture 3.0: A new perspective for the EU 2014-2020 structural funds programming" claims that contemporary situation in European culture is marked by the transition towards a new stage in the historical development. Characteristic to this new stage is the expansion of the possibilities of the production as opposite to the expansion of the demand and audiences in the previous stage, called Culture 2.0. New digital technologies make the professional tools for producing, treating and communicating texts, still and moving images, sound and multimedia available to almost everyone. Eventually, it is getting impossible to make a distinction between cultural producer and consumer. Such situation, as well as many other modern practices and grounding theories, that emphasize a changing consumer's position in the field of economy, computer software, politics, media, institutions and finally in the cultural and creative spheres, is described by the term "prosumer" proposed by Alvin Toffler in 1980's. Both Sacco and other theorists of the new developments in contemporary culture point out that the new possibilities came up mostly due to the technological factors such as ICT, Internet, Cellular Network, etc. For example, such prevailing concepts for productive participation as open source or interactivity are used to pinpoint alternative cultural practices (open access, free content, creative commons, crowdsourcing, open research, peer-to-peer, co-creation, free culture, etc.) retaining however the undertone of their prior technological context. However, the article argues, that by putting too much stress on the technological factors we risk to underestimate other, namely, political, economic and above all institutional contexts and their significance for real cultural change. [.]

Object of research - disturbances of information flow in olive oil production. Aim - to analyze scientific literature, to make survey of suppliers and consumers, to evaluate disturbancies of information flow in olive oil production, to submit proposals for improvement. Objectives: 1. to define the theoretical aspects of the communication process. 2. to perform analysis of information flow disturbances. 3. to survey buyers and suppliers of olive oil. 4. to identify problems in olive oil circuit "producer – consumer" and to make proposals for improvement. Research methods - analysis and synthesis of literature, questionnaire, graphical representation and modeling, data aggregation, analysis. Research results. The first part deals with theoretical point of consumers attitude to marketing communication. The second part analizes types of olive oil, the qualitative requirements for the certification system in the European Union and in Lithuania. The third part analyzes the flow of information from producer to consumer. A questionnaire-based surveys is presented and marketing communication model "producer – consumer" for olive oil is proposed.

Object of research - disturbances of information flow in olive oil production. Aim - to analyze scientific literature, to make survey of suppliers and consumers, to evaluate disturbancies of information flow in olive oil production, to submit proposals for improvement. Objectives: 1. to define the theoretical aspects of the communication process. 2. to perform analysis of information flow disturbances. 3. to survey buyers and suppliers of olive oil. 4. to identify problems in olive oil circuit "producer – consumer" and to make proposals for improvement. Research methods - analysis and synthesis of literature, questionnaire, graphical representation and modeling, data aggregation, analysis. Research results. The first part deals with theoretical point of consumers attitude to marketing communication. The second part analizes types of olive oil, the qualitative requirements for the certification system in the European Union and in Lithuania. The third part analyzes the flow of information from producer to consumer. A questionnaire-based surveys is presented and marketing communication model "producer – consumer" for olive oil is proposed.

Agricultural co-operation creates opportunities to strengthen their market position, the movement to a higher chain of added value, take the advantage of the common agricultural policy support measures. Development of co-operation in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. One way to improve the situation in this area is to support establishment of producer groups. The aim of the study – according to the analysis of the neighbouring countries (Latvia and Poland) experience in the development of farmers and producer groups in organizing their activities, identify the best examples of successful opportunities. Economic literature and legal documentation on agricultural production regulation and farmers' cooperated activity was analyzed. In addition, the study also included the semi-standardized interviews with the fruit and vegetable producer groups, managers and consultants. It was found that farmers in Poland and Latvia are more active in binding to the producer groups than in Lithuania, they better use the advantages of EU and national support.

Agricultural co-operation creates opportunities to strengthen their market position, the movement to a higher chain of added value, take the advantage of the common agricultural policy support measures. Development of co-operation in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. One way to improve the situation in this area is to support establishment of producer groups. The aim of the study – according to the analysis of the neighbouring countries (Latvia and Poland) experience in the development of farmers and producer groups in organizing their activities, identify the best examples of successful opportunities. Economic literature and legal documentation on agricultural production regulation and farmers' cooperated activity was analyzed. In addition, the study also included the semi-standardized interviews with the fruit and vegetable producer groups, managers and consultants. It was found that farmers in Poland and Latvia are more active in binding to the producer groups than in Lithuania, they better use the advantages of EU and national support.

Agricultural co-operation creates opportunities to strengthen their market position, the movement to a higher chain of added value, take the advantage of the common agricultural policy support measures. Development of co-operation in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. One way to improve the situation in this area is to support establishment of producer groups. The aim of the study – according to the analysis of the neighbouring countries (Latvia and Poland) experience in the development of farmers and producer groups in organizing their activities, identify the best examples of successful opportunities. Economic literature and legal documentation on agricultural production regulation and farmers' cooperated activity was analyzed. In addition, the study also included the semi-standardized interviews with the fruit and vegetable producer groups, managers and consultants. It was found that farmers in Poland and Latvia are more active in binding to the producer groups than in Lithuania, they better use the advantages of EU and national support.

Agricultural co-operation creates opportunities to strengthen their market position, the movement to a higher chain of added value, take the advantage of the common agricultural policy support measures. Development of co-operation in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. One way to improve the situation in this area is to support establishment of producer groups. The aim of the study – according to the analysis of the neighbouring countries (Latvia and Poland) experience in the development of farmers and producer groups in organizing their activities, identify the best examples of successful opportunities. Economic literature and legal documentation on agricultural production regulation and farmers' cooperated activity was analyzed. In addition, the study also included the semi-standardized interviews with the fruit and vegetable producer groups, managers and consultants. It was found that farmers in Poland and Latvia are more active in binding to the producer groups than in Lithuania, they better use the advantages of EU and national support.

The article substantiates the expediency of creating a mechanism for protecting relatively small farms, which are so characteristic of the countries of the European Union (in particular Lithuania), in their operations at competitive markets. An ideal solution to the problem may be the creation of producers organisations on the basis of an agricultural cooperatives, although this is not an uncontested option for the desired structure-forming way. The aim of the research is to develop objectives and measures to activate formation of farmers producers' organisations for sustainable agricultural and rural development. The study analyzed the experience of different European Union countries (legal regulations, scientific and statistical sources) in aspects of cooperation and development of producers' organizations. Organizational leaders, institutional policy-makers and specialists from self-governing organizations were interviewed. Also, this experience was compared to the current experience of agricultural business in Ukraine, the search for ways to transfer the best practices.

The article substantiates the expediency of creating a mechanism for protecting relatively small farms, which are so characteristic of the countries of the European Union (in particular Lithuania), in their operations at competitive markets. An ideal solution to the problem may be the creation of producers organisations on the basis of an agricultural cooperatives, although this is not an uncontested option for the desired structure-forming way. The aim of the research is to develop objectives and measures to activate formation of farmers producers' organisations for sustainable agricultural and rural development. The study analyzed the experience of different European Union countries (legal regulations, scientific and statistical sources) in aspects of cooperation and development of producers' organizations. Organizational leaders, institutional policy-makers and specialists from self-governing organizations were interviewed. Also, this experience was compared to the current experience of agricultural business in Ukraine, the search for ways to transfer the best practices.

The article substantiates the expediency of creating a mechanism for protecting relatively small farms, which are so characteristic of the countries of the European Union (in particular Lithuania), in their operations at competitive markets. An ideal solution to the problem may be the creation of producers organisations on the basis of an agricultural cooperatives, although this is not an uncontested option for the desired structure-forming way. The aim of the research is to develop objectives and measures to activate formation of farmers producers' organisations for sustainable agricultural and rural development. The study analyzed the experience of different European Union countries (legal regulations, scientific and statistical sources) in aspects of cooperation and development of producers' organizations. Organizational leaders, institutional policy-makers and specialists from self-governing organizations were interviewed. Also, this experience was compared to the current experience of agricultural business in Ukraine, the search for ways to transfer the best practices.

The article substantiates the expediency of creating a mechanism for protecting relatively small farms, which are so characteristic of the countries of the European Union (in particular Lithuania), in their operations at competitive markets. An ideal solution to the problem may be the creation of producers organisations on the basis of an agricultural cooperatives, although this is not an uncontested option for the desired structure-forming way. The aim of the research is to develop objectives and measures to activate formation of farmers producers' organisations for sustainable agricultural and rural development. The study analyzed the experience of different European Union countries (legal regulations, scientific and statistical sources) in aspects of cooperation and development of producers' organizations. Organizational leaders, institutional policy-makers and specialists from self-governing organizations were interviewed. Also, this experience was compared to the current experience of agricultural business in Ukraine, the search for ways to transfer the best practices.

The paper reviews the theoretical and empirical issues on the measurement of the impacts of the performance of the improved highway infrastructure. It focuses on experience with the notion of the assessment of so called direct benefits associated with the investments rather than the estimation of the indirect ones in context of so popular in practice cost-benefit analysis generating a huge literature in its own right. Raising the issues of validity of the intervention of governments into economics in terms of social justice, the concept of public alternative costs is discussed. Concluding that the inadequate usage of public resources for the formation and development of highway infrastructure may have negative consequences on the dynamics and tendencies of the development of other economic sectors, the question of an adequate, socially and economically reasonable assessment of development is raised. Despite the fact that the cost-benefit analysis is the method by which this concept of efficiency can be applied to publicly supplied good it lacks clarity. In fact, the intangible costs and benefits never enter the analysis. It is suited only for ranking courses of action designed to attain the same ends so the real benefits of decisions will be speculative and uncertain. Taking into account the complexity of the interaction the authors of the article focus on the research of the methodological framework of the evaluation of the benefits of the public in the result highway system modification. The research is based on the improvement of the simplified general equilibrium model which focuses at the price effects of direct changes in transport costs and their measurement. The research results may answer the question if the accomplishment of tasks set for the system or its parts meet the society (which uses or is a neighbor to that infrastructure )needs. Other aspects are going to be excluded from this initial investigation. [.]

The paper reviews the theoretical and empirical issues on the measurement of the impacts of the performance of the improved highway infrastructure. It focuses on experience with the notion of the assessment of so called direct benefits associated with the investments rather than the estimation of the indirect ones in context of so popular in practice cost-benefit analysis generating a huge literature in its own right. Raising the issues of validity of the intervention of governments into economics in terms of social justice, the concept of public alternative costs is discussed. Concluding that the inadequate usage of public resources for the formation and development of highway infrastructure may have negative consequences on the dynamics and tendencies of the development of other economic sectors, the question of an adequate, socially and economically reasonable assessment of development is raised. Despite the fact that the cost-benefit analysis is the method by which this concept of efficiency can be applied to publicly supplied good it lacks clarity. In fact, the intangible costs and benefits never enter the analysis. It is suited only for ranking courses of action designed to attain the same ends so the real benefits of decisions will be speculative and uncertain. Taking into account the complexity of the interaction the authors of the article focus on the research of the methodological framework of the evaluation of the benefits of the public in the result highway system modification. The research is based on the improvement of the simplified general equilibrium model which focuses at the price effects of direct changes in transport costs and their measurement. The research results may answer the question if the accomplishment of tasks set for the system or its parts meet the society (which uses or is a neighbor to that infrastructure )needs. Other aspects are going to be excluded from this initial investigation. [.]