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'Mit der Zusammenführung der Querschnittserhebungen des Mikrozensus 1996 bis 1999 zu einem Paneldatensatz eröffnen sich für die Forschung neue Potenziale. Es entstehen jedoch Probleme durch Panelausfälle, da nach dem Prinzip der Flächenstichprobe die aus dem Auswahlbezirk wegziehenden Haushalte und Personen nicht weiter befragt werden.Der Bericht beschreibt am Beispiel des Besuchs der gymnasialen Oberstufe bis zum Abitur die Analysemöglichkeiten von Bildungsverläufen mit dem Mikrozensuspanel. Die Vergleiche mit der amtlichen Bildungsstatistik und Analysen zur Antwortstabilität weisen auf Erhebungs- und Abgrenzungsprobleme im Mikrozensus hin. Es wird deutlich, dass Schüler bzw. Absolventen allgemein bildender Schulen und beruflicher Schulen nicht den Definitionen entsprechend unterscheidbar sind. Bei der Analyse von Bildungsübergängen werden zur Aufklärung selektiver Ausfälle Pattern-Mixture Modelle verwendet. Die Ergebnisse eines mit der beruflichen Stellung des Familienvorstands zusammenhängenden Ausfalls sprechen für die Annahme bedingt zufälliger Ausfälle ('missing at random'). Es gibt allerdings auch Hinweise auf nicht ignorierbare Ausfallmechanismen, insofern Ausfälle mit dem Status vor dem Ausfall und dem Status beim Ausfall verbunden sind. Werden unter der Annahme bedingt zufälliger Ausfälle gewichtete Analysen zur Zahl der Abiturienten durchgeführt, kann eine gute Anpassung der Ergebnisse des Mikrozensuspanels an die Bildungsstatistik erreicht werden.' (Autorenreferat)

The demand for educated labor force has increased in developing countries like Kenya. Owing to this fact, more often Universities and training colleges in Kenya enroll students who want to further their education. Meeting the minimum entry requirements is key for one to get admitted into an institution of higher learning. However, the use of illegitimate secondary school certificates to join Universities in Kenya has been reported in political and business sectors. Perpetrators of this academic crime have succeeded to an extent of enjoying benefits of higher education, despite there being measures to authenticate secondary school certificates. The aim of this study was to develop a prototype that can be used by institutions of higher learning to authenticate secondary school certificates using QR-Code and digital signatures. Agile software development methodology was adopted to develop the prototype which included; requirements gathering, architecture and design, development and testing. This study targeted the Kenya National Examination Council, research department for data collection. Ten respondents were purposively selected in this department. Questionnaire was used as the main data collection tool for both qualitative and quantitative data. The findings indicated that 87% of respondents said that the current security features on the certificates were not sufficient to prevent document fraud. In addition, 98% said that a computer based system would help in detecting illegitimate certificates. During prototype testing 78% agreed that a computer system was leveraging on the existing methods of authentication. The study recommended the adoption of a computer system by the Kenya National Examination Council to help Universities and Colleges verify and authenticate secondary school certificates before enrollment of new students

The study investigates secondary students' attitude towards junior school certificate (JSC) examination in Bangladesh. The study is mainly quantitative and data was collected in a computable manner through questionnaires. Secondary students who would take the JSC examination were the main data source of the study. Two hundred fifty students (120 male and 130 female) were chosen randomly from ten secondary schools (five private and five government) in Dhaka. The study revealed that secondary students have a positive attitude towards JSC examination. There was no significant difference between male and female students' attitude towards JSC examination. JSC exam had increased students' both quality of study and study time, enhanced students' creativity, and reduced the fear of examination. On the contrary, JSC examination had hampered students' normal life by extra stress, reduced their playtime, and made them dependent on guidebooks for better grades. Therefore, the study suggests changing current JSC examination systems by creating test items focused on creativity and problem-solving tasks to ensure the quality of education in Bangladesh. These findings can inform the government as well as other relevant stakeholders in making necessary changes in the JSC examination in Bangladesh.

Untersuchung über die Funktion des Abschlußzeugnisses der höheren Schule als Zulassungsvoraussetzung für das Hochschulstudium in einigen sozialistischen Ländern. Gegenwärtige Probleme des sozialistischen Bildungssystems und Mutmaßungen über weitere Bildungsstrategien dieser Länder. (BIOst-Gsh)

This study examines the determinants of high school graduation in Australia. It uses two main approaches to estimation. The first of these is a conventional probit model based on a range of family background & demographic variables. This approach is then extended through consideration of a random parameters probit model. The results show that schools matter to the chances of completing high school in Australia. However, the school effects seem to have more to do with the selection of more able students with superior socioeconomic backgrounds than with the independent creation of favorable school or classroom climates. 3 Tables, 1 Appendix, 32 References. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThis study examines the determinants of high school graduation in Australia. It uses two main approaches to estimation. The first of these is a conventional probit model based on a range of family background and demographic variables. This approach is then extended through consideration of a random parameters probit model. The results show that schools matter to the chances of completing high school in Australia. However, the school effects seem to have more to do with the selection of more able students with superior socioeconomic backgrounds than with the independent creation of favourable school or classroom climates.

Secondary-school enrollment and graduation rates increased spectacularly in much of the United States from 1910 to 1940; the advance was particularly rapid from 1920 to 1935 in the nonsouthern states. This increase was uniquely American; no other nation underwent an equivalent change for several decades. States that rapidly expanded their high school enrollments early in the period had greater wealth, more homogeneity of wealth, and less manufacturing activity than others. Factors prompting the expansion include the substantial returns to education early in the century and a responsive "state." This work is based on a newly constructed state-level data set.

'Der schulische Abschluß eines jungen Menschen stellt für den weiteren beruflichen Werdegang, seine 'soziale Positionierung' und seinen gesellschaftlichen Status eine ganz entscheidende Weiche dar. In der jüngsten Zeit wird immer wieder diskutiert, welchen Stellenwert der Hauptschulabschluß noch besitzt, und wie schwierig es für Hauptschulabsolventen/-innen ist, einen Ausbildungsplatz zu finden. Ganz besonders trifft jedoch die ohnehin angespannte Arbeitsmarktlage all diejenigen, die nach Beendigung der Vollzeitschulpflicht, d.h. nach neun bis zehn Vollzeitschuljahren, noch keinen Hauptschulabschluß erlangt haben. Da der Hauptschulabschluß der niedrigste Schulabschluß im Schulsystem ist, sind diese Jugendlichen ohne allgemeinbildenden Schulabschluß. An die Vollzeitschulpflicht schließt sich in Form von beruflichen Schulen die Teilzeitschulpflicht von drei Jahren an. Es besteht für Schulabgänger/-innen zudem noch die Möglichkeit auch weiter an eienr Vollzeitschule zu verbleiben, bzw. an einer beruflichen Schule einen allgemeinbildenden Schulabschluß zu erwerben. Jugendliche ohne Schulabschluß sind nur mit größten Schwierigkeiten auf dem Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmarkt zu integrieren. Die Konsequenzen eines fehlenden Schulabschlusses für die weitere persönliche und berufliche Laufbahn sind weitreichend: angefangen von einem geringen Status der Betroffenen in der Gesellschaft, den geringen Ausbildungs- und Berufschancen, der starken Konjunkturabhängigkeit der Hilfs- und Anlernberufe, in denen diese Gruppe beschäftigt ist, der erhöhten Gefahr von Arbeitslosigkeit und weiteren sozialen Problemen.' (Autorenreferat)

A "School Teacher's Certificate" awarded to Emily A. Babbott by W. B. Jenkins, School Commissioner of Warren County. This certificate was printed by Smith's Print in Monmouth, Illinois and dated July 13, 1853.

The area where a school is located is expected to affect the students' achievement either positively or negatively due to the fact that the location is linked with teachers' retention and provision of necessary school facilities. Thus, distribution of teachers and facilities in the rural schools are not comparable with the urban schools. In most cases, teachers prefer to stay in the schools in urban areas because of the benefits and comforts of the city which include good roads, satisfactory means of communication, availability of books and teaching materials. This study examined the effects of school location, school facilities and resource utilization on students' academic performance in Ogun State senior secondary schools in Nigeria. The sample of the study was made up of 700 respondents from 50 senior secondary schools from 5 local government areas in Ogun State, Nigeria. The sample of the study was selected using the multi-stage sampling procedure. At first, five local government areas (LGAs) were selected through a ballot sampling technique while proportionate sampling technique was used to select fifty senior secondary schools from ninety-one schools in the selected LGAs in the state that had presented candidates for SSCE/WAEC. Simple random sampling technique was then used to select ten (10) teaching staff and three non-teaching staff with the principals of each school being selected. All together, a total of 5 LGAs, 50 senior secondary schools and 700 participants were sampled for the study. An instrument titled 'School Location and Resource Utilization Questionnaire' (SLRVQ) was developed by the researchers with a reliability of 0.76. Data were analyzed using t-test, correlation coefficient and ANOVA. Five null hypotheses were generated and one of the findings revealed that human resources were more available in urban areas than in the rural areas. It was therefore recommended that lots of schools in the rural areas should be improved upon, so that every child irrespective of his or her location will have access to good and quality education in terms of facilities, environment, human and materials resources to ensure better academic performance of the students in Ogun State.

The area where a school is located is expected to affect the students' achievement either positively or negatively due to the fact that the location is linked with teachers' retention and provision of necessary school facilities. Thus, distribution of teachers and facilities in the rural schools are not comparable with the urban schools. In most cases, teachers prefer to stay in the schools in urban areas because of the benefits and comforts of the city which include good roads, satisfactory means of communication, availability of books and teaching materials. This study examined the effects of school location, school facilities and resource utilization on students' academic performance in Ogun State senior secondary schools in Nigeria. The sample of the study was made up of 700 respondents from 50 senior secondary schools from 5 local government areas in Ogun State, Nigeria. The sample of the study was selected using the multi-stage sampling procedure. At first, five local government areas (LGAs) were selected through a ballot sampling technique while proportionate sampling technique was used to select fifty senior secondary schools from ninety-one schools in the selected LGAs in the state that had presented candidates for SSCE/WAEC. Simple random sampling technique was then used to select ten (10) teaching staff and three non-teaching staff with the principals of each school being selected. All together, a total of 5 LGAs, 50 senior secondary schools and 700 participants were sampled for the study. An instrument titled 'School Location and Resource Utilization Questionnaire' (SLRVQ) was developed by the researchers with a reliability of 0.76. Data were analyzed using t-test, correlation coefficient and ANOVA. Five null hypotheses were generated and one of the findings revealed that human resources were more available in urban areas than in the rural areas. It was therefore recommended that lots of schools in the rural areas should be improved upon, so that every child irrespective of his or her location will have access to good and quality education in terms of facilities, environment, human and materials resources to ensure better academic performance of the students in Ogun State.