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There are moments in history, perceived both individually and collectively, in which proposing to imagine—even project—becomes an apparently unattainable task. 2020 took us socially unprepared and, although in some places the current situation is deeply serious while others feel more tolerable, we have a total uncertainty about the future. We can consider that the information that allows us to visualize the indicators leading to situations like the current one is available. However, not all of us have the tools to interpret them, and the voices of those who do have them are not echoed strong enough, unlike those who in spaces of power, political or economic with the means and will to bring fear to wide sectors of the population.

In addition to his military professional duties, from soldier to officer, Gustave Hannezo (1857-1822), developed in Tunisia, from 1886 to 1909, a considerable archaeological activity, rich in excavations, epigraphic reports, and various artifacts, above all in Punic and Roman necropolises of Sousse, where was his main garrison. In the honor hall of his regiment, he installed a Museum, of which he gave in 1902 the catalog, joint with that of the museum of the city. He carried out shorter searches in Salakta, Mahdia, Hadjeb al-Aïoun, Lamta, Sfax, Bizerte, etc., but also during some garrisons in France and campaigns in Algeria. As he went along, he systematically pointed out interesting discoveries to the French Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques (CTHS). He continued after his retirement in France in 1909. Recalled to service since the declaration of war, 1914, August 2th, he monitored digging of trenches in northern France and found various ancient artifacts. Back in his Mâcon home in 1919, he went on publishing synthesis notes about Tunisian ancient cities, until his death in 1922. Many interesting facts could be gleaned in his notes and reports for Tunisian archeology. ; A côté de ses occupations professionnelles, un militaire de carrière sorti du rang, Gustave Hannezo (1857-1822) a développé en Tunisie, de 1886 à 1909, une activité archéologique considérable, riche de fouilles, de signalements épigraphiques, et d'objets divers, notamment dans les nécropoles puniques et romaines de Sousse, où se trouvait sa garnison principale. Dans la salle d'honneur de son régiment, il installa un Musée, dont il donna en 1902 le catalogue joint à celui du musée de la ville. Il fit des recherches de plus courte durée à Salakta, Mahdia, Hadjeb el-Aïoun, Lamta, Sfax, Bizerte, etc., mais aussi lors de garnisons en France et de campagnes en Algérie. Au fur et à mesure, il signalait systématiquement les parties intéressantes au Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Il continua après sa retraite en France en 1909. Rappelé au service dès la déclaration de guerre, le 2 août 1914, il n'oublia pas de surveiller le creusement des tranchées dans le nord de la France et y trouva divers objets antiques. De retour dans son foyer mâconnais en 1919, il continua à publier des notes de synthèse sur des villes tunisiennes, jusqu'à sa mort en 1922. Il reste beaucoup à glaner pour l'archéologie tunisienne dans ses notes et signalements.

The diffusion of archaeology in Panama has been carried out through different media such as newspapers, magazines, television, internet, museums, and archaeological sites, interpretation centers among others, which have been strongly permeated by ideological discourses typical of the political and social context. Dr. Cooke has acted as promoter and disseminator of Panamanian archaeology since 1972. His initiatives link archaeological issues such as early settlement and the dispersion of human groups on the isthmus, the emergence of social inequality, the Pre-Columbian subsistence economy with current problems, all transversal to social and biological sciences such as the exploitation of marine and terrestrial ecosystems, the impact of human groups on these ecosystems, the appropriation of Panamanian archaeological heritage and the cultural continuity demonstrated by molecular genetics. It is the purpose of this article, therefore, to take a non-exhaustive historical journey through the informative experiences of Dr. Cooke not only in the academic field but above all for non-archaeologists. This article is a way to recognize Dr. Cooke's career and highlight his work in public archeology. The informative experiences of Dr. Cooke will allow us to reflect on the current practices of spreading of in Panama and by extension in Latin America. ; La divulgación en arqueología en Panamá se ha realizado a través de diferentes medios; como periódicos, revistas, televisión, internet, museos, yacimientos arqueológicos, centros de interpretación, entre otros, que han estado fuertemente permeados por discursos ideológicos propios del contexto político y social. El Dr. Cooke ha actuado como promotor y divulgador de la arqueología panameña desde 1972. Sus iniciativas vinculan temáticas arqueológicas como el poblamiento temprano y la dispersión de grupos humanos en el istmo, el surgimiento de la desigualdad social, la economía de subsistencia prehispánica con temas contemporáneos y que involucran la arqueología con las ciencias sociales y biológicas; como la explotación de ecosistemas marinos y terrestres, el impacto de los grupos humanos sobre dichos ecosistemas, la apropiación del patrimonio arqueológico panameño y la continuidad cultural demostrada por la genética molecular. Es el propósito de este artículo, por lo tanto, hacer un recorrido histórico no exhaustivo por las experiencias divulgativas del Dr. Cooke, no solo en el ámbito académico, sino, sobre todo, para los no arqueólogos. De igual forma, es una manera de reconocer la trayectoria del Dr. Cooke y resaltar su labor dentro de la arqueología pública. Las experiencias divulgativas del Dr. Cooke permitirán hacer una reflexión sobre las prácticas actuales de divulgación de la arqueología en Panamá y por extensión en Latinoamérica.

El Centro de Producción Buenos Aires (futuro Argentina Televisora Color) fue construido entre 1977 y 1978 en la zona norte de la ciudad por un encargo directo del gobierno militar en el marco de las obras de infraestructura realizadas en todo el país para el Mundial de Fútbol de junio de 1978. A menudo, la obra –proyectada por el estudio de arquitectura M/SG/S/S/V– es señalada por las disciplinas del habitar como uno de los mejores y más inspirados ejemplos de la arquitectura del período. Sin embargo, a pesar de esta presencia constante en los relatos de la época, poco se ha dicho sobre la relación entre ese proyecto y las inflexiones propias del régimen dictatorial que fue su comitente. Encontrar las mediaciones para vincular esta forma construida con los avatares políticos de aquellos años, que perforen en cierta medida la figura de la autonomía disciplinar de la arquitectura y que eviten de igual modo la rápida identificación de una expresividad ideológica en su diseño, es objetivo de este trabajo. Para ello abordaremos una arqueología del predio elegido para su construcción, convencidos de que allí se esconde una de estas posibles articulaciones entre entorno construido y política. ; The "Buenos Aires Production Center" (later Argentina Televisora Color) was built between 1977 and 1978 in the northern area of Buenos Aires federal district. The building was commissioned by the military goverment in the context of the infrastructural works carried out for the 1978 World Cup. Both design and construction were awarded to previously selected architectural firms and contractors without the legitimation of public competitions or biddings. The building –designed by M/SG/S/S/V– has been long regarded by both architectural and urban historians as one of most remarkable of the period. However, little has been said about the necessary connections between this particular project and the dictatorial regime which commissioned it. It is only by questioning the limits of architecture as a discipline that a relationship between built form and political context can be established. While this relationship will be the focus of the present article, it should be researched bearing in mind that no built form can be seen as a direct expression of any given set of political ideas. Therefore, we will attempt to carry out this research as an archeology of the site chosen for the construction of the building, in the belief that this will represent an opportunity to discover the hidden ties that link such building with the particular political context of the military dictatorship. ; Instituto de Historia, Teoría y Praxis de la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

This paper is an attempt to correlate three main aspects of Peruvian archaeology, as a mea ns to provide an evaluation of current situation. lt starts with the premise that politics usually dominates both theory and practice in different levels and modes. This politization tends to recude the scientific character (both theo­retical and methodological) of the discipline, as it priorizes particularisms, the commodification, as well as the "technical" side of the profesional performance of the Peruvian archaeology. This is manifested, among other aspects, in a weak research policy and a severe reduction of scientific production. ; En este trabajo se pretende interrelacionar tres aspectos fundamentales de la arqueología del Perú en un afán de presentar un apretado balance de la situación actual. Se parte de la premisa que la política tiende a dominar tanto la teoría como la práctica, en diferentes niveles y modalidades. Esta politización reduce el carácter científico (metodológico-teórico) de la disciplina ya que prioriza particularismos, la mercantiliza­ción, así como el lado "técnico" del quehacer del arqueólogo peruano que se documenta, entre otros aspectos, en una política de investigación borrosa y una merma preocupante de la producción científica.

This essay, which is derived from a doctoral dissertation on digital culture and communication, outlines conceptual boundaries that are related to politics, focusing on two prefixes: cyber and techno, determining the area of action in following with terminological refinements. It then delves into a discussion on how labels determine the scope of comprehension relating to political participation, impact, and democracy in an online environment. ; Este ensayo, que proviene de una tesis doctoral sobre cultura digital y comunicación, establece delimitaciones conceptuales relacionadas con la política en el marco de los prefijos ciber y tecno, determinando el campo de acción de acuerdo con precisiones terminológicas, por lo que abre una discusión sobre cómo las etiquetas determinan los horizontes de comprensión de la participación política, la incidencia y la democracia en el entorno online.

La simbiosis de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) y la arquitectura ha propiciado el nacimiento de nuevos tipos edificatorios, así como la adherencia a éstos de espacios no masivos pero de gran trascendencia en el orden del territorio. Estos no-lugares tecnológicos han pautado el devenir de los acontecimientos históricos, aunque en muchas ocasiones pasaran desapercibidos. El espacio radiofónico, el WIFI, el espacio de control del tráfico aéreo y marítimo,…etc., alteran las cartografías de la primera naturaleza modelando paisajes ocultos y arquitecturas que responden al desarrollo tecnológico. Este artículo procura una recopilación histórica crítica de edificios surgidos a tenor de la transferencia óptica, eléctrica, electrónica y digital de la información, desde las primitivas infraestructuras castrenses hasta las arquitecturas 'aumentadas' en las cuales el solapamiento de la capa digital con el entorno físico edificado define una nueva arquitectura mediadora. ; The symbiosis between information & communication technologies (ICT) and architecture has led to the birth of new building types, as well as the eventual adherence of these to not bulky areas, but with high relevance in the order of the territory. These technological non-places have scheduled the course of historical events, although they have been often unnoticed. Radio space, WIFI space, air and maritime traffic control space,.etc., all have altered the First Nature cartography modeling hidden landscapes and architectures that respond to technological development. This paper traces critical historic survey on buildings that aroused under the constraints of optical, electrical, electronic and digital information transfers, from primitive military infrastructures to the 'augmented' architectures in which the overlap of digital and physical environment defines a new mediating architecture. ; Sin financiación ; No data JCR 2016 ; No data SJR 2016 ; 0.000 IDR (2016) C4, 94/135 Arte

El presente artículo describe el desarrollo histórico de una línea teórica en el Perú que denominamos arqueología marxista. Dicha arqueología está fundamentada en los escritos de Marx y Engels, aunque como veremos, muchos intelectuales no los leyeron necesariamente desde la ontología y la epistemología materialista dialéctica. Asimismo, se pretende situar a la arqueología marxista dentro de su contexto de producción para entender mejor sus planos sociológico e ideológico. Lo que podemos percibir en nuestro análisis historiográfico, es que cada vez que se quiere describir alguno de los tres momentos del desarrollo de la arqueología marxista aquí planteados, un autor monopolizará la escena arqueológica. En el primer y tercer momento, dicha situación se debe a que fueron arqueólogos orgánicos de los gobiernos peruanos los que asumieron tal protagonismo. En el segundo momento, la inexistencia de una plataforma política ofi­cial opuesta o no concordante con el marxismo, supuso que fuese un autor desligado de los círculos acadé­micos oficiales (dominantes) el que sobresaliese de manera marginal aunque vital para la continuidad de esta forma de hacer arqueología en el Perú del siglo XX. ; This paper describes the historical development of a theoretical trend in Peru that we will cal! Marxist Archaeology. This archaeology is based in the classical writings ofMarx and Engels, althought like we will see many of the authors made different readings of these authors, not necesarilly rooted on the onthology and epysthemology of Dialectical Mmaterialism. In order to get our aim, we loca te this kind of archaeo­logy inside of its production context as a means to understand in a better way its sociological and ideologi­cal perspectives. We will perceive throught our historygraphical analysis that every time that we try to des­cribe any of the studied moments of this marxist archaeology, we willfind one author monopolizing the archaeological scene. We believe that in the case of the first and third moments, this situation was possible because the authors mentioned were organically attached to the peruvian governments. In the second moment, the inexistence of an official political platform concordant or tolerant with the marxism, supos­sed that an author unrrelated with the official (dominant) academic circles will protagonize, althought in a marginal way, this trend, becoming a necessary figure far the continuity of this way of doing archaeology in the Peru of the twentieth century.

Introducción. ; Introduction. ; Vargas Arenas, Iraida ; Apuntes sobre las investigaciones prehistóricas en México y América. ; Aspects of research on prehistoric México and the Americas. ; Bate, Luis F. y Terrazas, Alejandro ; Analogías poderosas: el uso de la analogía para el estudio arqueológico de la complejidad social prehispánica y colonial temprana en el oriente venezolano. ; Powerful analogies: the use of analogy in the study of the archeology of the pre-hispanic social complex and early colonization in the eastern part of Venezuela. ; Navarrete Sánchez, Rodrigo ; Origen de las fachadas geohistóricas de Venezuela. ; Origin of the geohistorical facades in Venezuela. ; Sanoja, Mario ; Arqueología de la región Sicarigua-Los Arangues, estado Lara, Venezuela. ; Archeology in the sicarigua-Los Arangues region in the state of Lara in Venezuela. ; Molina, Luis E. ; La conservación del patrimonio histórico. Nuevas propuestas desde la arqueología a la luz de la democracia participativa y protagónica. ; Conservation of historical ethnicity. New proposals from archeology to participatory democratic competition. ; Vargas Arenas, Iraida ; Recensión. ; Review. ; Meneses Pacheco, Lino Y Gordones Rojas, Gladys ; 285-309 ; trimestral ; Nivel analítico

The article is a review of the main problems of ancient archeology of the Northern black sea region and is structured on a chronological basis. First, we consider the problems of the early period of Greek colonization–VII–V centuries BC. the Main research topics are the causes and nature of colonization. A brief history of concepts – trade and agricultural, and their development in domestic historiography is given. Various views on these problems of researchers are given. A debatable global problem is the Greek-barbarian contacts, one of the aspects of which is the degree of influence of Greek and barbarian cultures on each other. According to tradition, the influence of Greek culture on the natives is significant. But the essence of the term "Hellenization" remains unclear. The question is raised: what is meant by this term? The second side of the issue is the presence of representatives of the local population in ancient centers. The presence of representatives of the local population in ancient cities is determined by the finds of stucco ceramics in urban layers and the presence of burials on Greek necropolises with deviations from the Greek funeral rite. The main question is what was the status of this population.A global problem of the ancient archeology of the Northern black sea region is the study of agricultural Chora. The main problems are the presence of a choir in borysthenes and Olbia, the reasons for the desolation of the Olbia choir in the V century BC. Land belonging to the state – "Tsar's Hora".The problem of the Hellenistic era-IV–II centuries BC. is the crisis of the III century BC. e., reflected in the decline of monetary circulation. The main research area is to identify the causes of the crisis.Problems of Roman times – the Roman Tauric limes, the presence of Roman military forces on the Bosporus. Periodization of the history of the Northern black sea region of the ancient era. ; Статья представляет собой обзор основных проблем античной археологии Северного Причерноморья и структурирована по ...

The article, relying mainly on the data of modern Turkish archeology of the eastern part of Asia Minor, examines the relationship between the state of Urartu and the Eurasian nomads — the Cimmerians and the Scythians, — who migrated through the Caucasus to the Southwest Asia in the VIII–VII c. BC. Particular attention is paid to the contribution of these peoples, primarily the Scythians, to the military defeat of the Urartian Kingdom. Due to the fact that after the latter left the historical scene (no later than 585) its territory was incorporated into Media, the point of view about the decisive role of the Medes in the dismantling of Urartian statehood became widespread in historiography. Meanwhile, archaeological material discovered in recent decades as a result of excavations in the Urartian centers of the Van and neighboring regions of Eastern Turkey, shows the absence of any traces of the activity of the Medes in the layers of destruction and fires of the late VII — early VI c. BC, while the artifacts related to the Scythians (mainly bronze, occasionally iron socketed and spiked arrowheads, as well as horse equipment, decorations in the 'animal style', etc.) are quite numerous there. Along with isolated evidence from written sources, this provides a basis for conclusion about the crucial role of the nomads in suppressing the resistance of the garrisons of most Urartian fortified cities. However, owing to the fact that the Scythians, who sought to expand their predatory campaigns in the Syro–Palestinian direction, did not settle in the occupied territory, it soon came under the political control of the Median state.

The essay proposes the 20th industrial architecture as a topic of particular importance in the context of studies on processes and practices of the legitimation and protection of cultural heritage of the contemporary age. Through a brief historical summary of the evolution of the factory during the Twentieth Century, the author tackles the topic in a glocal perspective, highlighting the need to overcome a western-centred reading and to consider the physical remains of the world industrial heritage as an opportunity to transmit to future generations not only the history of the great productive and technological primates reached by humanity, but also the history of social conflicts, of environmental dramas, of political and cultural failures.

El presente artículo tiene como intención hacer una revisión del pensamiento antropológico y arqueológico de Julio C. Tello durante el desarrollo de su carrera académica, e incidir adicionalmente en la relación que existió entre Julio C. Tello y el gobierno de Augusto B. Le guía. Asimismo, se discutirán cuatro trabajos fundamentales en el pensamiento del citado académico: Wira Kocha (1923), Antiguo Perú. Primera Época (1929), Origen y Desarrollo de las Civilizaciones Prehistóricas Andinas (1942) y Tite Discovery of tite Chavín Culture in Perú (194 3). ; The present paper intends to elabora te a review of the anthropological and archaeological thought ofJulio C. Tello, additionally the relationship between him and the government of Augusto B. Leguía will be addressed. Four key works will be discussed: Wira Kocha (1923), Antiguo Perú. Primera Época (1929), Origen y Desarrollo de las Civilizaciones Prehistóricas Andinas ( 194 2) and Tite Discovery of tite Chavín Culture in Perú (1943).

Built in the years between 1915 and 1918, and located on the west bank of the "Varano" Lake, a bay running along the village of "Cagnano Varano", the "Ivo Monti" seaplane base was erected on a pre-existing medieval settlement which belonged to the Benedictine Monks from the town of "San Nicola Imbuti". During WWI, this seaplane base was turned, from a simple water airport, into a strategic military base for floatplanes. As a matter of fact, the large lagoon could be used as landing spot for the planes sent off to patrol the dalmatic coast, one of the historical regions of Croatia, then controlled by the Austrians. After WWI, after the seaplane became an outdated technology, the "Ivo Monti" base was progressively dismantled and then totally abandoned at the beginning of the 1950s. In 2014, considering the historical relevance of this site and the unmistakable architectural value of its elements, a research framework agreement was signed between the "DICEA" Department of Marche Polytechnic University and the city council of the town hosting the site, aimed at the development of shared scientific research projects revolving around the study, the valorisation, and the restoration of the military complex in question, which had been in a complete state of decay and neglect for too long. The still ongoing research project mentioned presents two main missions: the first is the historical reconstruction, the geometric mapping, and the robustness analysis of the ruins, by studying and faithfully representing the state of deterioration of the building materials and of the facilities; the second is the identification and the testing of potential architectural solutions for the conversion and the reuse of the site and of its facilities.

Built in the years between 1915 and 1918, and located on the west bank of the "Varano" Lake, a bay running along the village of "Cagnano Varano", the "Ivo Monti" seaplane base was erected on a pre-existing medieval settlement which belonged to the Benedictine Monks from the town of "San Nicola Imbuti". During WWI, this seaplane base was turned, from a simple water airport, into a strategic military base for floatplanes. As a matter of fact, the large lagoon could be used as landing spot for the planes sent off to patrol the dalmatic coast, one of the historical regions of Croatia, then controlled by the Austrians. After WWI, after the seaplane became an outdated technology, the "Ivo Monti" base was progressively dismantled and then totally abandoned at the beginning of the 1950s. In 2014, considering the historical relevance of this site and the unmistakable architectural value of its elements, a research framework agreement was signed between the "DICEA" Department of Marche Polytechnic University and the city council of the town hosting the site, aimed at the development of shared scientific research projects revolving around the study, the valorisation, and the restoration of the military complex in question, which had been in a complete state of decay and neglect for too long. The still ongoing research project mentioned presents two main missions: the first is the historical reconstruction, the geometric mapping, and the robustness analysis of the ruins, by studying and faithfully representing the state of deterioration of the building materials and of the facilities; the second is the identification and the testing of potential architectural solutions for the conversion and the reuse of the site and of its facilities.