Suchergebnisse

The paper analyzes the post-socialist industrial development of Serbia and the theoretical and empirical propaedeutics on new industrial policy (under the influence of the EU industrial policy, globalization process and the Fourth Industrial Revolution/4IR). It is indicated the key issues of Serbian industry, explored the strategic perspectives of a new industrial policy of Serbia, and its possible impacts on territorial development.An analytical framework of the globalization theory regarding a new industrial policy has been applied in the paper, as well as the European RIS framework, which was prescribed for the EU accession countries, in preparation of their "Strategy of Smart Specialization"/S3. The paper has indicated global challenges of the new industrial policy under disruptive technological changes, uncertain growth and precarious employment. The global framework for a new industrial policy causes a new spatial configuration, especially in the regions and cities, such as a new production platforms and diffusion of new work-spaces. It indicates a new shift of the possible implications of 4IR and industrial policy to the territorial planning and governance. The real opportunities for the Serbian industrial policy are given in the paper as well as some recommendations for its improvement. ; Editors: Vladica Ristić, Marija Maksin, Slobodanka Đolić, Gordana Dražić

The paper will analyze the post-socialist industrial development of Serbia and the theoretical and empirical propaedeutics on new industrial policy (under the influence of the EU industrial policy, globalization process and the Fourth Industrial Revolution/4IR). It will indicate the key issues of Serbian industry, explore the strategic perspectives of a new industrial policy of Serbia, and its possible impacts on territorial development. An analytical framework of the globalization theory regarding a new industrial policy will be applied in the paper, as well as the European RIS framework, which was prescribed for the EU accession countries, in preparation of their "Strategy of Smart Specialization"/S3. The paper will indicate global challenges of the new industrial policy under disruptive technological changes, uncertain growth and precarious employment. The global framework for a new industrial policy causes a new spatial configuration, especially in the cities, such as a new production platforms and diffusion of new work-spaces. The work becomes less conditioned on distance and space-time continuum. It indicates a new shift of the possible implications of 4IR to the territorial planning and governance. The real opportunities for the Serbian industry will be given in the paper, Serbian S3 and some recommendations for their improvement and territorial governance. ; Editors: Vladica Ristić, Marija Maksin, Slobodanka Đolić, Gordana Dražić

The aim of the paper is to explore the perspectives of the new industrial policy of Serbia (in line with the Fourth Industrial revolution/4IR) and its un/predictable impacts on cities. It will discuss the main requirements of the 4IR (the expected shifts, challenges and effects) and the European concept of the "Research and Innovation Systems"/RIS as the multi-dimensional framework for the national "Strategy of Smart Specialization"/S3. These concepts have an important role for urban development, urban policy and urban economy. The paper indicates that the relationship between the movement and allocation of capital and territoriality of political power is a global challenge, which creates spatial configurations, such as smart cities superstructures, urban mega-projects and infrastructures. It opens the question of how to adapt to the new economic order in line to 4IR, especially due to complexity of globalization risks, shifting boundaries of urban governability, creation of new urban structures, possible conflicts and uncertain self-governance of the cities. A conflict between two different views is often refracted in cities: the logic of capital and territorial (political) decision-making. The interdependence of the globalization and the urbanization can contribute to redefinition of the economic and industrial policies and their impact on reshaping of (smart) urban structures, i.e. governance before urban super-structures. An analytical and conceptual framework of the theory of globalization will be applied in the research of a new Serbian S3 and its impact assessment on urban development. The future Serbian S3 should identify the strategic fields, some innovative products and services, consequent urban changes, and provide a reliable assessment of implementation, bearing in mind the real opportunities for the smart economy (jobless, sustainable, innovative, de-growth, sacrificing growth and deceptive growth) in an underdeveloped country. The paper offers some recommendations for perspectival intelligence-smart thinking about the future, real, and critical planning and governance. ; Editor: Borislav Stojkov

The paper presents possibilities for establishment of a new market-based concept of the urban land management in Serbia in the period of transition. Urban land system and land policy are very important factors for competitiveness of cities in Serbia and initiating changes in this field is a necessity. The article discusses an option for privatization of urban public land and possible establishment and inclusion of leasehold land. Some open questions concerning the choice of the urban land system concept are considered, the possibility of urban land privatization and possibility for the establishment of leasehold of urban public land in Serbia. The paper concludes that there is a lack of political will to fairly solve problems of urban land reforms under the new market conditions. Some current research options suggested a reform based on privatization of public urban land, but there was no research on other options (leasehold for the majority of public land).

This work discusses the possible influences of industrial policy, the EU mining and energy supply policies on the restructuring and sustainable development of these sectors in Serbia, in the period of transition to a market-oriented economy. It points out the necessity to incorporate strategic goals of development of the European area and its economy, by the principles of competitiveness, innovation, entrepreneurship, sustainable development, into the policy of spatial industrial development of the cities throughout Serbia. In order to solve the main problems of long-term industrial development in Serbian towns, it is necessary to adjust the industrial policy with the policy of territorial development of this activity in order to increase the competitiveness. From the aspect of the new policy of competitiveness regarding the European area, it is advised to maximize the ever-growing involvement of the knowledge-based economy, innovations and entrepreneurship or, the socalled 'learning economy', as well as a 'low-carbon economy'. Apart from a sustainable development of the industry, a special role is assigned to the introduction of 'low-carbon sources' into the corporate business strategy, i.e. a reduction of the carbon consumption in industrial activities, by way of applying the 'low carbon criteria' in the decision making process regarding business development issues. Therefore, this essay illustrates the necessity of studying and harmonizing the planning of sustainable spatial development of Serbian industry in accordance with the European policy as defined in the Lisbon Agenda, the Territorial Agenda of EU, the Program of Competitiveness in EU 2007-2012, and by the mining and energy supply policy of the EU. It is essential to explore the ways of including the policy priorities and instruments into spatial organization strategy, into spatial planning and urban policy as well as into some sector policies in Serbia. Dynamic changes in spatial structure of towns and wider areas are in the focus of attention, as well as, the development of new economic poles in urban areas, new locational- spatial forms of industry and economic activity. It is considered that the processes of globalization and market mechanisms have led to the 'break down' of urban structures into numerous specialized and fragmented localities, by way of developing economic clusters and other activities dispersed in a populated structure. The development of new economic poles in towns is a consequence of activating new localities and changing the present territorial organization under the effect of multinational companies and the development of 'knowledge-based' economic activities. In some big towns in Serbia (Belgrade, Novi Sad) the new economic poles – new industrial, commercial, entrepreneurial zones developed systematically or spontaneously in the suburban areas (along highways and main roads) have a major role in spatial development of economic activities and in the planning of territorial organization of certain areas.

In the paper one elaborates the role of economic instruments in the politics of environmental protection and sustainable development. Key elements are pointed out as well as the frameworks for two basic approaches to the uses of economic instruments: commanding - controlled approach (CAC) and market - based instruments (MBI) - an approach based on market mechanisms. The review is given of the experiences in the implementation of economic instruments in the countries of EC, OECD and in the countries in transition and our local experiences in Republic of Serbia. The existing economic instruments are analyzed in the domain of environmental protection in Serbia. It is argued that the economic instruments in the domain of environmental protection and sustainable development in Serbia are not established holistically and effectively, nor defined and that the existing instruments are used with a great limitation. One proposes the adaptation of existing regulations and an introduction of ecological taxation, as a part of marked-based instruments on the principle 'the polluter pays'. . ; U radu se razmatra uloga ekonomskih instrumenata u politici zaštite životne sredine i održivog razvoja. Ukazuje se na ključne elemente i okvire dva osnovna pristupa u korišćenju ekonomskih instrumenata: komandno-kontrolnog i pristupa tržišno-zasnovanim instrumentima. Prikazana su iskustva u primeni ekonomskih instrumenata u zemljama EU, OECD-a, zemljama u tranziciji i domaća iskustva u Republici Srbiji. Analizirani su postojeći ekonomski instrumenti u politici zaštite životne sredine u Srbiji. Konstatuje se da ekonomski instrumenti u zaštiti životne sredine nisu celovito i efikasno ustanovljeni i definisani i da se postojeći instrumenti nedovoljno koriste. Predlaže se prilagođavanje postojeće regulative sa iskustvima EU i uvođenje ekološkog oporezivanja, kao dela tržišno-zasnovanih instrumenata, na principu 'zagađivač plaća'. .

In the paper one elaborates the role of economic instruments in the politics of environmental protection and sustainable development. Key elements are pointed out as well as the frameworks for two basic approaches to the uses of economic instruments: commanding - controlled approach (CAC) and market -based instruments (MBI) -an approach based on market mechanisms. The existing economic instruments in the politics of environmental protection and sustainable development are analyzed in the counties of EC, OECD and in the countries in transition. The review is given of the experiences in the implementation of economic instruments in the countries of EC, OECD and in the countries in transition. ; U članku je obrađena uloga ekonomskih instrumenata u politici zaštite životne sredine i održivi razvoj. Ključni elementi istaknuti su kao okviri za dva osnovna pristupa korisnicima ekonomskih instrumenata: upravljački - kontrolisani pristup (CAC) i instrumenti bazirani na tržištu (MBI) - pristup baziran na tržišnim mehanizmima. Postojeći ekonomski instrumenti u politici zaštite životne sredine i održivi razvoj analiziraju se u zemljama EU, OECD-a i zemljama u tranziciji. Dat je pregled iskustava u vođenju ekonomskih instrumenata u zemljama EU, OECD-a i zemljama u tranziciji.

In the paper one elaborates the role of economic instruments in the politics of environmental protection and sustainable development. Key elements are pointed out as well as the frameworks for two basic approaches to the uses of economic instruments: commanding - controlled approach (CAC) and market -based instruments (MBI) -an approach based on market mechanisms. The review is given of the experiences in the implementation of economic instruments in the countries of EC, OECD and our local experiences in Republic of Serbia. ; U ovom radu se elaborira uloga ekonomskih instrumenata u politici ekološke zaštite i održivog razvoja. Ključni elementi su istaknuti u okviru dva osnovna prilaza korišćenja ekonomskih instrumenata: komandovanje - kontrolni pristup i tržišno orjentisani instrumenti- tržišno orjentisan pristup. Rad je zasnovan na iskustvu u primeni ekonomskih instrumenata u zemljama Evropske zajednice i OECD i iskustva na lokalnom nivou u Srbiji.

In this paper, the capitalization, urban land management and planning routine have been explored. The focus dwells on the praxis and urban planning perspectives as a link and means for realizing the public interest in space and the role of 'urban transplants' as a lever of urban development. It has also been pointed to a certain discrimination of the property status and property rights through the category of 'public interest', which is articulated by way of urban planning. The unfairness of the existing planning system towards private property and 'taxation' of entrepreneurial activities is evident, especially in urban land use i.e. installing the height of the land rent. It is expected that urban planning is competent upon the background of societal democratization, privatization and introduction of market institutions where the perspectives shift towards democratic transformation, the regulatory role and protection of property rights and different actors' interests in using urban land. The conclusion is that changes in the management of urban land are required with recommendations to consider public-private sector partnerships. ; U radu se razmatra kapitalizacija, način upravljanja i planiranja urbanog zemljišta u Srbiji. Ukazuje se na praksu i perspektive urbanističkog planiranja, kao spone i sredstva za sprovođenje "opšteg interesa" u prostoru i ulogu "urbanističkih transplantata" kao poluge urbanog razvoja. Ukazuje se i na izvesnu diskriminaciju statusa svojine i vlasničkih prava preko kategorije "opšteg interesa", koja se artikuliše uz pomoć urbanističkog planiranja. Konstatuje se nepravičnost postojećeg sistema planiranja prema privatnoj svojini i "oporezivanju" preduzetničkih poslovnih aktivnosti u korišćenju građevinskog zemljišta tj. određivanju visine gradske rente. Ocenjuje se da je urbanističko planiranje kompetentno u uslovima demokratizacije društva, privatizacije i izgradnje tržišnih institucija, i da su njegove perspektive u demokratskoj, transformaciji, ka regulatornoj ulozi i zaštiti svojinskih prava i interesa različitih aktera u korišćenju gradskog zemljišta. Zaključuje se da su potrebne promene u načinu upravljanja građevinskim zemljištem u gradovima uz preporuke za partnerstvo javnog i privatnog sektora.

The paper discusses the problems and trends of industrial development on the Serbia in the last time, in the context of resource use and environmental protection. There are recognized possible environmental consequences of industrial development perspectives in the relation to the Spatial plan of Serbia, and in relation to the possible industrial scenaria. Unsustainability trends and process are identified, as follows nonefficiency using nonrenewable resource in the industry, development ecologically highly risk industries, locational and techno - economical dependent industries and projects, opening of the most free zones and treatment (disposal) of industrial waste. There are recognized the needs for integration environmental aspects in the regional planning of Serbia and in industrial development polices, in the regard with principles on sustainable development. ; Na osnovu nalaza o dosadašnjem industrijskom razvoju, planskim prognozama i perspektivama razvoja ove delatnosti i daljeg ugrožavanja kvaliteta životne sredine u Srbiji, ocenjuje se da je potrebna promena postojećeg planskog pristupa u upravljanju prostorom, zaštiti životne sredine i korišćenju resursa. Održivi industrijski razvoj podrazumeva definisanje načina upravljanja razvojem ove delatnosti (na nacionalnom, regionalnom, lokalnom i sektorskom nivou), u skladu sa principima održivog razvoja. Ekološko upravljanje industrijskim razvojem nije moguće bez sagledavanja uticaja planova i projekata na životnu sredinu, socioekonomske i kulturne segmente identifikovanja obaveza i odgovornosti za životnu sredinu. Zbog toga potrebno je definisanje strategije održivog razvoja Srbije, zasnovane na (a) definisanju strategije održivog industrijskog razvoja i zaštite životne sredine, (b) utvrđivanju strategije korišćenja neobnovljivih i delimično obnovljivih resursa, (c) integralnom planiranju prostora gde je industrija jedan od ključnih elemenata prostora, a procena uticaja industrije na životnu sredinu osnovni instrument u planskom upravljanju i obezbeđenju održivog razvoja, (d) principima demokratskog planiranja prostora, (e) proizvodnom eko-restrukturiranju postojeće industrije (na nivou grana i preduzeća) uz povećanje eko-efikasnosti/produktivnosti korišćenja materijalnih inputa (sirovina, energenata, pomoćnih materijala, energije vode), (f) uključivanju javnosti i javnog mnjenja u planiranje i donošenje odluka o industrijskom razvoju i lokaciji preduzeća, i (g) većoj ulozi lokalne zajednice u plansko-razvojnim procedurama i dr.

The implementation of strategic development determination in the coastal zone of Montenegro depends on: (a)local and domestic economy potentials in respect to economic restructuring and privatization; (b)construction land market; (c)possibilities of attracting foreign capital; (d)policies and instruments of development management beyond spatial and urban planning (macroeconomic, investment, credit, fiscal, industrial, environmental, regional, land use, etc) and involving relevant institutions and mechanisms of consequence for activating economic activities and land use. This encompasses the promotion of new regulatory mechanisms, the process of democratic planning, public participation in planning and development decision making. Attracting direct foreign investments is one of basic instruments for the better use of location and urban potentials. The major role should be reserved to joint ventures, B.O.T. investment system, concessions, etc. ; U radu se razmatraju mogućnosti i modeli stranih direktnih ulaganja na atraktivnim lokalitetima u Primorskom pojasu Republike Crne Gore. Ukazuje se da su novije tendencije razvoja ekonomskih aktivnosti i proglašenje zone Mediterana (i Republike Crne Gore) kao slobodnog ekonomskog i trgovinskog prostora, inicirali stratešku alokaciju kapitala i različitih modela stranih ulaganja. Na prostoru Primorskog pojasa Crne Gore izdvojeni su atraktivni lokaliteti za smeštaj industrije na osnovu plansko-razvojne dokumentacije i kriterijuma za izbor lokaliteta (lučko - industrijska zona u Baru, industrijska zona u Grbaljskom polju kod Tivta, manja industrijska zona iznad Sutorinskog polja, manji lokaliteti na području Tivta, lokaliteti u Ulcinjskom polju). Preporučuju se različiti modeli direktnih stranih ulaganja, od kojih bi najveću ulogu mogli da imaju joint venture ulaganja, B.O.T. sistem ulaganja, koncesije i dr.

The aim of this paper is to provide a systematized overview of urban land policy in Serbia, primarily regarding the impact of key contextual factors (historical, institutional, legal, etc.). Various historical and developmental contexts have caused regulation changes concerning construction land and its impact on the urban development in Serbia from the mid-19th century to the beginning of the 1990s. The analysis starts with an overview of the theoretical background of urban development policy and land regulation, followed by a brief reflection on the impact of key historical and legislative factors focused on the post-socialist period. The analysis of the urban land policy in the post-socialist period includes: key legislation; ownership status of construction land and property rights; conversion of ownership status; general policy instruments; key urban land management issues in Serbian cities; and a preliminary evaluation of the implementation effects of the existing urban land system in Serbia. Several research methods have been applied here, viz., the conceptual benchmarking framework for the dominant legal doctrine; a general qualitative analysis of the contemporary context; institutional and comparative analyses, etc. Although the former socialist concept of the welfare state has been transformed into a neoliberal concept in a short period, there is an evident delay in the reforms of the Serbian urban land policy. The paper presents numerous findings regarding the impact of the current system and practice on the general urban land policy in Serbia, while also focusing on the concomitant developments in the Belgrade Area. The paper concludes with the recommendations regarding the harmonisation and innovation of urban land policy and urban development policy in Serbia in the post-socialist era. ; Rad je dostupan na linku http://www.spuds.edu.rs/downloads/2eng.pdf. Realizovan je na bilateralnom naučnom projektu SPUDS - Support to Process of Urban Development in Serbia (2015-2018) [http://p3.snf.ch/Project-160503] sa CODEV - Swiss Cooperation & Development Center at EPFL - the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Swiss, u okviru SCOPES programa uz finansijsku podršku Swiss National Science Foundation, kao i na domaćim istraživačkim projektima. Rad je publikovan i u prevodu originala na srpski jezik u monografiji "Podrška procesu urbanog razvoja", u izdanju Instituta za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije i CODEV - Swiss Cooperation & Development Center at EPFL - the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (2018). ; Editors: Jean-Claude Bolay, Tamara Maričić and Slavka Zeković