Suchergebnisse

The UK Arts Council subsidization & encouragement of the arts must fit within the fine line of "facilitating, rather than controlling, enabling rather than patronizing." The arts are a powerful force in civil society & of economic importance because of their place in the global economy driven by new information technologies. The community arts movement has recognized that enjoyment of the arts, once confined to the educated & wealthy, must reach the general population. Maintaining competitiveness means stimulating creativity within all UK citizens, but subsidization of amateur & community-based culture increases the danger of encroaching on its voluntary character. A "lighter regulatory touch" may involve technology & education. Participation in the growing power of the technologies can encourage interactive relationships & creative engagement in the arts. Giving greater space in the educational curriculum for creativity is necessary for economic competitiveness & the formation of participative citizenship. L. A. Hoffman

Cleary examines the forces that drive China's nuclear policy & the various considerations that shape its direction. The country's national security interests & strategic culture (primarily minimalism, strategic defense, & deliberate ambiguity) are reviewed, showing how they influence the preferences of the Chinese elite with regard to nuclear policy. Of considerable importance to the elite are comprehensive national power, the role of the Communist Party in China's overall development, & a stable security environment. While technology & the economy are not the constraints they once were in nuclear development, it is unlikely that they will be utilized to create a greater nuclear strike force. The country's aim seems to be modernization of its strategic capabilities &, eventually, development of a "small but modern nuclear war-fighting force.". J. Stanton

Explores the relationship between contemporary corporate culture & recent attempts to criticize its increasing growth & influence. Naomi Klein's critique of corporate culture, No Logo (2000), is drawn on to shed light on how cultural corporatism creates a third culture comprising brand names, brand people, & brand-made media. It is argued that capitalist institutions have always been a major site for conspiracy theory, & consumers become part of corporate conspiracy practices by consuming mass-produced objects. Popular forms of conspiracy theory & their links with societal trends are examined to illustrate how they relate to critical engagements with corporate culture & its products. A discussion of how global corporate culture manages to subsume "subvertising" that attempts to undermine the corporate message maintains that even the efforts of "culture jammers" are being incorporated into marketing campaigns, as exemplified by Nike's "I am not/A target market/I am an athlete" campaign. It is contended that contemporary critiques of corporate influence as a form of colonization run into difficulties because they require remembering a time before the occupation. 23 References. J. Lindroth

Considers the role of cultural identity in the contemporary world in a discussion of the possible uses made of this term by international institutions. The notion of cultural identity is transversed by a number of conceptual oppositions, eg, objective/subjective, universal/singular, elite/masses, & permanence/evolving. Difficulties produced by these oppositions can be addressed logically or historically. It is suggested that, in the context of institutions, these difficulties may usefully be organized by the assumption that identity belongs in the realm of subjects, while culture belongs in the realm of institutions. Based on this view, institutions may be charged with adjudicating the distribution of statuses & functions within culture, while the expression of identity in culture may be relegated to the level of personal experience. The usefulness of this distinction for addressing questions related to how institutions should deal with issues of cultural identity is demonstrated. D. M. Smith

Considers the relationship between culture & national identity in Canada in terms of efforts to protect Canadian culture & cultural institutions. How identity is not a mere function of citizenship is briefly addressed; although, it is asserted that the state does have a role in identity. It is then argued that Canadian culture is flourishing & that the government has a critical place in maintaining & advancing this culture. Although Canada cannot escape the fact that it belongs to the US economic space, the government can help maintain a politically & culturally distinct country. Thus, it is contended that in the realm of public policy the government should invest heavily in identity by way of national & local cultural infrastructures. J. Zendejas

Der Beitrag untersucht, in welcher Weise die gesellschaftliche Sicht auf Kinder von der Wahrnehmung, Kinder seien Schulkinder, beeinflusst wird. Darüber hinaus geht es auch um den Einfluss der Institution Schule selbst auf die außerschulischen Aktivitäten von Kindern. Außerdem werden Konzepte der Schulforschung und Kindheitsforschung der vergangenen Jahre diskutiert, die sich mit einer erweiterten Perspektive auf Kinder befasst haben, vor allem im Zusammenhang mit dem Thema der Chancengleichheit sowohl im Bereich der schulischen als auch außerschulischen Aktivitäten. Bei den Betrachtungen geht es um die Forderung an die Soziologie und Bildungsforschung, Schule nicht isoliert zu betrachten, sondern sie immer auch in Beziehung zu setzen zu informellen Lernprozessen. Anhand von rund vierzig Fallstudien in der westlichen Bundesrepublik wird die Filterwirkung der Schule aufgezeigt, die besagt, dass das Denken und Tun von Kindern auch außerhalb der Schule von schulischen Normen beeinflusst wird. Wünschenswert wäre in dieser Hinsicht eine gegenseitige Befruchtung der Schulforschung und der soziologischen Kindheitsforschung. (ICH).

Introduces a section (see abstracts of related chapters) of an edited Vol on the role of cultural framing as a variable in social movement explanation by tracing the development of cultural theory in the social sciences, from the Chicago school, through Geertzian cultural analysis, the analysis of rhetoric & dramaturgy, cognitive processes & framing, & repertoires & tool kits. Social movement theory on the role of cultural framing is discussed in terms of (1) the cultural construction of repertoires of contention & frames; (2) the contribution of cultural contradictions & historical events to the framing process; (3) framing as a strategic activity; (4) competitive processes that represent the context of framing strategies; (5) the role of the mass media in framing strategies; & (6) the intersection of political opportunities & mobilization with framing to shape outcomes of framing competitions. D. M. Smith

Analyzing American publications dealing with the concept of excellent public relations, the authors trace the development of organizational culture and its connection with societal culture, as well as an alyze theoretical and methodological issues of corporate culture and its impact on public relations in an organization. Special attention is paid to some ways in which professional PR departments can be come the source of progressive counter cultures inside the organization capable of changing a prevailing culture in the organization to make it more excellent.

Der Verfasser legt dar, dass Citizenship ein rechtliches Instrument zur Herstellung von "equity and entitlement" darstellt, das ursprünglich an Nationalität gebunden war. Diese basierte auf Territorialität und Sprache und umfasste auch Elemente von Religion und "Rasse". Soziale und kulturelle Faktoren bewirkten in der Folge die Inklusion oder Exklusion von Bürgern. Es zeigt sich, dass das Konzept von Citizenship nur der Form nach universell ist, in verschiedenen politischen Kontexten jedoch etwas ganz Unterschiedliches bedeutet. In der Ersten, Zweiten und Dritten Welt stehen jeweils andere Dimensionen des Konzepts im Mittelpunkt, wobei es auch innerhalb jeder dieser drei Welten noch substanzielle Unterschiede gibt. Hier wirken sich die Geschichte, die Sozialstruktur und die Kultur des einzelnen Nationalstaats aus. Es gibt drei Varianten, in denen sich das Verhältnis von Staat und Bürger historisch gestaltet hat: Hegemonie, Uniformität und Pluralismus. Multireligiöse Gesellschaften wie Indien weisen weitere Bruchlinien zwischen Nationalität und Citizenship auf, wie an der Koexistenz unterschiedlicher Rechtssysteme sichtbar wird. Eine moderne Konzeption von Citizenship kombiniert kommunitaristische, republikanische und individualistische Elemente. (ICE2)