Cette communication utilise le modèle du cadrage pour identifier les logiques de la couverture télévisée des institutions parlementaires. Une analyse empirique comparative de l'information politique relative aux parlements français et britannique en période routinisée permet d'identifier les répertoires de représentations que l'information télévisée propose aux audiences pour interpréter les activités parlementaires. Dans les deux cas, l'information parlementaire télévisée est organisée autour de cadres adversatifs et stratégiques, comme cela a également été observé par les travaux empiriques sur la couverture médiatique du Congrès Américain. On propose en conclusion quelques éléments de discussion sur la contribution du cadrage à la montée de perceptions publiques critiques en connectant les données obtenues sur le cadrage des institutions britanniques et françaises à des tendances d'opinion publique.
summary: III. Distribution of competences/A. The preventive role of the legislative section of the Council of State/B. The powers of the communities/l. enseignement/2. Material culturelles/3. Customisable subjects/C. The competences of the regions/D. The competences of federated entities in criminal matters/E. The instrumental competences of the federated entities/F. Residual competences/G. Implicit competences/H. Cooperation between the federal state and the federated entities/IV. Exercise of judicial function/A. Jurisdiction of judicial bodies/B. Right to an effective judicial remedy/C. Scope of the plea of illegality/D. Separation of powers/V. Local authorities/A. The definition of matters of provincial and municipal interest/B. The intervention of the legislature/l. The powers of the legislator fédéral/2. The competences of the federated entities/VI. Public finances/A. Taxation/B. Budgetary and financial organisation ; SOMMAIRE : III. Répartition des compétences / A. Le rôle préventif de la section de législation du Conseil d'Etat / B. Les compétences des communautés / l. L'enseignement / 2. Les matières culturelles / 3. Les matières personnalisables / C. Les compétences des régions / D. Les compétences des entités fédérées en matière pénale / E. Les compétences instrumentales des entités fédérées / F. Les compétences résiduelles / G. Les compétences implicites / H. La collaboration entre l'Etat fédéral et les entités fédérées / IV. Exercice de la fonction juridictionnelle / A. Compétence des organes juridictionnels / B. Droit à un recours juridictionnel effectif / C. Portée de l'exception d'illégalité / D. Séparation des pouvoirs / V. Pouvoirs locaux / A. La définition des matières d'intérêt provincial et communal / B. L'intervention du pouvoir législatif / l. Les compétences du législateur fédéral / 2. Les compétences des entités fédérées / VI. Finances publiques / A. La fiscalité / B. L'organisation budgétaire et financière
The thesis is divided into two distinct parts. The division is thematic and not chronological. This research is mainly set in the traditions of research that aim to explore the representative functions of accounting.The first part focuses on the protection of the "typical" creditor, symbolic representation of the general interest, savings and "related parties"; it aims to show how accounting has gradually become a social issue when it was decided to replace the unlimited personal liability of the partners with the only guarantee of the capital; the need to protect the public interest against certain practices deemed abusive forces the courts to make decisions that partially shaped accounting.In this judicial and legislative framework, three main forms of actors compete or cooperate; firstly, the businessmen and their conception of accounting oriented towards an anticipation of benefits and a concealment of their accounting methods; secondly, the judges and their decisions which must determine, between incipient anachronism and excessive modernism, the accounting practices they judge the most adapted to the general interest; thirdly, the legislature, to which may belong members of the first category, which oscillates between the defense of categorial interests and the consideration of the general interest. To these are added the commentators, mainly jurisconsults, but also accounting practitioners.In this first part, accounting is often in the hollow of practices and speeches; it is revealed surreptitiously, by successive keys. It is rarely at the heart of intentions; rather, it seems to be a necessary step for social actors, either careless to mention concealed processes, or not inclined to be interested in because it is considered to be too technical or too far away from their concerns or their fields of competence. Accounting thus appears as an object of social legitimation: legitimization of judicial decisions since its interpretation determines the orientation of the Court's judgment; political legitimacy, ...
The thesis is divided into two distinct parts. The division is thematic and not chronological. This research is mainly set in the traditions of research that aim to explore the representative functions of accounting.The first part focuses on the protection of the "typical" creditor, symbolic representation of the general interest, savings and "related parties"; it aims to show how accounting has gradually become a social issue when it was decided to replace the unlimited personal liability of the partners with the only guarantee of the capital; the need to protect the public interest against certain practices deemed abusive forces the courts to make decisions that partially shaped accounting.In this judicial and legislative framework, three main forms of actors compete or cooperate; firstly, the businessmen and their conception of accounting oriented towards an anticipation of benefits and a concealment of their accounting methods; secondly, the judges and their decisions which must determine, between incipient anachronism and excessive modernism, the accounting practices they judge the most adapted to the general interest; thirdly, the legislature, to which may belong members of the first category, which oscillates between the defense of categorial interests and the consideration of the general interest. To these are added the commentators, mainly jurisconsults, but also accounting practitioners.In this first part, accounting is often in the hollow of practices and speeches; it is revealed surreptitiously, by successive keys. It is rarely at the heart of intentions; rather, it seems to be a necessary step for social actors, either careless to mention concealed processes, or not inclined to be interested in because it is considered to be too technical or too far away from their concerns or their fields of competence. Accounting thus appears as an object of social legitimation: legitimization of judicial decisions since its interpretation determines the orientation of the Court's judgment; political legitimacy, ...
The thesis has two main aims. First, it is a methodological and statistical work for lexical analysis. Second, it is a study of the evolution of political discourse of government. We shows that this kind of discourses, constrained by a lot of rules, don't change during this long period because of the influence of composition of political majorities but moves essentially on political subjects trend within period of time larger than the time of a legislature. The methods used permitted to define this periods and to put in evidence their characteristics as "textual time series". The methods used are based on clustering, Monte-Carlo testing, edit (Levenshtein) and Chi2 distances. A generalization of concordances is also proposed. ; Résumé Saisir la politique à travers son discours, mesurer en quelque sorte le discours politique des uns et des autres pour mieux les comparer et mettre en évidence en quoi, au-delà de la lecture immédiate et quotidiennement politique, ces discours nous renseignent sur le fonctionnement de la société, voilà les objectifs que nous nous sommes assignés tout au long de cette recherche. Le plan de l'exposé s'ajuste étroitement à la stratégie de recherche qui vise à mener de front sans jamais les confondre une réflexion sur l'objet (le vocabulaire du discours politique gouvernemental belge tel qu'il s'exprime entre 1944 et 1992 dans la déclaration liminaire à la prise de fonction d'un nouveau cabinet ministériel), sur la méthode (le choix, la critique et éventuellement la construction de méthodes qui sans être nécessairement nouvelles dans leur principe le sont dans leur mise en œuvre) et sur l'interprétation (en distinguant bien les deux sens du mot selon qu'il s'agisse de l'interprétation linguistico-socio-politique ou de l'interprétation statistique). L'application des méthodes statistiques de la lexicométrie à un corpus de textes politiques n'est pas une simple opération mécanique. En effet comme pour toute application statistique dans quelque discipline que ce soit, le fait de soumettre ...
