Suchergebnisse

Is a State Pact for Education in Spain possible? Since 1978 there has been a succession of seven educational laws of an organic nature, enacted and repealed according to the political sign of the party that entered the Government. At present, the new politics has put an end to the current bipartisan model, forcing the parties to establish negotiations in order to achieve power. In order to carry out this research, four units of comparison have been developed that serve to analyze the electoral programs of the parties with the greatest representation in Congress after the last general elections held in November 2019. The objective is to find points in common that could favor consensus or, on the contrary, others that show evidence of the lack of agreements. The selected comparative units are related to proposals that have raised parliamentary or social debate and that, therefore, may hinder the negotiation processes: financing of the educational system, educational inequality, educational freedom and vehicular language of instruction. The article begins by addressing from a historical perspective two key aspects, the left-right ideological confrontation, so marked in Spanish democracy, and the failed attempts of pact carried out in Spain, which allow us to understand the factors that have led to the still non-existence of a state pact. The study continues with a detailed analysis of the political measures on education proposed by the selected parties from the perspective of the comparison units designed. The political polarization within the left-right spectrum, the social pressures and the historical weight of different organizations make us foresee the few possibilities that currently exist in Spain when it comes to reaching a state pact for and in favor of education. ; ¿Es posible un Pacto de Estado por la Educación en España? Desde 1978 se han sucedido siete leyes educativas con carácter orgánico en función del signo político del partido que entrara en el Gobierno. En la actualidad, la nueva política ha ...

The present work tries to approach the social, political and architectural dimension of an institution of great relevance for the history of the Maghreb, the zāwiya. This has largely been a hallmark of the religious life of the Islamic West since the Middle Ages and its physical manifestation, both in the urban and rural world, is remarkable. However, its study throughout the different historical periods is conflicting since, unlike other institutions, the concept has undergone an evolution and its current meaning cannot be extrapolated to past times. Thus, to better understand this aspect, an attempt has been made to define the idea of zāwiya in the Marinid era by means of two significant examples which were sponsored by sultán Abū ʻInān and described by his secretary al-Numayri. In fact, the second of them, located in Salé, is especially revealing, insofar as its archaeological remains have survived to this day. Although very devastated, these vestiges have allowed us to carry out an analysis with the aim of knowing its architectural configuration, the functions it housed and its relationship with the environment. ; El presente trabajo trata de aproximarse a la dimensión social, política y arquitectónica de una institución de gran relevancia para la historia del Magreb, la zāwiya. Esta ha determinado en gran medida la vida religiosa del Occidente islámico desde la Edad Media, de modo que su presencia es significativa tanto en el mundo urbano como el rural. Sin embargo, su estudio a lo largo de los distintos periodos históricos resulta conflictivo ya que, a diferencia de otras instituciones, el concepto ha experimentado una evolución y su significado actual no puede extrapolarse a tiempos pretéritos. Así, para comprender mejor este aspecto, se ha intentado definir la idea de zāwiya en la época meriní por medio de dos ejemplos que fueron emprendidos por el sultán Abū ʻInān y descritos por su secretario al-Numayrī. De hecho, el segundo de ellos, situado en Salé, resulta especialmente revelador, en tanto que sus ...

La presente investigación tiene como objeto abordar la situación actual del tratamiento y reutilización de los recursos hídricos, tanto en España como el Perú. Así, se analizan los aspectos legales y factores sociales, económicos y ambientales que determinan o limitan su avance en ambos países. Considerando, además, los impactos ocasionados por la pandemia, causada por la COVID-19, lo cual exige que los Estados deban garantizar el derecho al acceso de agua segura en cantidad y calidad adecuadas. Por ello, España y el Perú procuran establecer medidas de depuración y reutilización de aguas residuales, para dar atención a la creciente demanda hídrica. Por lo que refiere a España, recientemente, la Unión Europea ha establecido una legislación específica que potencia el uso seguro del agua regenerada en el sector agrícola, en el marco de la economía circular. Por su parte, en el Perú la depuración de aguas residuales y su consecuente reutilización constituyen grandes retos en la agenda política, pues la infraestructura actual de la que dispone el sector saneamiento no es suficiente. ; The present research aims to address the current situation of the treatment and reuse of water resources, both in Spain and Peru. Thus, the legal aspects and social, economic and environmental factors that determine or limit its progress in both countries are analyzed. Considering, in addition, the impacts caused by the pandemic, caused by COVID-19, which requires that States must guarantee the right to access safe water in adequate quantity and quality. For this reason, Spain and Peru are trying to establish measures for the purification and reuse of wastewater, to pay attention to the growing demand for water. With regard to Spain, recently, the European Union has established specific legislation that promotes the safe use of reclaimed water in the agricultural sector, within the framework of the circular economy. For its part, in Peru, wastewater treatment and its consequent reuse constitute great challenges on the political agenda, since the current infrastructure available to the sanitation sector is not enough.

In this work, Rawls's theory is analyzed from a Political Philosophy perspective, analyzing his postulate of justice in relation to the determining aspects such as impartiality, equality, reflective equilibrium, just society, the principles of freedom and inequality, referring to the fact that each person must have a right equal to the most extensive total system of basic freedoms compatible with a similar system of freedom for all, as well as economic and social inequalities must be structured in such a way that they are for the benefit of the least advantaged, in accordance with a principle of fair savings, and linked to positions and functions available to all, under conditions of fair equality of opportunity. ; En este trabajo se analiza la teoría de Rawls desde una perspectiva de la Filosofía Política, analizando su postulado de justicia en relación con los aspectos determinantes como son la imparcialidad, igualdad, el equilibrio reflexivo, la sociedad justa, los principios de libertad y de desigualdad, refiriendo que cada persona ha de tener un derecho igual al más extenso sistema total de libertades básicas compatible con un sistema similar de libertad para todos, así como las desigualdades económicas y sociales han de ser estructuradas de manera que sean para el beneficio de los menos aventajados, de acuerdo con un principio de ahorro justo, y unidos a los cargos y las funciones asequibles a todos, en condiciones de justa igualdad de oportunidades. ; Neste trabalho, a teoria de Rawls é analisada sob a ótica da Filosofia Política, analisando seu postulado de justiça em relação aos aspectos determinantes como imparcialidade, igualdade, equilíbrio reflexivo, sociedade justa, princípios de liberdade e desigualdade., Referindo-se ao fato de que cada pessoa deve ter um direito igual ao mais amplo sistema total de liberdades básicas compatível com um sistema semelhante de liberdade para todos, assim como as desigualdades econômicas e sociais devem ser estruturadas de forma a beneficiarem o mínimo. vantajoso, de acordo com um princípio de economia justa, e vinculado a cargos e funções disponíveis para todos, em condições de igualdade justa de oportunidades.

A key aspect of our democratic societies is the principle of representation. For this reason, countries around the world have established quotas for minorities in electoral politics, giving greater substance to the assumption that in a democracy, every citizen is free to choose and to be elected under the guarantees offered by electoral processes. Nonetheless, the exclusion of some social groups and the infringement of their rights, due to their socioeconomic situation and socio-cultural identity – for example blacks, women, religious and ethnic minorities, and gender groups – are frequently observed. This article therefore reflects on why it is fair to recognize and include the interests of minority groups in the legal system of a country. Discussion is based on the approaches of justice expressed both in John Rawls and in Iris Marion Young. Thus the following lines provide an analytical framework in which the principles of overlapping consensus converge with the idea of differentiated citizenship to recognize the need for special representation through electoral quota laws for minorities. ; Un asunto clave en nuestras sociedades democráticas es el principio de representación. Razón por la cual en países de todo el mundo se han establecido cuotas para minorías en la política electoral, haciendo más real la suposición de que en democracia todo ciudadano es libre de elegir y ser elegido al gozar de garantías durante los procesos electorales. No obstante, es frecuente observar la exclusión y vulneración de grupos sociales como los negros, las mujeres, minorías religiosas y étnicas, junto a las de género por su situación socioeconómica como a su identidad sociocultural. Por lo tanto, en este artículo se reflexiona en torno a por qué es justo reconocer y agregar los intereses de los grupos minoritarios en el ordenamiento jurídico de un país. Todo ello a partir de los planteamientos de justicia expuestos tanto en John Rawls como en Iris Marion Young. Por lo tanto, el articulo provee un marco analítico en el que ...

Public institutions have the task of responding to the needs demanded by society, without appealing to the political parties that govern them. Of all of them, local corporations are the closest to citizens due to the proximity between the institution and public spaces. For this reason, the image they emit must be very careful and, furthermore, have a purpose, not only to transmit a message but also to combine with it the culture, customs and contexts with which they coexist and manage to occupy the common social imaginary that resides in the citizens. The aim of this work is to investigate the importance of transmitting the message and the image conveyed by local public institutions to their citizens through the organization of events, taking on greater importance in the application of protocol, institutional relations and communication. Following a qualitative approach methodology, it has been decided to carry out a comparison of homogeneous events that allow us to discern which are the outstanding aspects that intervene in the transmission of the message depending on the context, scenography, attendees and citizens. ; Las instituciones públicas tienen el menester de responder a las necesidades que reclama la sociedad sin apelar a los partidos políticos que las gobiernan. De entre todas ellas, las corporaciones locales son las más cercanas a la ciudadanía debido a la vecindad existente entre la institución y los espacios públicos. Por ello, la imagen que emiten debe ser muy cuidada y, además, tener un propósito, no solo de transmitir un mensaje sino de aunar con él la cultura, las costumbres, los contextos con los que convive y lograr ocupar el imaginario social común que reside en los ciudadanos. El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar la importancia que adquiere la transmisión del mensaje y la imagen emitida por las instituciones públicas locales a sus ciudadanos mediante la organización de actos, cobrando una mayor importancia en la aplicación del protocolo, las relaciones institucionales y la ...

Introduction: The article addresses the problem of stereotypes and their role in the teaching of intercultural communication. Objective: to examine the characteristics of the teaching of a foreign language, as well as the pedagogical conditions necessary for the productive learning of a foreign language by university students applying the style of scientific discourse on the example of the social and political sphere. Methodology: This linguistic material will allow the formation and development of linguistic and communicative competence among university students, prioritizing training in the area of engineering through categories and logical-semantic descriptors, with particular attention to the functioning of syntactic models. Results: It has been shown that stereotypes can lead to discrimination, which turns inaccurate and negative feelings into unfair actions towards certain people or groups. Conclusion: The aspects of intercultural communication are correctly added to the curriculum in the training curriculum by areas of knowledge to avoid a culture shock during communication. ; Introducción: El artículo aborda la problemática de los estereotipos y su papel en la enseñanza de la comunicación intercultural. Objetivo: examinar las características de la enseñanza de una lengua extranjera, así como las condiciones pedagógicas necesarias para el aprendizaje productivo de una lengua extranjera por parte de los estudiantes universitarios aplicando el estilo del discurso científico sobre el ejemplo de la esfera social y política. Metodología: Este material lingüístico permitirá formar y desarrollar la competencia lingüística y comunicativa entre los estudiantes universitarios priorizando la formación en el área de ingeniería mediante categorías y descriptores lógico-semánticos, con particular atención al funcionamiento de los modelos sintácticos. Resultados: Se ha demostrado que los estereotipos pueden conducir a la discriminación, que convierte los sentimientos inexactos y negativos en acciones injustas hacia determinadas personas o grupos. Conclusión: Los aspectos de la comunicación intercultural se agregan correctamente al plan de estudios en el currículo de formación por áreas de conocimiento para evitar un choque cultural durante la comunicación.

This article considers the genesis and development of Buddhism in Japan from the age of Nara to the Tokugawa period. Revealing the problems of the first six philosophical and religious schools of academic Buddhism, namely Kusha, Sanron, Jōjitsu, Hosso, Risshu and Kegon, the authors of the article sought to fully explore the basic foundations of the philosophy of each of them, delve into the linguistic nuances of Japanese and Sanskrit terms, touching on such aspects like dharma, dukha, anatmavada, shunyata or emptiness, the "two truths" of the Buddha's teachings, etc. The text focuses on the role of Buddhism in the Nara period, it explores the main purpose of monks and the system of "local" temples which was not only an intellectual support of that era, but also played the role of an important military force. Drawing an analogy with the philosophy of the Rinzai-shu and Soto-shu schools, the authors analyze the expansion of the line of succession in Zen by monitoring the formation of groups of thinkers, their development and emergence of cultural capital through long-term discussions and continuous reflection over several generations. The work pays special attention to significant figures in Japanese Buddhism, it outlines the role of philosophical creativity, examines the social and religious transformations that occur over different eras and periods. The question of redistribution of power and basic economic resources, suppression of Buddhism, emergence of anti-Buddhist positions and formation of new doctrines are touched upon. As a result of the study, the genesis of Buddhism was described through the prism of Japanese culture, the trajectory of its development from inception to transformation processes in new trends as well as social phenomena that sometimes gave rise to a creative or destructive tendency and influenced the course of history. The authors note that Japanese society that tends to a greater extent towards abstraction and aesthetic pleasure managed to assimilate to the new realities of life and new teachings with pinpoint accuracy, transforming Buddhism into its culture and polishing and refining it in the Japanese style.

The issue of modern communication on the Internet in the aspect of the idea of the transformation of youth values, in particular the idea of individualism as a characteristic feature of youth in the XXI century is considered in the article. The work was carried out with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the EISR within the framework of scientific project No. 21-011-31221. The aim of the study is to consider the lexical representation of the ideas of individualism and collectivism in Internet communication as two conceptual views on life. The methods of component, contextual, interpretive types of analysis are used to study neologisms that have appeared in the Russian language in the last 20 years as nominations new for Russian reality associated with manifestations of individualism and collectivism in Internet interaction. It is emphasized that social networks have become a special space for youth communication, which created new conditions for the emergence and development of previously unknown forms of communication, such as influencers, cyberbullying, shaming, guerrilla marketing, etc. The meanings of new words and their speech use are analyzed. The results show that the ideas about the individualism of modern youth are not as unambiguous as it might seem at first glance. It is proved that a number of new words, such as influencer, ambassadorship, evangelism, etc., which name phenomena that seem to be associated with individualistic manifestations of personality, actualize the semantics of a person's dependence on public opinion, likes and dislikes, approval of followers, etc., and not opposing oneself to the collective, as presented in the definition of the word individualism. It is noted that at the same time, a person's desire to unite with other people in social networks has not disappeared anywhere, it manifests itself in the formation of communities, groups, in communication on forums, however, it has acquired the form of unstable ties, since there are few serious grounds for unification. The data of linguistic analysis partially verify the results of studies of individualism obtained by sociologists, educators, psychologists and other representatives of other sciences.

The article analyzes the party-political aspects of populism in the Slovak Republic. The structural distinction between the parties of systemic mainstream and populism has come to the forefront of Slovakia's party-political development. The aim of the article is to highlight the specifics of the phenomenon of populism, its forms and party representatives in Slovakia. Considering the emergence and electoral success of populist parties, there is a need to emphasize the complexity of the phenomenon of populism in the modern Slovak Republic. Populists do not have clear ideological attitudes. they use the maxims of various ideological doctrines, which are based on practical needs. The distinction between systemic and populist parties is becoming more complicated today, as their positions on a number of important political issues have converged recently

In the process of post-communist development in the Slovak Republic there was a transition from radical forms of populist politics through nationalism and authoritarianism to more moderate tendencies. Populist parties in the CEE countries, and in particular in the Slovak Republic, are characterized by the following features: opposition of the elite and the people based on moral grounds, desire to act as defenders of the people's interests; anti-immigration, Eurosceptic, anti-globalization orientation of the messages; low level of institutionalization, etc. The main forms of manifestation of Slovak populism are determined: social, national, charismatic, centrist, far-right populism.

The article emphasizes that the key trend is the growth of populism in the election campaigns of Slovak parties and competition on the market of populist slogans. Protest calls, social demagoguery, and national populism are electorally perceptible issues that are being pursued by both the opposition and ruling political force. The parliamentary elections of 2020, which can be characterized as «triumph of populism», were an important stage for the development of the party system in Slovakia. The success of the populists and the defeat of the liberal parties in the 2020 elections testify to the crisis of systemic politics and democratic institutions in general, which poses risks to the stable development of Slovakia.

AbstractIntroductionThe meaningful involvement of persons affected by a disease is a unique aspect of the HIV response that places people living with (PLHIV) and those directly affected by HIV (peers) at the centre of the design, development and implementation of service delivery and research and policy making. The principle of greater involvement of PLHIV (GIPA) has and will increasingly ensure equitable access to services and engagement of marginalized groups in the HIV response, and to health services more broadly. This paper describes the history, current place in the HIV response and potential future role of PLHIV and communities in health responses.DiscussionHistorically, the role of communities of PLHIV and peers in service delivery, research and drug development, advocacy, social and political accountability, resource mobilization and social and human rights protection is well documented. Their leadership and engagement have contributed directly to improved outcomes in access to HIV treatment, prevention, support and care services around the world. Their continued and expanded role is especially important for the future success of HIV responses in sub‐Saharan Africa, where the HIV burden remains the greatest. The lessons learned from the leadership and involvement of communities of PLHIV and peers in the HIV response hold value beyond HIV responses. The models and approaches they have efficiently and effectively utilized have relevant applications in addressing shortfalls in health systems in the COVID‐19 era, as well as broader, more integrated health challenges as countries move to develop and operationalize universal health coverage (UHC). However, neither HIV nor other health and development targets can be met if their contributions are not adequately recognized, valued and funded.ConclusionsThe past three decades have demonstrated that communities of PLHIV and their peers are instrumental in sustaining engagement and advocacy for health equity and financing for health and ensuring that the human rights of all people are recognized and upheld. Quality and effective integration of health systems and UHC can be more effectively designed, implemented and sustained with communities of PLHIV and peers at the centre.

Economic development itself is defined as a continuous process that has the aim of increasing a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and per capita income of a country's population in the long term which has an impact on various aspects, both economic, social, and science and technology. The purpose of economic development in Indonesia is not only to increase per capita income but also to accelerate economic growth. Technological advances as a result of this development will also improve the quality of human resources, improve community welfare, reduce inequality, and reduce unemployment. The government continues to face various forms of economic development problems in Indonesia, including high unemployment, rampant poverty, high population, inflation resulting in low purchasing power, low productivity resulting in low per capita income, and export commodities dominated by the primary sector. Today, the development of Islamic economics, both in academia and practice, is very important to pay attention to. This is also related to how to develop thoughts and applications of the Islamic economic system in Indonesia. Various perspectives in the field of Islamic economics associated with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) themselves were created to answer the demands of world leadership in overcoming poverty, inequality and climate change in the form of real action. Establish a set of targets that can be applied universally and can be measured in balancing the three dimensions of sustainable development such as environmental, social and economic. Islamic economic objectives in several points of view are philosophical goals consisting of Al-Falah (holistic prosperity) and Maqasid al-Shariah and operational objectives consisting of increasing faith, creating maslahah, preventing concentration of wealth, and avoiding dangerous activities and even distribution. On the basis of this Islamic economic objective, the response was the issuance of a Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk as a product of the government through the Ministry of Finance to serve as an alternative to increasing Islamic-based economic development. The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative method with literature review. Through this article, we will try to discuss how this cash waqf linked sukuk can be used as an alternative for sustainable Islamic economic development. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's).

As the first step in rethinking infrastructure configurations and their alternatives, this thesis aims at looking into the existing policy framework that governs electricity supply in Khartoum, its implementation and how it's experienced by Khartoum's residents. By zooming into one locality in Khartoum, the "Eastern Nile Locality", the research has attempted to analyse the ways with which the limited electricity infrastructure is planned and allocated through its translation into policy frameworks in neighbouring areas falling under different zoning classification that correspond to their residents' income brackets. Review of the policy framework was conducted firstly, using a mix of desktop research and interviews with officials from the relevant institutions, investigating the key guidelines that govern electricity distribution across the various residential zones in terms of no/access to the grid, tariff regimes, contractual arrangements, alternative configurations and so on. The second part of the research was using ethnographic research methodologies to examine users' experience of electricity supply in its material and non-material dimensions. The studied cases revealed three main user categories; firstly, those grid-connected via the standard producers set by the Electricity Distribution Company. The second are those gridconnected via emerging models that could be classified as micro-financed co-production gridconnection. The third are those who remain off-grid and follow alternative routes. These varying regimes of service delivery are experienced by Khartoum residents on multiple levels, the most significant of which are firstly linked to users' experience of electricity as an unrivalled energy form that could be converted into a multiplicity of other forms, or its functional dimension as a modern technology that dis/enables greater space-time manipulation. Secondly, its more symbolic or representational aspects and their translation into social codes that define modern citizens and modernized states. Lastly, users' experience has pointed to the close link that the users make between electricity and the different relations that they form in their endeavors to access power services as in the different set of financial, legal, institutional and social relations and their implications in shaping subjectivities and articulating political positions.

175 páginas ; El presente informe de investigación presenta los resultados obtenidos de la implementación de una estrategia de enseñanza basada en la Educación Matemática Crítica (EMC), orientada a mejorar el aprendizaje significativo de los estudiantes en el área. La estrategia se implementó en el instituto Unibán con estudiantes del grado 6B, en el municipio de Apartadó - departamento de Antioquia. Esta propuesta surge dados los bajos resultados de los estudiantes en evaluaciones externas e internas, así como su desmotivación, aspectos relacionados con una enseñanza tradicional que dista del contexto y los intereses de los estudiantes. El diseño metodológico se orientó desde la perspectiva de investigación - acción educativa. Los principales resultados de la investigación se sintetizan en: incremento en la motivación de los estudiantes, mayor comprensión y aplicación de las matemáticas para solucionar situaciones del contexto, transversalización y articulación de las matemáticas con otras áreas, aprovechamiento del contexto social, cultural y político como fuente principal de aprendizaje. ; This research report presents the results obtained from the implementation of a teaching strategy based on Critical Mathematical Education (CME), aimed at improving the meaningful learning of students in the area. The strategy was implemented at the Unibán institute with grade 6B students, in the municipality of Apartadó - department of Antioquia. This proposal arises given the low results of the students in external and internal evaluations, as well as their demotivation, aspects related to a traditional teaching that is far from the context and the interests of the students. The methodological design was oriented from the perspective of research - educational action. The main results of the research are synthesized in: increase in the motivation of the students, greater understanding and application of mathematics to solve context situations, mainstreaming and articulation of mathematics with other areas, and taking advantage of the social, cultural and political contexts as the main source of learning. Keywords: meaningful learning, Critical Mathematical Education (CME), context, cooperative work, collaborative work, transversality, and motivation. ; Maestría en Pedagogía e Investigación en el Aula ; Magíster en Pedagogía e Investigación en el Aula (Virtual)

The Roman forensic complex has been defined as the space of maximum political and social expression of its urban world, especially in its provincial aspect, where it should reflect the own dominion that Rome exercised over the territory. Within these groups, the aedes is situated as a privileged building, dominating a monumentalized and hierarchical landscape in which a special care will be placed in the choice and combination of the materials, elements and symbology of each of the buildings on the forum. Its significance as the maximum exponent of forensic spaces place it, as it could not be otherwise, as the image of its city, its population and its territory. In this sense, the comparative analysis of all the templar buildings found in the Betic and Hispanic forensic context will provide us with the possibility of knowing how the government of the provinces was articulated, the proper organization or categorization of their cities based on their functions political-administrative, the difference between the elites of the small municipia and the capital of the provincial demarcations themselves, and even the general comparison of the three Hispanic provinces. ; El complejo forense romano ha sido definido como el espacio de máxima expresión política y social de su mundo urbano, especialmente en su vertiente provincial, donde debía reflejar el propio dominio que Roma ejercía sobre el territorio. Dentro de estos conjuntos, la aedes se sitúa con un edificio privilegiado, dominando un paisaje monumentalizado y jerarquizado en el cual se pondrá un especial celo en la elección y combinación de los materiales, elementos y simbología de cada uno de los edificios del forum. Su significación como máximo exponente de los espacios forenses lo sitúan, como no podía ser de otro modo, como la propia imagen de su ciudad, su población y su territorio. En este sentido, el análisis comparativo de todos los edificios templares constatados en el contexto forense bético e hispano nos aportará la posibilidad de conocer de qué manera ...