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Cet ouvrage interroge la problematique des interactions en situations interculturelles de facon comparative et interculturelle sur differents terrains (communication ordinaire, situation d'apprentissage des langues, de mediation), en questionnant les competences linguistiques, pragmatiques et les valeurs culturelles a l'oeuvre en situation de communication exolingue. La premiere partie regroupe des articles dans le domaine de l'analyse pragmatique des interactions et de l'analyse conversationnelle, qui ont en commun le choix d'une approche dite comparative ou contrastive . Cette approche pa

For geo-economists, space is the decisive and explanatory factor in the economic interaction between regions. Moreover, space can be a variable added to other classical variables (economy, politics, society, etc.) to explain the impact of the activities of one region (region, country, city, etc.) on another region. The development of a spatial economic theory consists mainly in understanding the form and method of distribution of economic data, as it allows people to understand the location of production activities and the choice of the economic agglomeration process. More attractive regions with dynamic activities (with regional advantages in terms of resources, climatic conditions, infrastructure, etc.) can make neighboring regions dynamic, efficient and contribute more, as this can make the region poor and unattractive. The economic development of a region cannot be explained solely on the basis of the internal and specific factors of the region, because the geographical distribution of employment is not random. Therefore, an agricultural region can, for example, stimulate employment in its neighboring countries. Industrial area. For this reason, we try in this work, while respecting the theoretical principles of spatial econometrics, to test for the existence of interregional economic dependence or interaction, to distribute the 12 Moroccan regions globally according to their level of employment, and to see whether regions with high or low economic levels are located close to regions with similar or different levels. Next, we will use a few descriptive variables to describe the local pattern of the unemployment rate. ; L'espace est le facteur décisif et explicatif de l'interaction économique entre les régions pour les géo-économistes. En outre que l'espace peut être une variable ajoutée à d'autres variables classiques (économie, politique, société, etc.) pour expliquer l'impact des activités d'une région (région, pays, ville, etc.) sur une autre région. La mise en place d'une théorie économique spatiale consiste principalement à comprendre la forme et la méthode de distribution des données économiques, car elles permettent aux gens de comprendre la localisation des activités de production et le choix du processus d'agglomération économique. Des régions plus attractives avec des activités dynamiques (avec des avantages régionaux en termes de ressources, de conditions climatiques, d'infrastructures, etc.) peuvent rendre les régions voisines dynamiques, efficaces et contribuées davantage, car cela peut rendre la région pauvre et peu attractive. Le développement économique d'une région ne peut s'expliquer uniquement sur la base des facteurs internes et spécifiques de la région, car la répartition géographique de l'emploi n'est pas aléatoire. Par conséquent, une région agricole peut, par exemple, stimuler l'emploi dans ses pays voisins. Zone industrielle. Pour cette raison, nous essayons dans ce travail, tout en respectant les principes théoriquesd'économétrie spatiale de tester l'existence d'une dépendance ou d'une interaction économique interrégionale, répartir globalement les 12 régions marocaines en fonction de leur niveau d'emploi, et voir si les régions avec des niveaux économiques élevés ou faibles sont situées à proximité de régions avec des niveaux similaires ou différents. Ensuite, nous utiliserons quelques variables descriptives pour décrire le modèle local du taux de chômage.

Participation has regained a remarkable presence in the academic debates within Communication and Media Studies, amongst other fields and disciplines. At the same time, the concept of participation has remained vague because of its frequent and diverse usages and its intrinsically political nature, which renders it difficult to use in an academic context. Conceptual clarity is generated through a combination of negative-relationist and interdisciplinary strategies. The former means that an argument is made in favour of a more focussed meaning of participation, on the basis of a comparison with two other concepts, access and interaction. The interdisciplinary strategy consists of a broad theoretical re-reading that focuses on the academic literature where these distinctions are made, or where the independent nature of one of the three concepts is particularly emphasized. At the end of this text, the different meanings of access, interaction and participation are structured, and integrated in a model, which is labelled the AIP model. ; Le web 2.0 a redonné au concept de participation une pertinence pourles études sur les médias et sur la communication. La participation est fréquemmentemployée dans les textes académiques à propos des réalités médiatées et plus précisémentdans celles liées aux médias en ligne. Cet engouement éprouvé par les chercheurss'accompagne souvent d'un manque d'élaboration théorique du concept de participation,ce qui fragilise les recherches empiriques portant sur les pratiques participatives dans et àtravers les médias. Ce chapitre se propose de renforcer l'ossature théorique du conceptde participation par l'utilisation d'un point de vue négativo-relativiste et interdisciplinairepermettant de distinguer accès, interaction et participation. La mise en débat définitionnellepermet de mettre en évidence le lien étroit existant entre participation, pouvoir et prisede décisions, tandis que l'accès et l'interaction sont envisagés comme des conditionspréalables à la participation. La comparaison conceptuelle mène au développement dumodèle aip permettant de cartographier les différentes significations des concepts d'accès,d'interaction et de participation.

My reflection on current language practices in martiniquaise crèches and kindergartens. I am interested in identifying the arrangements for daily interaction in these spaces and, more specifically, the intentional distortions that may occur during exchanges between adults and children. Taking account of the diversity resulting from the distortions identified is, in my view, a prerequisite for developing a dynamic of intercomprehension necessary for the maturation of language and learning practices among the very small in Martinique. This work proposes new arrangements under a teaching contract that takes into account the diversity of children and adults. This contract is intended to provide pupils and teachers with the conditions for active interunderstanding. It is also a question of contributing to the reflection on a linguistic policy in the context of cultural diversity. ; International audience My reflection is about language practices in nurseries and pre elementary schools of Martinique. I am interested by noticing modalities about daily interactions in those areas, particularly by intentional distortions we can find in adult and child exchanges. Taking in consideration diversity from collected distortions is in opinion a prerequisite to dynamic of a necessary reciprocal comprehension for maturation of language and learning behaviors among small children in Martinique. This work proposes new patterns in a didactic agreement considering adult and child diversities. This agreement must offer to pupils and teachers favorable conditions to an active reciprocal understanding. That is moreover a contribution to reflection on a linguistic politic in context of cultural diversity. ; My reflection on current language practices in martiniquaise crèches and kindergartens. I am interested in identifying the arrangements for daily interaction in these spaces and, more specifically, the intentional distortions that may occur during exchanges between adults and children. Taking account of the diversity resulting from ...

The article shows how societal transformations participate in the institutionalization of subjective interactions coming from the private sphere but nevertheless contributing to strengthen public action. The comprehensive approach to societal phenomena enables us to understand the decisive role of individuation processes in the inexhaustible capacity for the renewal of lifestyles. The concept of transduction emphasizes the necessary transactional dimension of democracy to promote their institutionalization. To that end the article examines the articulation between individual concerns and collective problematization. Based on the analysis of current socio-economic situations, the article offers an understantind of the necessary renewal of institutions.Key-words: societal transformations, institutionalization, individuation, transduction, collective intelligence, public action. ; L'article montre comment les transformations sociétales contribuent à l'institutionnalisation des interactions subjectives qui, issues de la sphère privée, participent néanmoins au déploiement de l'action publique. L'approche compréhensive des phénomènes sociétaux permet de cerner le rôle décisif des processus d'individuation dans l'inépuisable capacité de renouvellement des modes de vie. Le concept de transduction souligne alors la nécessaire dimension transactionnelle de la démocratie pour favoriser leur institutionnalisation. Ainsi l'article propose une réflexion sur l'articulation entre préoccupations individuelles et problématisations collectives. En s'appuyant sur l'analyse de situations issues du contexte socio-économique actuel, il livre sa lecture du nécessaire ressourcement des institutions. Mots-clés : transformations sociétales, institutionnalisation, individuation, transduction, intelligence collective, action publique. Abstract : The article shows how societal transformations participate in the institutionalization of subjective interactions coming from the private sphere but nevertheless contributing to strengthen public ...

The article shows how societal transformations participate in the institutionalization of subjective interactions coming from the private sphere but nevertheless contributing to strengthen public action. The comprehensive approach to societal phenomena enables us to understand the decisive role of individuation processes in the inexhaustible capacity for the renewal of lifestyles. The concept of transduction emphasizes the necessary transactional dimension of democracy to promote their institutionalization. To that end the article examines the articulation between individual concerns and collective problematization. Based on the analysis of current socio-economic situations, the article offers an understantind of the necessary renewal of institutions.Key-words: societal transformations, institutionalization, individuation, transduction, collective intelligence, public action. ; L'article montre comment les transformations sociétales contribuent à l'institutionnalisation des interactions subjectives qui, issues de la sphère privée, participent néanmoins au déploiement de l'action publique. L'approche compréhensive des phénomènes sociétaux permet de cerner le rôle décisif des processus d'individuation dans l'inépuisable capacité de renouvellement des modes de vie. Le concept de transduction souligne alors la nécessaire dimension transactionnelle de la démocratie pour favoriser leur institutionnalisation. Ainsi l'article propose une réflexion sur l'articulation entre préoccupations individuelles et problématisations collectives. En s'appuyant sur l'analyse de situations issues du contexte socio-économique actuel, il livre sa lecture du nécessaire ressourcement des institutions. Mots-clés : transformations sociétales, institutionnalisation, individuation, transduction, intelligence collective, action publique. Abstract : The article shows how societal transformations participate in the institutionalization of subjective interactions coming from the private sphere but nevertheless contributing to strengthen public action. The comprehensive approach to societal phenomena enables us to understand the decisive role of individuation processes in the inexhaustible capacity for the renewal of lifestyles. The concept of transduction emphasizes the necessary transactional dimension of democracy to promote their institutionalization. To that end the article examines the articulation between individual concerns and collective problematization. Based on the analysis of current socioeconomic situations, the article offers an understantind of the necessary renewal of institutions.

The article shows how societal transformations participate in the institutionalization of subjective interactions coming from the private sphere but nevertheless contributing to strengthen public action. The comprehensive approach to societal phenomena enables us to understand the decisive role of individuation processes in the inexhaustible capacity for the renewal of lifestyles. The concept of transduction emphasizes the necessary transactional dimension of democracy to promote their institutionalization. To that end the article examines the articulation between individual concerns and collective problematization. Based on the analysis of current socio-economic situations, the article offers an understantind of the necessary renewal of institutions.Key-words: societal transformations, institutionalization, individuation, transduction, collective intelligence, public action. ; L'article montre comment les transformations sociétales contribuent à l'institutionnalisation des interactions subjectives qui, issues de la sphère privée, participent néanmoins au déploiement de l'action publique. L'approche compréhensive des phénomènes sociétaux permet de cerner le rôle décisif des processus d'individuation dans l'inépuisable capacité de renouvellement des modes de vie. Le concept de transduction souligne alors la nécessaire dimension transactionnelle de la démocratie pour favoriser leur institutionnalisation. Ainsi l'article propose une réflexion sur l'articulation entre préoccupations individuelles et problématisations collectives. En s'appuyant sur l'analyse de situations issues du contexte socio-économique actuel, il livre sa lecture du nécessaire ressourcement des institutions. Mots-clés : transformations sociétales, institutionnalisation, individuation, transduction, intelligence collective, action publique. Abstract : The article shows how societal transformations participate in the institutionalization of subjective interactions coming from the private sphere but nevertheless contributing to strengthen public action. The comprehensive approach to societal phenomena enables us to understand the decisive role of individuation processes in the inexhaustible capacity for the renewal of lifestyles. The concept of transduction emphasizes the necessary transactional dimension of democracy to promote their institutionalization. To that end the article examines the articulation between individual concerns and collective problematization. Based on the analysis of current socioeconomic situations, the article offers an understantind of the necessary renewal of institutions.

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The effect of small dipolar interactions in solutions is examined. Prigogine, Bellemans and Englert's theory of solutions is applied quite generally to interpret this effect in solutions of molecules of different sizes and different central interactions. Pure dipolar interactions and inductive forces in binary solutions containing one polar constituent are discussed. The theory is in good agreement with experimental data on the excess functions of the system CHCl3 — CCl4.

The main theme of the article arises from an analysis of the two key concepts of integration & interaction for Serbia. This thought process presents the role of this country as a major geostrategic pivot for South-East Europe, while in parallel representing a factor for synergy & readjustment of the balance between international players.

Delivering citizenship education and pass down at school values that are essential to uphold social and political cohesion are burning issues in the French society, especially in these times of crisis. In what way do verbal interactions occurring in didactic context participate in this undertaking? To answer this issue, we put together a corpus made up of the transcripts of eight lessons observed in 3rd cycle classes located in south east of France. These data will be analysed with pluralist tools, united by a sociolinguistic approach. We aim to show how verbal interactions contribute to shape citizens, particularly by allowing co-construction of meaning, conflict regulation, otherness encounter, as well as plurality and variation awareness-raising. ; L'éducation à la citoyenneté et la transmission par l'école des valeurs essentielles au maintien de la cohésion sociale et politique sont des questions socialement vives dans le contexte de crise qui caractérise, dit-on, la société française. En quoi les interactions verbales en contexte didactique participent-elles de cette entreprise ? Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons construit un corpus constitué de la transcription de huit séances menées dans des classes de cycle 3 du sud est de la France, que nous analyserons en mobilisant des outils d'investigation pluriels, fédérés par l'engagement dans une démarche sociolinguistique. Il s'agira de montrer comment les interactions verbales, en permettant notamment la co-construction des objets du sens, la régulation des conflits, la rencontre de l'altérité, ou encore la conscientisation de la pluralité et de la variation, pourraient favoriser la formation des citoyens de demain.