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The current research extends propositions from uses and gratifications, the technology acceptance model, and the expectancy-value perspective and attempts to explain audience connections to the 360° or multimodal content provider (news organization). The findings suggest a strong connection between surveillance gratifications and ritualistic media use on attitudes or perceptual orientations toward the news organization; this in turn mediates and best predicts satisfaction with the 360° news experience. The overall findings also suggest a branding effect or an extension of the audience's television news perceptions to the multimodal content provided by the news organization.

This article compares different sampling methods and sample sizes for content analyzing news on an online news aggregator. Consistent with previous research focusing on traditional media, constructed week sampling is more efficient than simple random sampling or consecutive day sampling. However, while a single constructed week allows reliable estimates of content in a population of six months of newspaper editions, at least two constructed weeks, and as many as five constructed weeks, are needed to accurately represent online news content gathered during the same period, depending on the type of variables being analyzed.

This study attempts to replicate recent findings suggesting a reversal of the standard knowledge gap, i.e., that the relationship between television news use and knowledge is greater among those with less than with more education. We also extend this approach to examine need for cognition and campaign interest as additional moderators beyond the standard education-based analysis. Our results reveal mixed support for the general hypothesis that the pattern of interaction between these moderators and news media use varies depending on whether the medium of interest is television news or print newspapers.

Although "globalization" has been widely addressed in the tradition of international communication, media reporting of it has not gained much attention in the globalization debate. This study is designed to collect some empirical evidence on the meaning construction of the 1997 Asian economic crisis and the International Monetary Fund bailouts within the context of the newly emerged "globalization" news paradigm. The examination of major themes, described causes and solutions to the crisis, and story context of five countries' news reports helps to detect the existence of a pro-neoliberal news frame.

In light of evidence indicating that political attitudes are driven in part by attitudes toward fundamentalist Christians, this study examines the potential role of media coverage in influencing these attitudes. A content analysis of a probability sample of 2,696 articles drawn from Lexis-Nexis indicates a relatively stable and slightly negative portrayal of fundamentalist Christians since 1980. The amount and type of depictions differed by geographical region as well as by type of newspaper article. Also emerging from the data was a trend toward the meshing of religion and politics. Implications of such coverage are discussed.

This article analyzes U.S. news media coverage of foreign disasters, using a new data set on disasters, and incorporates variables representing several possible contextual influenceson the amount of coverage. The most notable aspect of the results produced in this analysis is that when the magnitude of the event is controlled for, the only contextual influence that demonstrates the expected relationship with the amount of coverage is the distance from the United States. Several of the other contextual factors that have been argued to be significant determinants of international flows of news are not significant in the analysis.

The launch of New York Newsday in 1983 was doomed to failure, regardless of the newspaper's promise and its natural expansion from Newsday's Long Island base into New York City. Theplan for profitability advocated by senior management was approved by its parent, Times Mirror, which welcomed a presence in the highly visible New York market, already dominated by three other daily newspapers. However, the effects of media conglomeration on Times Mirror for bottom line results would pull the plug on the New York venture that was nearing its provisional term and beginning to show positive results.

This exploratory study of forty dailies found a negative relationship between the number of radio and television stations and daily newspaper ROP advertising. A weaker relationship was found between number of radio and television stations and total advertising linage in daily newspapers. The markets used here varied greatly in competition's impact on linage. It appears intermedia advertising is monopolistically competitive with some media being better at some types of advertising than others. These results hold implications for antitrust actions because the growth in newspaper clusters is basedon the assumption that intermedia competition is extensive in newspaper markets.

This research examines the hypothesis that people infer public opinion by relying on their own subjective assessments of media content, such as perceived news slant, coupled with their own presumptions about the effects of such content on others. The hypothesis was tested with an experimental design manipulating story slant and base rate information for two issues. Results supported the persuasive press inference, even when content included base rate information contrary to story slant. However, there was some evidence that for some types of news stories the projection of personal opinion might diminish the direct effect of slant.

Recent experiments have shown that examples presented in media coverage exercise a strong influence on recipient judgments. We investigated the question of just how these examples, or exemplars, are utilized in journalistic accounts by studying certain magazine shows on German television. Results demonstrate a ubiquitous use of exemplars confirming the angle from which a story has been presented. Exemplars are often presented along with vague generalizations, which leave the viewer little chance of judging the scope or importance of an issue. This leads to the question: Rather than illustrating an issue, do exemplars create it in the first place?

An important dimension of agenda setting is the way in which the media frame the issues and events they present to the public. This article focuses on one of the most important dimensions of framing: choice of information source—the selections journalists make from among the many possible and potential holders of information of those sources whose information and viewpoints will actually be included in the news. In particular, this content analysis often years of three southern newspapers focuses on the inclusion of female sources in newspaper stories and analyzes whether the gender of the reporter affects that inclusion.

This content analysis of the New York Times and review of NAACP records documents strategic use of advertising in the New York Times by the civil rights movement between 1955 and 1961. The advertisements are scrutinized in light of theories of social movements, communication, and sociology, and the history of the civil rights movement. The ads framed the civil rights movement to prime the audience to receive radical messages from marginalized speakers, to encourage media legitimization of the movement, to popularize movement goals, and to mobilize support and resources beyond the South.

From 1513 to 1640, news pamphlets informed and entertained the English. Such publications have been difficult to identify and little has been written about them. More than 1,200 pamphlets were identified by reviewing entries in the Short Title Catalogue. They were then analyzed by numbers produced and subject matter. Factors that news pamphlets may share with modern news formats - including subject matter, sales methods, and newsgathering techniques - are described. Their characteristic tone is also examined. It is suggested that news pamphlets may help media historians examine what is universal about the news and what is culturally influenced.

Certain events, seen as newsworthy because they involve deviance, serve as triggers for intermedia agenda setting on side issues with very specific results in terms of both volume and valence of ensuing stories, not directly related to the triggering events themseves. This content analysis examines one such case. Media reports of deviant acts by members of the clergy have risen dramatically in recent years. This study examines the changes in trends, in the aftermath of deviant acts by individual members of the clergy, given that such acts are "triggering events" for further negative stories.

When a company wants to spread its ideas, it faces key choices of format and source. It may choose to buy advertising space or to work with media reporters to generate news coverage. The source may be a corporate official, such as the CEO, or it may be an outside, noncommercial authority. The experiment reported in this study suggests that news stories may be more effective than ads. A CEO appears more persuasive than an outside authority because the CEO can generate more interest among the audience. Persuasion, in turn, may lead to behavioral changes.