Suchergebnisse

1 Anodic Protection of Metals—A Technique Whose Time Has Come -- Many Protective Methods Are Used -- Anodic Protection Used Effectively -- Protection of Alloy Steel Important -- Strategic and Absolute Factors Bearing on Materials -- Substitute Alloys for Chromium -- Prices of Substitute Alloys Increase -- Corrosion Protection Is Necessary -- Contamination Control Important -- Ecological Considerations Are Important -- Energy-Conservation Values -- Applications and Limitations -- Limitations Can Be Anticipated -- Installation Expense Factors -- Rapid Development Anticipated -- References -- 2 Anodic Protection of Industrial Equipment -- Sulfuric Acid Applications -- Protection of Sulfuric Acid Storage Equipment -- Summary -- References -- 3 Equipment for Anodic Protection -- Characteristics of Electrodes -- Reference-Electrode Designs -- Electronic Control and Power Supplies -- Summary -- References -- 4 Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Anodic Protection Systems -- Design Requirements -- Installation and Start-up -- Location of Power Supply and Controller -- Start-up Procedures -- Operation and Maintenance Parameters -- How to Take Solution Samples -- Commercial Units Reliable -- Summary -- References -- 5 Economic Evaluation of Anodic Protection -- Known Costs of Anodic Protection -- Current Costs of Protecting Steel Tanks Against Sulfuric Acid -- Summary -- References -- 6 Principles of Anodic Protection -- Electrochemical Description of Passivity -- Characteristics of Anodic-Polarization Curves -- The Passive Metal Layer -- Proposed Mechanism of Iron Passivity -- Metal Passivity Breakdown -- References -- 7 The Potentiostat -- Potentiostat Mode -- Development of the Potentiostat -- Solid-State Potentiostats -- Commercial Electronic Potentiostats -- Portable/Field Potentiostat -- Summary Comments on Potentiostatic Mode -- The Potentiostat -- References -- 8 Laboratory Tests and Procedures -- Wiring Sequence for Potentiostatic Experiments -- Reproducibility of Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic-Polarization Measurements -- Polarization Cells -- Elevated-Pressure Polarization Cells -- Proposed Experimental Procedure -- Experimental Procedure -- High-Temperature Polarization Cells -- Crevice Corrosion Testing Polarization Cells -- Summary -- References -- 9 Selected Examples of Anodic Protection -- Alloy Evaluation -- Alloy Effects -- Concentration Effects -- Temperature Effects -- Environmental Effects -- Preliminary Investigations Are Necessary -- Time Effects -- References -- 10 Future Uses for Anodic Protection -- A Realm of Probability -- The Sufficiently Real Possibilities -- Potentiostatic Conditioning of Electrodes -- The Electrochemical-Conditioning Concept -- References -- Appendixes -- I Electrochemical Principles of Corrosion -- Corrosion -- Electrode Terminology -- Potential Series -- Nernst Equation -- The Electrical Double Layer -- Free Energy -- Polarization Diagrams -- Electrochemical Equivalents of Metals -- Conversion Factors -- Partial Electrochemical Equivalent -- References -- II Glossary -- III Historical Development -- IV United States Patents Relating to Anodic Protection -- V Bibliography.

1 Protection of Superalloys for Turbine Application -- Protection System Selection -- Classification -- Processing Techniques -- Pack Coatings: Fundamental Aspects -- Coating Degradation -- Testing and Inspection -- Coating Performance -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 2 Hydrogen Embrittlement and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Uranium and Uranium Alloys -- Systems that Embrittle and/or Stress Corrosion Crack -- Effect of the Environment on Embrittlement and Stress Corrosion Cracking in Uranium and Uranium Alloys -- The Effects of Metallurgical Parameters on Embrittlement and Stress Corrosion Cracking -- Mechanisms -- Protective Coatings -- Summary -- References -- 3 The Polarization Resistance Technique for Measuring Corrosion Currents -- Historic Development -- Derivation of Basic Equations -- The Constant in the Equation -- The Question of Linearity -- Limitations and Problems -- Experimental Techniques and Instrumentation -- Applications of Polarization Resistance Technique -- Related Techniques -- References Related to the Polarization Resistance Technique -- Related References.

The objective of this study is to put forth an exploratory growth model of urban primacy. Based on a historical Kenyan case study, the series of interrelated and recursive growth processes that lead to polarization in primate cities of urban based economic activities in colonial spatial systems are described

This collection of essays illuminates the experiences of pre-20th-century Latin American women....There is surprisingly rich information about Indian and black women....The diverse patterns of family roles and sex polarizations, trends in the feminist movement, and women's political participation are themes of significant importance in the essays. A welcome contribution to women's studies and to Latin American history, expecially since there is little available in English covering this

I: Physics and Energy -- Perspective on Pakistan's Energy Problems -- World Energy Problems -- Long-Term Energy Systems and the Role of Nuclear and Solar Energy -- Laser Produced Nuclear Fusion -- Latest Trends in the Economics of Nuclear Power -- Role of Nuclear Energy with Particular Reference to Western Europe -- Some Topics in Reactor Physics -- Nuclear Non-Proliferation -- Unified Neutron Transport Theory -- II: Physics and Technology -- Amorphous Semiconductors -- Solar Energy Materials -- III: Computational Methods in Physics -- Computational Methods in Physics -- IV: Physics and Frontiers of Knowledge -- Observational Traits of Black Holes in the Optical Band -- The Role of Polarization in Microscopic Physics -- Fundamental Constituents of Matter and Unification of Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions -- V: Science and Development -- Science and Development -- Appendix I: List of Invited Seminar Speakers -- Appendix II: List of Seminars -- Appendix III: List of Participants.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- Introduction -- PART I: FOUNDATIONS FOR POWERFUL ENVIRONMENTS -- 1 Bridging Theory and Practice Larry -- Early Approaches: Pygmalion Pioneers -- Current Strategies -- The Theory-Practice Gulf -- Polarization Between Theories -- Professional Hyperspecialization -- Toward A Holistic Synergy -- The Psychoeducational Model -- References -- 2 The Interpersonal Relationship: Reaching the Reluctant -- Relationship Defined -- Impediments to Relationship -- Stages in Relationship-Building -- Removing Barriers to Communication -- Enhancing the Adult as a Social Reinforcer -- Providing Appropriate Models -- Reflections on the Power of Love -- References -- 3 The Group Culture: Responsible Youth Participation -- The Youth Subculture -- The Adult Monopoly on Helping -- The Tyranny of Peers -- Effective and Dysfunctional Groups -- Issues in Group Management -- Involving Children and Youth -- References -- 4 The Organizational Ethos: From Tension to Teamwork -- The Rise of the Bureaucracy -- The Dysfunctional Organization -- Theories of Organizational Bedlam -- Hierarchical Versus Participative Organizations -- Organizing for Total Teamwork -- The Teamwork Primacy Model -- Parents as Partners in Teamwork -- References -- PART II: FORMATS FOR TEACHING AND TREATMENT -- 5 Psychoeducational Management: Individualizing Treatment -- The Development of the Psychoeducational Model -- Differential Diagnosis and Treatment -- Managing Immediate Behavior -- Systematic Behavior Modification -- Crisis Management -- Affective Re-education -- Social Skills Training -- References -- 6 The Life-Space Interview: A Re-examination -- A Resurgence of Interest -- Applications of the Life-Space Interview -- The Problem-Solving Process -- Modifying the LSI for Developmentally Immature Children

1 General considerations on fluorescence spectrometry -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Molecular photochemistry -- 1.3 Fluorescence instrumentation -- 1.4 Good spectroscopic practice -- 1.5 Fluorescence intensities -- 1.6 Nomenclature in fluorescence spectrometry -- 2 Monochromator wavelength calibration -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Characteristics of calibration methods -- 2.3 Use of spectral lines from the spectrometer light source -- 2.4 Use of an auxiliary light source -- 2.5 Use of narrow bandwidth fluorescence maxima of inorganic and organic solutes -- 2.6 Conclusions and recommendations -- 3 Stray light in fluorescence spectrometers -- 3.1 Origins of stray light and resultant errors -- 3.2 Stray light in grating monochromators -- 3.3 Summary and recommendations -- 4 Criteria for fluorescence spectrometer sensitivity -- 4.1 Background: inter-instrument comparisons -- 4.2 The limit of detection method -- 4.3 The signal-to-noise ratio method -- 4.4 Summary and recommendations -- 5 Inner filter effects, sample cells and their geometry in fluorescence spectrometry -- 5.1 Inner filter effects -- 5.2 Sample cells -- 5.3 Recommendations -- 6 Temperature effects and photodecomposition in fluorescence spectrometry -- 6.1 Errors caused by temperature effects -- 6.2 Countermeasures and recommendations for temperature effects -- 6.3 Errors caused by photolysis effects -- 6.4 Countermeasures and recommendations -- 7 Correction o excitation and emission spectra -- 7.1 Introduction: the need for correction procedures -- 7.2 Excitation spectra -- 7.3 Emission spectra -- 7.4 Polarization effects -- 7.5 Recommendations -- 8 The determination of quantum yields -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Primary methods of determining quantum yields -- 8.3 Secondary methods of determining quantum yields: use of fluorescence standards -- 8.4 Other methods of determining quantum yields -- 8.5 Summary and recommendations -- Appendix Corrected excitation and emission spectra.

1 Introduction: Mineral Resources and Exploration -- 1.1 Growth in Mineral Production -- 1.2 Metal Prices -- 1.3 Patterns of Production and Consumption -- 1.4 The Nature of Mineral Exploration -- 1.5 Mining and the Environment -- 2 Geological Mapping and Prospecting -- 2.1 The Importance of Geological Mapping and Prospecting -- 2.2 Traditional Prospecting Methods -- 3 Photogeology and Remote Sensing -- 3.1 Photogeology -- 3.2 Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) -- 3.3 Satellite Photographs and Imagery -- 3.4 Thermal Imagery -- 3.5 Other Remote Detection Methods -- 3.6 Air Sampling Methods -- 4 Geochemical Prospecting -- 4.1 Distribution of Elements -- 4.2 Primary Dispersion -- 4.3 Secondary Dispersion -- 4.4 Soil Types -- 4.5 Statistical Treatment of Data -- 4.6 Drainage Surveys -- 4.7 Soil Surveys -- 4.8 Vegetation and Water Surveys -- 4.9 Analytical Methods -- 5 Deep Sampling Methods -- 5.1 Pitting and Trenching -- 5.2 Auger Drilling -- 5.3 Hand-Held Percussion Drills -- 5.4 Wagon Drilling -- 5.5 Banka Drilling -- 6 Geophysical Prospecting -- 6.1 Gravity Surveying -- 6.2 Magnetic Surveying -- 6.3 Resistivity Surveys -- 6.4 Induced Polarization (IP) Surveys -- 6.5 Electromagnetic (EM) Surveying -- 6.6 Self-Potential (SP) Surveys -- 6.7 Equipotential (EP) Surveys -- 6.8 Magneto-Telluric (MT) Surveys -- 6.9 Seismic Methods -- 6.10 Radiometric Surveying -- 6.11 Geothermal Methods -- 6.12 Well-Logging Techniques -- 7 Drilling Methods -- 7.1 Percussion Drilling -- 7.2 Churn Drilling -- 7.3 Diamond Drilling -- 7.4 Rotary Drilling -- 8 Surveying -- 8.1 Chaining -- 8.2 Compass and Tape Surveys -- 8.3 Determination of Elevation -- 8.4 Plane Table Surveying -- 8.5 Surveying Calculations -- 8.6 Measurements with a Theodolite -- 8.7 Measurement of Distance -- 8.8 Astronomical Surveying -- 9 Ore Reserve Calculations -- 9.1 Ore and Ore Reserves -- 9.2 Plan Methods -- 9.3 Cross-Sectional Methods -- 9.4 Steeply Dipping Ore Bodies -- 9.5 Ore Bodies of Variable Dip -- 9.6 Use of Ore Blocks -- 9.7 Cut-Off Grades -- 9.8 Tonnage Factor -- 9.9 Sampling for Grade Determination -- 10 Evaluation of Prospects -- 10.1 Mineral Dressing -- 10.2 Smelting and Refining of Ores -- 10.3 Mining Methods -- 10.4 Economic Feasibility Studies -- 10.5 Examination of Properties.

1 Fundamentals -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Wave mechanics -- 1.4 Transition elements -- 1.5 Atomic magnetism -- 1.6 Electrons in solids -- 2 Structure of Solids -- 2.1 Introduction—atomic bonding -- 2.2 Crystal structure -- 2.3 Lattice planes and directions -- 2.4 Atomic packing -- 2.5 Covalent solids -- 2.6 Ionic solids -- 2.7 Summary -- 2.8 Lattice imperfections -- 2.9 Lattice vibrations -- 2.10 Point defects -- 2.11 Line defects -- 2.12 Plane defects -- 2.13 Amorphous materials -- 3 Preparation of Materials -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mechanism of crystal growth -- 3.3 Growth from the melt -- 3.4 Non-melt techniques -- 3.5 Thin films -- 3.6 The origin of dislocations during crystal growth -- 3.7 Non-crystalline materials -- 3.8 Amorphous semiconductors -- 3.9 Plastic materials -- 4 Practical Determination of Structure -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Theoretical X-ray diffraction -- 4.3 Practical X-ray diffraction -- 4.4 Other applications of X-ray diffraction -- 4.5 Neutron diffraction -- 4.6 Electron diffraction -- 4.7 Structure of amorphous materials -- 4.8 Other techniques -- 5 Mechanical Properties of Materials -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Mechanical testing -- 5.3 Elastic behaviour -- 5.4 Plastic behaviour -- 5.5 Fracture -- 5.6 Strengthening of materials -- 5.7 Creep -- 5.8 Mechanical properties of plastics -- 6 Thermal Properties -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Thermal statistics -- 6.3 Heat capacity -- 6.4 Specific heat anomalies -- 6.5 Thermal expansion -- 6.6 Thermal conductivity -- 6.7 Thermoelectricity -- 7 Electrical Properties -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Metals -- 7.3 Semiconductors -- 7.4 Transition metal compounds -- 7.5 Polarons -- 7.6 Magnetic semiconductors -- 7.7 Amorphous materials -- 7.8 Switching -- 8 Dielectrics -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Mechanisms of polarization -- 8.3 The local field -- 8.4 The Clausius-Mosotti relation -- 8.5 Dielectric relaxation -- 8.6 Applications -- 8.7 Piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric materials -- 8.8 Piezoelectricity -- 8.9 Ferroelectricity -- 8.10 Classification of ferroelectric materials -- 8.11 Barium titanate -- 8.12 Ferroelectric ceramics -- 8.13 Ferroelectric domains -- 8.14 Pyroelectricity -- 9 Magnetic Properties -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Classification of magnetic materials -- 9.3 Diamagnetism -- 9.4 Paramagnetism 187 9.4.1 Pauli paramagnetism -- 9.5 Ferromagnetism -- 9.6 Magnetic anisotropy -- 9.7 Magnetostriction -- 9.8 Ferromagnetic domains -- 9.9 Microscopic explanations of ferromagnetism -- 9.10 Applications of ferromagnetic materials -- 9.11 Antiferromagnetism -- 9.12 Antiferromagnetic compounds -- 9.13 Antiferromagnetic domains -- 9.14 Ferrimagnetism -- 9.15 Ferrimagnetic domains—magnetic bubbles -- 9.16 Magnetic ceramics -- 9.17 Applications of ferrimagnetic materials -- 10 Optical Properties -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Refractive index -- 10.3 Absorption -- 10.4 Reflection -- 10.5 Natural birefringence -- 10.6 Induced birefringence -- 10.7 Non-linear optics -- 10.8 Secondary processes -- 10.9 Lasers -- 11 Superconductivity -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Resistanceless and superconducting states -- 11.3 Superconductivity -- 11.4 Penetration depth -- 11.5 The two-fluid model -- 11.6 The intermediate state -- 11.7 Coherence length -- 11.8 Type II superconductors -- 11.9 Theory of superconductivity -- 11.10 Superconducting materials and their applications -- Appendix I Electrons in Solids -- A1.1 The free electron model -- A1.2 The band model -- A1.3 Electrons and holes-effective mass -- Appendix II Periodic Chart of the Elements -- Appendix III List of the Elements -- Table of Physical Constants -- Answers to Questions.

1 Stimulating One's own Creativity -- 2 The Transistor -- Early Semiconductor Research -- The Bell Laboratories Program -- Preparations for the Transistor Announcement -- Patent Precautions -- The Transistor Announcement -- The Benefits -- From Surface States to Solid State -- The Double-Dimple Transistor -- Transistor Applications -- Leaving the Beaten Track -- 3 Electronic Music -- Musical Tones -- Harmonic Analysis -- The First Electric Organ -- The Early Days of Radio -- Radio and Electronic Music -- Electronic Developments -- Pitch Stabilization -- Doctoral Research -- The Formant Concept -- Visible Speech -- Formants and Hallformanten -- Engineering Thesis -- The Baldwin Electronic Organ -- Church Organists' Views -- Formants and Pipe Organ Mixtures -- Several Electrical Musical Analogues -- Electronic Door Chimes -- Radar and High-Frequency Loudspeakers -- Modern Electronic Music -- 4 Lasers -- The Laser -- Laser Fundamentals -- The Metastable State -- The Two-Step Process -- Gas Lasers -- Semiconductor Lasers -- Alignment -- Distance and Length Measurements -- Lasers in Machine Tool Applications -- Interferometric Detection of Footprints -- Lasers in the Supermarket -- Drilling and Welding Applications -- Identification -- Fabric Cutting -- Medical Applications -- Communicating with Light -- Video Disks -- Laser Fusion -- Interdisciplinary Innovation -- 5 Traits -- Help for the Young -- The Value of Praise and Encouragement -- The Value of Creativity for Children -- Other Traits of Creative Youngsters -- Interest in Problems -- Chess-Playing Traits -- Chess Problem Composing -- Computer Chess -- Music -- Religion -- Authorship -- Age -- Needs -- 6 Waveguides -- Early Radio Transmission -- Microwave Waveguides -- The Waveguide as a Transmission Medium -- Phase and Group Velocities -- Long-Distance Transmission -- Millimeter Wavelengths -- The Circular Electric Mode -- Recent Field Tests -- Waveguides and Coaxial Cables -- Dielectric Waveguides -- Metallic Dielectric Waveguides -- Electron Bunching -- Bunchers and Catchers -- Ideal Bunching -- Klystrons -- Velocity Modulation of Waves -- Radar Breakdown Problems -- Wave Coding -- Corrugated Sound-Wave Waveguides -- Pulse Compression Tests -- Chirp -- Natural Waveguides -- Underwater Waveguides -- The SOFAR Channel -- SOFAR Localization -- Nonexplosive Acoustic Uses -- Acoustic Atmospheric Waveguides -- Waveguide Junctions -- Tee Junctions -- Hybrid Junctions -- The Magic Waveguide Junction -- 7 Lenses -- Velocity Focusing -- A Constant-Thickness Lens -- The Metal Plate Lens -- Stepped Lenses -- Radio Relay -- Foamed Dielectric Lenses -- Wider Bandwidth Needs -- Born's Light Wave Analysis -- The First Artificial Dielectrics -- Sphere and Disk Dielectrics -- Strip Lenses -- The Transcontinental Relay -- The Bell Transcontinental Circuit -- High Refractive Power Lenses -- Path Length Lenses -- Lenses for Loudspeakers -- Microwave Lenses for Sound -- 8 Communications Satellites -- The First Rockets -- The Intercontinental Missile -- The Reentry Problem -- Sputnik -- Initial U.S. Reactions to Sputnik -- Explorer I -- Apollo 11 -- Communications -- Communications and the Space Program -- Orbiting Satellites -- Geostationary Satellites. -- Domestic Satellites -- Direct Broadcast Satellite -- 9 Why Invent? -- Wherewithal -- Renown -- Helping Others -- Eminence -- The Fraternity of Doers -- 10 Radar -- Early History -- The British Beginnings -- The U.S. Beginnings -- Radar Fundamentals -- The Plan Position Display -- The A-Scope Display -- Fire Control Radars -- Other Forms of Military Radar -- Doppler Radar -- Radars for Cars -- Circular Polarization -- An Aircraft-Versus-Submarine Machiavellism -- 11 Holography -- Gabor's Interdisciplinary Skill -- Holography Fundamentals -- Making a Hologram -- The Complete Hologram Process -- The Hologram of a Scene -- Parallax in Holograms -- Single-Wavelength Nature of Holograms -- Nonoptical Holograms -- Microwave Holograms -- Microwave Holograms and Liquid Crystals -- Ultrasonic Holograms -- Underwater Viewing -- Earth Exploration -- Phase Quadrature -- Laser Holography -- Three-Dimensional Holography -- Information Content -- The Concept of Phase in Holography -- Synthetic Aperture Radar -- Two Recent Holography Developments -- Gabor's Clairvoyance -- 12 Picturephone -- Visible Speech -- Real Time Sound Analysis -- The Real Time Analyzer -- From Analyzer to Picturephone -- Transmission Cost -- The Experimental Movie -- The First Picturephone -- The Permanent Record Form -- The Announcement to the Press -- Additional Background Information -- Press Reaction -- The Move to Higher-Quality Pictures -- The First Commercial Service -- The Future -- Peroration.

1. Principles of thin section preparation -- 1.1 Choosing the size of the thin section -- 1.2 Collecting the sample -- 1.3 Removing water from the sample -- 1.4 Impregnating the sample -- 1.5 Lapping the impregnated sample -- 1.6 Polishing the impregnated sample -- 1.7 Grinding, lapping and polishing the slide -- 2. Preparation of polished blocks and thin sections of soils -- 2.1 Collection of samples of soft coherent non-stony material -- 2.2 Collection of samples of hard material -- 2.3 Collecting loose friable surface samples -- 2.4 Removal or replacement of water and impregnation with Crystic resin -- 2.5 Transferring the specimen to the impregnation mould -- 2.6 Removal of water -- 2.7 Impregnation -- 2.8 Sawing the impregnated block -- 2.9 Surface impregnation with Crystic resin -- 2.10 Lapping the block -- 2.11 Polishing the block -- 2.12 Cleaning the polished block -- 2.13 Mounting the polished block -- 2.14 Labelling the slide -- 2.15 Cutting off the excess specimen -- 2.16 Machine grinding the specimen -- 2.17 Final lapping stages for the specimen -- 2.18 Polishing the specimen -- 2.19 Mounting the cover glass -- 2.20 Logitech machine systems for thin section production -- 3. Examination of thin sections and polished blocks -- 3.1 Examination of thin sections and polished blocks with the stereo-microscope -- 3.2 Examination of thin sections with the petrological microscope -- 3.3 The construction and use of the petrological microscope -- 3.4 Properties of minerals determined with the petrological microscope -- 4 Properties of minerals in thin sections -- 4.1 Allophane -- 4.2 Amphiboles -- 4.3 Anatase -- 4.4 Antigorite-chrysotile -- 4.5 Apatite -- 4.6 Augite -- 4.7 Biotite -- 4.8 Calcite -- 4.9 Chalcedony -- 4.10 Chlorite -- 4.11 Clinozoisite -- 4.12 Diopside -- 4.13 Enstatite -- 4.14 Epidote -- 4.15 Feldspars -- 4.16 Ferric hydroxide -- 4.17 Garnet -- 4.18 Gibbsite -- 4.19 Goethite -- 4.20 Gypsum -- 4.21 Halite -- 4.22 Halloysite and metahalloysite -- 4.23 Hematite -- 4.24 Hornblende -- 4.25 Hypersthene -- 4.26 Ice -- 4.27 Iddingsite -- 4.28 Ilmenite -- 4.29 Jarosite -- 4.30 Kaolinite -- 4.31 Lepidocrocite -- 4.32 Magnetite -- 4.33 Manganese dioxide -- 4.34 Microcline -- 4.35 Montmorillonite -- 4.36 Muscovite -- 4.37 Olivine -- 4.38 Opal -- 4.39 Orthoclase -- 4.40 Plagioclases -- 4.41 Pyrite -- 4.42 Quartz -- 4.43 Rutile -- 4.44 Serpentine -- 4.45 Siderite -- 4.46 Titanite -- 4.47 Tourmaline -- 4.48 Tremolite - actinolite -- 4.49 Vermiculite -- 4.50 Volcanic glass -- 4.51 Zircon -- 5 Properties applicable to most features seen in thin sections -- 5.1 Colour -- 5.2 Frequency -- 5.3 Prominence -- 5.4 Size -- 5.5 Shape -- 5.6 Roundness and sphericity -- 5.7 Surface characteristics -- 5.8 Boundaries -- 5.9 Distribution pattern -- 5.10 Relationships with other features -- 5.11 Orientation -- 6 Fabric, structure and matrix -- 6.1 Fabric and structure -- 6.2 Matrix -- 6.3 Conclusions -- 7 Features present in thin sections -- 7.1 Fabric -- 7.2 Structure and pores -- 7.3 Passages-faunal and root -- 7.4 Faecal material -- 7.5 Organic materials -- 7.6 Rock fragments -- 7.7 Detrital grains -- 7.8 Particle size distribution -- 7.9 Fine material -- 7.10 Coatings -- 7.11 Clay plugs -- 7.12 Surface residues -- 7.13 Impregnated surfaces -- 7.14 Anisotropic surfaces - false coatings -- 7.15 Subsurface organizations and accumulations -- 7.16 Secondary mineral material -- 7.17 Amorphous and microcrystalline material -- 7.18 Segregations and concretions -- 7.19 Weathering features and products -- 7.20 Microorganisms -- 7.21 Soil erratics -- 7.22 Infillings and intergrowths -- 7.23 Other features -- 7.24 Features observed in polished blocks -- 8 Description of thin sections and polished blocks -- 8.1 Homogeneity and heterogeneity -- 8.2 Recognition of individuals -- 8.3 Recognition of patterns -- 8.4 Description of individuals and patterns -- 8.5 Quantification -- 8.6 Interpretation -- 8.7 Description of thin sections -- 8.8 Description of polished blocks -- 8.9 Reminder data of properties -- 8.10 Reminder data of features -- 9 Teaching micromorphology -- 9.1 Introductory course in thin section morphology -- 9.2 Advanced course in thin section morphology -- 9.3 Exercises -- 10 Photography -- 10.1 Photographing the whole specimen using transmitted light -- 10.2 Photographing the whole specimen using ultraviolet light -- 10.3 Photomicrography -- 10.4 Photography for pore identification -- 11 Ancillary techniques -- 11.1 Electron analyses -- 11.2 X-ray analysis of thin sections -- 11.3 Ion thinning -- 11.4 Low temperature ashing -- 11.5 Image analysis -- 11.6 Three-dimensional analysis -- 11.7 Polarization-interference contrast examinations -- 11.8 Phase contrast -- 11.9 Fluorescence -- 11.10 Staining feldspars -- 11.11 Staining carbonates -- 11.12 Staining clay minerals -- 11.13 Staining microorganisms -- 11.14 Preparation of acetate peels -- 11.15 Removal of iron oxides from thin sections -- 11.16 Autoradiographs of impregnated blocks and thin sections -- 12 Applications -- 12.1 Agriculture -- 12.2 Archeology -- 12.3 Engineering -- 12.4 Geomorphology -- 12.5 Paleoclimatology -- 12.6 Pedology and paleopedology -- 12.7 Soil microbiology -- 12.8 Soil zoology -- 13 The micromorphology of soils -- References.